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Topic: Smithson (crater)

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James Smithson

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	ArtLex on Earth Art and Earthworks
		Identical dimensions are to be transferred in 1 x 1 x 2 feet salt lick blocks to ocean floor off Bahama coast xx and dug to a depth of 1 foot - Salt Lake Desert, Utah.
		James Turrell (American, contemporary), Roden Crater, 1972-2000, a natural cinder volcano situated on the southwestern edge of the Painted Desert in northern Arizona.
		James Turrell is transforming the crater into a large-scale artwork that relates, through the medium of light, to the universe of the surrounding sky, land, and culture.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/e/earthart.html (1058 words)

	HoSinDurham
		Smithson [formerly Macie], James Lewis (1764-1829), mineralogist and benefactor, was born Jacques Louis Macie in Paris in early 1764, the illegitimate son of a long-term liaison between
		Smithson's place in history is almost unique, since he is one of very few people whose fame is entirely posthumous, through the extraordinary consequences of his will, and the mineral Smithsonite named after him in 1832.
		Smithson had already made his will and left his fortune to the Royal Society of London, when certain scientific papers were offered to that body for publication … They were refused; upon which he changed his will and made his bequest to the United States.
	www.dur.ac.uk /m.d.eddy/HoSinDurhamSmithson.html (2038 words)

	Moving Mountains, Walking on Water
		Smithson, who died in a plane crash in 1973, chose a site on the lake's northeast shore, because he was drawn to the dark rose color of the water, which comes from the bacteria and algae living in it.
		Smithson expected salt crystals to accumulate, and there's now a crust of perhaps three inches." The artist himself had talked of adding rocks to raise Jetty, and that idea still inspires debate from time to time, but Holt doesn't feel any sense of urgency.
		None aspires to the scale of a Smithson or a Turrell, in part because gaining the necessary permits, given environmental legislation, would probably be almost impossible today, and in part because the spirit of the times is different-less ostentatious, less concerned with making enduring monuments.
	aleksandramir.info /texts/landi.html (2327 words)

	Placement: Robert Smithson, Intl.
		From 1966-67, Smithson was retained by Tibbets, Abbott, McCarthy, and Stratton (TAMS) as an “artist-consultant.” Smithson’s heavy interest in French films and structuralism saw a number TAMS related works based on maps, aerial art, and with a different perspective.
		In an article by the artist, Smithson later wrote of the project: “Art today is no longer an architectural afterthought, or an object to attach to a building after it is finished, but rather a total engagement with the building process from the ground up and from the sky down.
		Smithson hoped to include live video feed of the sites within the airport to recreate the experience within as a sort of museum.
	www.mathematos.com /placement/archives/2005/06/smithson_intl.php (540 words)

	Smithson - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Smithson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Alison Smithson made significant contributions to post-war architectural theory as a leading member of Team X, a group formed to prepare for the 10th congress of the urban-planning body CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) in Dubrovnik (now in Croatia) in 1956.
		The team attempted to break down the barriers between art and science, and called for personal responsibility and attention to detail, in contrast to the grandiose schemes that had dominated the work of the organization since its foundation in the 1920s.
		The Smithsons were also active members of the Independent Group at the Institute of Contemporary Art, London, in the early 1950s, and made an original contribution to the London Whitechapel Gallery's This Is Tomorrow exhibition of 1956.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Smithson (264 words)

	nayati voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Kamerlingh Onnes (crater) 66 km Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
		Tiselius (crater) 53 km Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
		Tsinger (crater) 44 km Nikolaj Yakovlevich Tsinger (Zinger)
	nayati4bap.blogspot.com (7203 words)

	Tests of Time
		Any object or process that moves from a high degree of organization or order to disorganization or disorder--or from a high level of available energy to low levels of energy--can be said to have been affected by entropy.
		Robert Smithson used the concept of entropy as a key concept in a number of his most famous works, including his Spiral Jetty on the northern edge of the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
		Roden Crater is a natural cinder volcano situated on the southwestern edge of the Painted Desert in northern Arizona.
	www.asu.edu /cfa/wwwcourses/art/SOACore/timeframes/tests_time.htm (625 words)

