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Topic: Smeerenburg

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	Smeerenburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The settlement of Smeerenburg on Amsterdam Island in north-west Svalbard, originated with Dutch whalers before 1620: one of Europe's northernmost outposts.
		During the first intensive phase of the Spitsbergen whale fishery, Smeerenburg served as the centre of operations in the north.
		In 1973 the ruins of Smeerenburg became part of Norway's North West Spitsbergen National Park.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smeerenburg (139 words)

	Rocky bottom communities
		Smeerenburg provided the highest number of taxa of macroalgae in total, and the highest number of faunal and algal taxa found only at one single station.
		The total number found at Smeerenburg resembled that of Rossøya, and for all the three stations the ratio of Phaeophyta to Rhodophyta was close to 1.
		The separation of the two depth ranges at Smeerenburg is probably greatly exaggerated when viewing the frequency data, as algae shaded for the presence of fauna, thereby depressing the frequency of recorded animals and further enhancing a high frequency of algae in the data set.
	www.hi.is /~olafial/Espedaletal2002.htm (4632 words)

	Svalbard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is estimated that the Dutch alone took 60,000 whales from their base Smeerenburg.
		Smeerenburg (Dutch settlement on northwestern Amsterdam Island, abandoned around 1660)
		No roads link the settlements on the island; transportation includes boat, plane, helicopter, and snowmobile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Svalbard (1815 words)

	Inside Britannica
		Smeerenburg ("Blubbertown") was built on Spitsbergen after 1619.
		The demise of Arctic bay whaling in the mid-1650s owed less to overfishing than to a miniature ice age that lasted for the rest of the 17th century.
		Smeerenburg shut down in the 1660s, although Dutch and German whalers navigated the open-sea ice.
	newsletters.britannica.com /articles/jan04/whaling.html (3021 words)

	Untitled Document
		The settlement of Smeerenburg on Amsterdam Island in north-west Svalbard is Europe 's northernmost outpost.
		At latitude of almost 80°N Smeerenburg was centre of the Dutch whaling operations in the north from 1614 to 1660.
		The name Smeerenburg literally means blubber-town, and boiling of whale blubber into oil was the main activity.
	www.schmeerenburgh.com /smb-bio.php (243 words)

	Smeerenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Moss captures the spirit of the place nicely, and peppers the piece with fascinating hiistory, including notes on his visit to Smeerenburg or “blubber town”, where blubber ovens and whale bones are scattered like refuse over the...
		Semi-permanent shore stations were established and, for the 30-odd years that the boom lasted, the Dutch whaling settlement of Smeerenburg north-west of Spitzbergen hosted hundreds of whaling ships each year.
		Smeerenburg; het verblijf van Nederlandse walvisvaarders op de westkust van Spitsbergen in de zeventiende eeuw (Mededeling) (Mededeling)
	pc-tv.needsuchspare.info /Smeerenburg (504 words)

	SetSail.com - the serious cruising sailor's website
		Smeerenburg glacier was the most dynamic one we'd seen so far.
		The bay, which was formed by the ancient wall of ice, was full of small gnarly looking bergs, roughly the same size and weight as Driver, giving the illusion that we were drifting among a fleet of other home-built steel boats.
		Smeerenburg had retreated considerably since the chart was last surveyed back in 1966, revealing a small indentation suitable for anchoring in.
	www.setsail.com /s_logs/martin/martin48.html (899 words)

	konditori100/travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We walked along the beach to remnants of the Dutch whaling station Smeerenburg ('blubber town').
		Smeerenburg was abandoned in 1671, when the work had been taken up on ships.
		Luckily for us, the stench from their work was blown away long ago, and we could enjoy the fresh air while imagining how people worked and lived here.
	www.konditori100.se /travel/tm04sval/k1t4xnvi.htm (876 words)