	Fine art reproduction, canvas oil painting, reproduction oil paintings, reproduction art, canvas reproduction - ...
		Perhaps the best known artist who worked in this genre was the American Robert Smithson whose 1968 essay "The Sedimentation of the Mind: Earth Projects" provided a critical framework for the movement as a reaction to the disengagement of Modernism from social issues as represented by the critic Clement Greenberg.
		Smithson's Gravel Mirror with Cracks and Dust (1968) is an example of land art existing in a gallery space rather than in the natural environment.
		With the death of Smithson in a plane crash in 1973 the movement lost its figurehead and petered out.
	www.1startclub.com /land-art.htm (735 words)

	artnet.com Magazine Books - Land Rush (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Similarly, Robert Smithson, a science fiction fan and painter of monsters, was wandering New Jersey's toxic badlands seeking earthwork sites, all the while carrying a copy of Brian Aldiss' 1965 sci-fi novel Earthworks in his hip pocket, the story of a man wandering the planet transporting barges of sand here and there.
		Smithson first introduced the term earthworks into contemporary art, a term then that presumably came via sci-fi fantasy.
		On the other hand, Robert Smithson was so unconcerned with ecology or the natural, and fascinated by ruins, that one of his pieces called for covering an island in Vancouver's pristine Strait of Georgia with tons of broken glass.
	www.artnet.com /magazine/index/croak/croak11-10-03.asp (1540 words)

	1998 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Crater Obliteration and Net Deposition Rates: Impact crater populations, especially those of small craters, can be used to characterize the environmental conditions on a given planetary surface.
		Crater diameter distributions for two heavily cratered regions on Mars, showing fit to theoretical population in equilibrium with net dust deposition in crater floors (heavy curve).
		Figure 3 shows crater counts from a younger area, Solis Planum, where there has not been as much time for infilling, and the larger-crater population is more completely preserved, falling closer to the lunar mare reference line (dashed).
	www.psi.edu /projects/mgs/lpsc.html (746 words)

	Defeat is Cold, Death Unforgiving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Smithson found time to blast the center of the 'Mech with medium laser fire in addition to launching the missile pack that saved my rear.
		The Griffin had taken up position in a heavier patch of woods off to Smithson's left, and his Archer was hemmed in by the firepower of the Griffin and the Rifleman.
		I saw Smithson try to stand yet again, but his huge 'Mech slipped on the snow and landed on its right side, smashing the joint connecting the right leg to the torso.
	www.evilnet.net /~fanfic/fiction/defeat.html (4702 words)

	Untitled Document
		Smithson leased 10 acres of land at the lake to make spiral Jetty.
		Smithson described his sensations about the site as "to suggest an immobile cyclone" and "A dormant earthquake spread into the fluttering stillness, into a spinning sensation without movement." From that the form of Spiral Jetty evolved.
		Smithson also learned of legend that described an underground channel that connected the Salt lake to the ocean at a point in the middle of the lake that revealed itself as a whirlpool.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~bradleyg/u-art.html (1579 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- land art - AOL Research & Learn
		The technique was in part an attempt to counter the perception of art as an acquirable commodity, although as the movement developed such items as site photographs, cartographic studies, and artists' notebooks were made available to collectors.
		Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970), a huge spiral of rock and salt crystal in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, is a characteristic example of the land art form.
		Still another monumental land art work is James Turrell's Roden Crater, an extinct volcano near Flagstaff, Ariz., the interior of which he has transformed since the 1970s into an enormous work of art with rooms, tunnels, and openings to the sky.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/land-art/20051206193409990020 (267 words)

	James Turrell’s Light Fantastic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		When people ask Turrell how much the crater has cost, he replies, “A couple of wives and several relationships.” Twice divorced, he has six children, three of them grown and living nearby in Flagstaff, and the younger three living with their mother on the East Coast.
		He lives in a modest ranch house about 30 miles from the crater with his partner, Korean-born artist Kyung-Lim Lee, 45, who often puts down her own paintbrush to feed the livestock or answer the studio phone when Turrell is away.
		And though Roden Crater is often described as Land Art, Turrell feels his antecedents are the ancient architects who built structures that brought light in from outside to create an event inside.
	www.kidscastle.si.edu /issues/2003/may/light.php?page=4 (724 words)

	Monumental Land Art of the United States
		The fact that nearly all of the first wave of artists achieving notoriety in the form were male, and worked in a manner that was both invasive and transformative, gave the movement a reputation for having a core of testosterone driven ego.
		Land Art's most articulate spokesman was Robert Smithson, whose Spiral Jetty has become emblematic of the genre.
		Smithson, as well as a pilot and a photographer, died in a 1972 plane crash while surveying this site.
	www.daringdesigns.com /earthworks.htm (1001 words)

	Jan Staller: Photography
		It can also include a crater made by a nuclear bomb (the military, at the time, thought it a good idea to explore using nuclear weapons for peaceful purposes, in this case land alteration) and an electromagnetic pulse testing facility at a nuclear weapons base in New Mexico.
		In making a kind of photography that exists in the interstices between, say, photography and sculpture, it's important to see that Staller is not parodying some of the more iconic artworks and art figures of the last few decades, nor is he playing some insider artworldish game.
		When brought into photographs, all of this amounts to heady, genre-bending stuff, but the really odd thing, and what most distinguishes Staller as an artist, is how evocative his scenes are - culturally, psychologically, and poetically - in the midst of their savvy art references.
	www.janstaller.net /photography.html (1569 words)

	phoenixnewtimes.com - News - This Old Crater
		The crater's top, an elliptical bowl the size of three football fields, is rutted and piled with mounds of excavated pumice and lava spew; a portable toilet sits off to the western side.
		And the eye of the crater, connected by a short passageway to the tunnel, will hold a sunken plaza where visitors can lie on sandstone plinths and see the sky as Turrell wants it to be seen: as a vaulting expanse that appears almost within reach.
		The crater occupied rangeland that was checkerboarded with alternating square miles of state and private property.
	www.phoenixnewtimes.com /Issues/1999-06-10/feature_full.html (5627 words)

	Spiral Jetty Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Robert Smithson's monumental earthwork Spiral Jetty (1970) has been acquired by Dia Center for the Arts as a gift from the Estate of the artist.
		Realizing, after its completion, that he had built it at a time when the level of the lake was unnaturally low, Smithson considered adding further material to ensure that his artwork would be visible more often.
		Born in 1938, in Passaic, New Jersey, Smithson began addressing issues of landscape in his art in the late 1960s, most notably in photo-essays and a series of "nonsites".
	www.diacenter.org /dia/press/spiral.html (574 words)

	AllRefer.com - earthworks (American Art) - Encyclopedia
		The technique was in part an attempt to counter the perception of art as an acquirable commodity.
		Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970), a huge spiral of rock and salt crystal in the middle of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, is a characteristic example of the earthwork form.
		Still another monumental earthwork is James Turrell's Roden Crater, an extinct volcano near Flagstaff, Ariz., the interior of which he has transformed since the 1970s into an enormous work of art with rooms, tunnels, and openings to the sky.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/earthwork.html (310 words)

	CLUI Newsetter - Spring 2005 - Tour of the Monuments of the Great American Void DAY 1
		Smithson’s precedent (especially his Tour of the Monuments of Passaic) set the trajectory, from which we launched into an experiential miasmic odyssey.
		Phillips told us about how his rocky relationship with Smithson became one of mutual appreciation, as the jetty grew, and how the construction period – just nine days – was later extended another five days when Smithson hired Mr.
		It is tempting to make comparisons between the two famous land art sites of the Great Salt Lake desert: one a feminine, circular, astrological axis mundi, the other a peninsular, quarried rockpile, but it is best to just let them be, to let them become much more than that, on their own.
	www.clui.org /clui_4_1/lotl/v28/f1.html (1474 words)