	MD - The return of the Smeerenburg collection to Svalbard museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A Dutch description of the abandoned remains of Smeerenburg in 1727 mentioned that it looked like half of a small town, with huts and stores where men sold alcohol and tobacco, etc, and where fresh bread and rolls were baked every morning.
		Along this flat beach there were crowds of boats with sailors who arrived from the exciting whaling chase, and of women in gay colours who were out to catch men”.
		Fortunately, or unfortunately for the story-tellers, the Smeerenburg project was not able to confirm this fantastic description, although the modest seeds of some of the details were uncovered.
	odin.dep.no /md/norsk/aktuelt/taler/.../022001-090138/dok-nn.html (833 words)

	Arctic Cruise: North Spitsbergen Itinerary & Rates
		Smeerenburg and Danskøya are of great archaeological interest with remains of 17th century whaling activities and 19th century polar exploration, which was for a time centred on Spitsbergen.
		Visitors interested in the history of Arctic exploration will want to walk to the anchoring mast used by Amundsen and Nobile in the airship Norge in 1926 and Nobile in the airship Italia in 1928 before their flights to the North Pole.
		The principal quarry of the whalers was the Greenland or Bowhead Whale, which was hunted to the brink of extinction.
	www.travelvantage.com /arc_cr_nosi.html (1575 words)

	Whale
		At this time the large time of Spitzbergen whale-catching was however already again past, the land stations like the famous Smeerenburg ("Transtadt") on the Amsterdamøya in the northwest of Spitzbergen had probably into the 1630er years their most active phase.
		At this time the territory was divided to country and to lake between the two most important whale-catching nations Holland and England, additional niches was essentially occupied by a number of further nations such as Danes, Frenchmen, Spaniards and Germans.
		The famous churches and brothels, which it is to have allegedly also given, belong however in the realm of the legend.
	www.nordpol.no /whale.htm (546 words)

	Arctic - The Scandinavian Arctic - 13-Day Tour by JOURNEYS International
		Smeerenburg, on Amsterdamøya, is located on the north-western corner of Spitzbergen.
		Smeerenburg, or Blubber Town, was a settlement of Dutch whalers in the first half of the 17th century.
		They succeeded in their mission and were in good shape when picked up one year later.
	www.journeys-intl.com /destinations/polar/arctic/525 (2183 words)

	Whaling in the Spitsbergen waters
		The best-known station is probably Smeerenburg, on Amsterdam Island, Spitsbergen.
		Stations like Smeerenburg made it possible to process large numbers of whales.
		At the end of each whaling season, the barrels with train oil were shipped back to Europe.
	www.environmenttimes.net /article.cfm?pageID=59 (507 words)

	LCM smeerenburg
		In the 1970's and 1980's a few intensive archaeological expeditions were executed on Amsterdameiland nearby Smeerenburg.
		The remains of a settlement were detected and an inventory was made.
		Iron chloride is unstable and in presence of oxigen and water vapour corroded iron will form complexes on the border of primary corrosion and metal iron visible as brown rust.
	www.lcm.rug.nl /lcm/teksten/teksten_uk/smb_uk.htm (740 words)

	Spitsbergen Explorer - Arctic - Peregrine Adventures
		The remarkable islands of the Svalbard archipelago are part of Norway, lying far to the north of the Norwegian mainland and high above the Arctic Circle.
		Another history lesson can be had in Smeerenburg, located on the north-west corner of Spitsbergen.
		Also known as Blubber Town, Smeerenburg was once a settlement of Dutch whalers in the first half of the 17th century.
	www.peregrine.net.au /arctic/trip_notes.asp?trip=1907 (3760 words)

	Michael R. Albertin - DarkProjekt - Reisen - Svalbard - Tag 03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Northeast of Virgohamna on the flat area on Amsterdamøya we found Smeerenburg - the name come from the Dutch whaling period.
		It is said that this was the spot where most whales were caught.
		According to history and excavations a whole village was built here and the name was Smeerenburg (meaning Blubber Town).
	www.darkprojekt.ch /albertin/reisen/svalbard/day03.php (680 words)