	Dia Announces Final Phase of $100 Million Capital Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Dia collaborated with the artist at the project's inception in 1977, but was unable to continue its patronage in the early 1980s due to its lack of financial resources.
		Smithson, with support from Virginia Dwan, created his renowned Spiral Jetty on the edge of the Great Salt Lake in Utah in 1970.
		Turrell began work on his Roden Crater project in 1977 with Dia's assistance, and carried on the work in the '80s through his own Skystone Foundation.
	www.diacenter.org /dia/press/campaign.html (2496 words)

	Taruntius (crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a floor-fractured crater, possibly created by an uplift of mare material from beneath the interior.
		One patch is located just south of the central peak and the other falls on the sides of the northern rim near Cameron.
		Taruntius has a ray system with a radius of over 300 kilometers, and is probably less than a billion years of age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taruntius_(crater) (321 words)

	National Air and Space Museum Press Kit - The Smithsonian and Flight
		A lunar crater is named for James Smithson, founder of the Smithsonian Institution, at the 16th General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union.
		The crater is located in the upper right quadrant of the moon's visible disc, at 2.5 degrees north and 53.5 degrees east.
		Crater Smithson joins two craters named for former Smithsonian secretaries, crater Abbot and crater Carmichael.
	www.nasm.si.edu /events/pressroom/presskits/museumkit/siflight.cfm (3440 words)

	Gift of Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty - Dia Center for the Arts - Absolutearts.com
		In 1970 gallerist and art patron Virginia Dwan provided Smithson with the funds needed to construct Spiral Jetty.
		As an artist it is interesting to take on the persona of a geological agent and actually become part of that process rather than overcome it.
		In the late 1970s it provided initial funds for James Turrell's Roden Crater near Flagstaff, Arizona, and currently it assists Michael Heizer's ongoing City project in Nevada.
	www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/1999/10/03/25995.html (545 words)

	smithson.org.uk :: InterActive - Bizarre
		The crater, named in 1976, is located in the upper right quadrant of the moon's visible disc, at 2.5 degrees north and 53.5 degrees east.
		Crater Smithson joins two craters named after former Smithsonian secretaries, crater Abbot and crater Carmichael.
		Formed by Major Joseph Smithson, The Bureau of Missing Socks is the first organization solely devoted to solving the question of what happens to missing single socks.
	www.smithson.org.uk /bizarre (155 words)

	ARTH 492 Lecture 9
		Smithson, Robert I., Map for Double Nonsite, California and Nevada, 1968.
		Smithson, Robert I., Double Nonsite, California and Nevada, 1968.
		Smithson, Robert I., Spiral Jetty, air view, Great Salt Lake, Utah.
	www.arthistory.upenn.edu /fall02/492601/492lecture9.html (409 words)

	phoenixnewtimes.com - News - This Old Crater
		Working with the crater project and his other installations, Turrell says he has come to realize "that this ability to feel with the eyes really doesn't happen until the eyes begin to open.
		The light that visitors encounter at the crater will depend on where they're standing and when.
		The crater is essentially an immense camera, with openings to gather and isolate varieties of celestial light.
	www.phoenixnewtimes.com /issues/1999-06-10/feature_3.html (972 words)

	Art:21 . Online Lesson Library . The Natural World . Lesson 3—In the Landscape \| PBS
		Then have students research the terms ‘Earth Art,’ ‘Earthworks,’ and ‘Land Art’ and research artists such as Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, Walter de Maria, and Ana Mendieta.
		For over 30 years, James Turrell has been working on transforming the dormant volcano Roden Crater into a site for viewing solar and lunar cosmological phenomena.
		Physically altering the shape of the crater as well as building architectural elements that frame particular vantage points, Turrell sculpts the elements of light and space.
	www.pbs.org /art21/education/naturalworld/lesson3.html (1702 words)

	Carbon - Encyclopedia of Earth
		In 1797, the English chemist Smithson Tennant proved that diamond is pure carbon.
		The interplanar spacings of "white" carbon are identical to those of carbon form noted in the graphite gneiss from the Ries (meteroritic) Crater of Germany.
		Carbon found in organic molecules—molecules that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms and to other carbon atoms—is called organic carbon.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Carbon (1319 words)

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