	Spitsbergen : walrussen en ijsberen in het hoge Noorden.
		We kunnen onder meer een stuk in de Hinlopen Straat, naar de Raudfjord met ronddrijvende ijsbergen verkennen of naar het walrusseneiland Moffen boven de 80ste breedtegraad.
		Op de terugweg bezoeken we ongetwijfeld Smeerenburg en Zeeuwsche Uytkyck, plaatsen waar de historie van de middeleeuwse walvisvaart opnieuw opleeft.
		De vroege Arctische zomer is de ideale periode voor het observeren van zee- en toendravogels.
	www.arakea.be /site/spits_39263.htm (2110 words)

	Rond Spitsbergen en Bereneiland - Zeilschip Noorderlicht, Rond Spitsbergen. Zeilschip Noorderlicht, Rondreizen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nearby we may be able to visit a haul-out of Harbour Seals and Walruses.
		Today we visit the remains of Smeerenburg, the largest 17th century whaling settlement on Spitsbergen.
		We also land on Ytre Norskøya where there are many graves dating from whaling days.
	brabant.arakea.com /rond__52014.htm (1799 words)

	Five Stars of Scandinavia -- NORTH SPITSBERGEN
		M/V Polar Star - Remote Coastal Region of the UK
		Smeerenburg and Danskøya are of great archaeological interest with remains of 17th century whaling activities and 19th century polar exploration, which was for a time centered on Spitsbergen.
		At Smeerenburg on Amsterdamøya, we visit the remains of a 17th century Dutch whaling station, the blubber pots now surrounded by hundreds of tree trunks washed ashore after drifting over from Siberia.
	www.5stars-of-scandinavia.com /expeditions/?id=north_spitsbergen.html (1662 words)

	Wildlife Cruises to the Arctic and Antarctic with The Travelling Naturalist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Polar Bears can be spotted on the ice or on land and you will also see many walruses.
		Smeerenburg is of great archaeological interest with the remains of 17th century whaling activities.
		If ice conditions allow, we will reach Hinlopen Strait and Nordaustlandet in the east.
	www.naturalist.co.uk /cruises2006/spitsbergennorth.php (1802 words)

	Scantours: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		DAY 4 At Smeerenburg, visit the 17th century remains of a Dutch whaling station.
		DAY 10 Visit the remains of Smeerenburg, the largest 17th century whaling settlement and (if permitted) Danskøya, remains of the 19th century expedition by the Swedish balloon explorer Andree.
		DAY 11 Sailing south, we will attempt a landing on the coast of Forlandsundet, where Walruses are often hauled out.
	www.scantoursuk.com /summer/itineraries/spitsbergen.shtml (565 words)

	Norwegian Coastal Voyage 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		DAY 6 – HOELHALVOYA / SMEERENBURG / VIRGOHAMNA / MAGDALENEFJORD – B, L, D
		Today’s first Zodiac landing is in Hamburgbukta on Hoelhalvoya where you’ll find the remains of the German whaling station.
		Other interesting sites of the area visited are the Dutch whaling station Smeerenburg, and Virgohamna (“Virgin Harbor”) situated north of the famous Magdalenefjord.
	www.coastalvoyage.com /spitsbergen3b.shtml (1242 words)

	SMEERENBURG Zeugnisse vom frühesten Spitzbergen-Walfang im 17. Jahrhundert - HACQUEBORD,L. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		HACQUEBORD,L. SMEERENBURG Zeugnisse vom frühesten Spitzbergen-Walfang im 17.
		Offered by: Moby Dick - Book number: 6495
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.nl /boox/mbd/6495.shtml (47 words)

	Corpus Middeleeuws Aardewerk (CMA)
		Types of ceramics: stoneware, red ware, grey ware, clay tobacco pipes
		Title: Ceramiek van de 17de-eeuwse walvisvangstnederzetting Smeerenburg op Spitsbergen (Pottery from the 17th-century whaling station Smeerenburg on Spitsbergen)
		Types of ceramics: stoneware, red ware, maiolica, Mediterranean ceramics
	cma.ab-c.nl /series.htm (495 words)

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