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	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a "research institute" of the Smithsonian Institution headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it is joined with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).
		The SAO was founded in 1890 by Smithsonian Secretary Samuel Pierpont Langley.
		The Chandra X-ray Observatory is managed and operated by SAO from Cambridge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory (138 words)

	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
		A research arm of the Smithsonian Institution founded in 1890.
		Originally located in Washington, D.C., it moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1955 and combined with the Harvard College Observatory in 1973 to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
		The SAO owns and operates the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, jointly owns and operates the Multiple Mirror Telescope, operates the Oak Ridge Observatory (owned by HCO), and is a partner in the Submillimeter Array.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/SAO.html (162 words)

	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory - Historic Pictures
		The Astrophysical Observatory, established on 1 March 1890, in the South Yard behind the Smithsonian Institution Building, 1899.
		Katherine, Egypt, was a solar observing station of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory from 1933-1937.
		The headquarters of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory moved from Washington, D.C. to Cambridge in 1955.
	www.si.edu /archives/historic/sao.htm (357 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
		Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, research institute of the Smithsonian Institution with headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		The Smithsonian Institution was founded in 1846 under the will of James Smithson, an English chemist who bequeathed his fortune to the United States to establish an institution "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The principal means for carrying out these functions are...
		This Institution was established in 1846 under the terms of the will of James Smithson, an English scientist, who bequeathed his entire fortune to the United States "to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge...
	encarta.msn.com /Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory.html (171 words)

	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SAO astronomers have contributed in other, more surprising, ways to modern society by applying advanced astronomical techniques to down-to-Earth problems.
		For example, using maser technology developed for experimental studies in cosmology, SAO scientists are pursuing a potentially significant advance in the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
		In addition, SAO staff are working with physicians at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston to investigate the medical applications of xenon-enhanced MRI.
	hrw.com /science/si-science/physical/astronomy/astrophysics/downto.html (263 words)

	SAO - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog
		This database is based on the electronic version of the SAO catalog from the Astronomical Data Center, which is itself based on an original binary version of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog (SAO, SAO Staff 1966).
		The 1984 version of the SAO contained the corrected and extended cross identifications, all errata published up to January 1984 and known to the ADC, numerous errors forwarded to the ADC by colleagues, and errors discovered at the ADC during the course of this work.
		Additional changes were made to the SAO catalog over time (namely more cross identifications and corrections) which resulted in a new version in 1984.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/star-catalog/sao.html (1099 words)

	Charles Greeley Abbot -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		American astrophysicist who, as director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Washington, D.C., for almost four decades, engaged in a career-long campaign to demonstrate that the Sun's energy output varies and has a measurable effect on the Earth's weather.
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was established in 1890 in Washington, D.C., by Samuel Pierpont Langley, the third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for the specific study of the Sun's radiation.
		Langley's successor as observatory director in 1906, Charles Greeley Abbot, limited the facility's attention to the study of the amount and character of, and...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9003249 (733 words)

	From the Secretary - Science Matters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Langley, who pioneered astrophysics, the cutting-edge field in which SAO excels today, would no doubt be thrilled to see the stunning images—which are helping to answer the first of these questions—sent to us by the Chandra X-ray telescope.
		Building on the Smithsonian's many strengths—its record of advances and its unrivaled collections of specimens—the plan will serve as a broad and ambitious map to guide scientific exploration at the Smithsonian, and beyond.
		Whether Smithsonian scientists study mosquito-borne illnesses, early human fossils, the lush treetop canopies of tropical cloud forests or distant galaxies of massive stars, their work often takes them far from the Mall.
	www.smithsonianmag.si.edu /smithsonian/issues05/may05/small.html (660 words)

	SAO Summer Intern Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Summer Intern Program is a nine or ten week long program, depending on the availability of Harvard housing.
		Undergraduate students interested in a career in astronomy, astrophysics, physics, or related physical sciences are encouraged to apply for the 2006 program.
		SAO will host two two teachers for 8 weeks in the summer of 2006 and for 6 weeks in 2007.
	hea-www.harvard.edu /REU/REU.html (422 words)

	NMNH - Abbot.si.edu 160.111.81.5
		Charles Greeley Abbot was elected the fifth Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution by the Board of Regents (16-year term: 1928-1944).
		He first came to the Institution in 1895 as an aid at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory after receiving his master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Upon Secretary Samuel P. Langley's death he had become director of the Astrophysical Observatory and in 1918 Assistant Secretary.
	www.nmnh.si.edu (66 words)

	veritas: University of Utah News Release: March 17, 2004
		The observatory will be an array of dish-shaped telescopes designed to observe extremely violent events in the universe that generate high-energy gamma rays.
		The VERITAS Collaboration includes seven institutions in the U.S.A. and three non-USA institutions (in Canada, Ireland and the U.K.); the U.S. institutions are the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Iowa State University, Purdue University, the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of Chicago, the University of Utah, and Washington University at St. Louis.
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is the lead organization and host for VERITAS, and the Project Office is at the Whipple Observatory Administrative Complex in Amado, Arizona.
	www.utah.edu /unews/releases/04/mar/veritas.html (970 words)

	Universe Today - Astronomer Fred Whipple Dies
		He went on to direct the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory from 1955 to 1973, and the Mt. Hopkins Observatory was renamed the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in 1981.
		Whipple directed the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) from 1955 to 1973, before it joined with the Harvard College Observatory to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).
		Headquartered in Cambridge, Mass., the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is a joint collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Harvard College Observatory.
	universetoday.com /am/publish/astronomer_fred_whipple_dies.html?192004 (1050 words)

	AllRefer.com - Harvard College Observatory (Astronomical Observatories) - Encyclopedia
		Harvard College Observatory, astronomical observatory located in Cambridge, Mass., operated by Harvard (Harvard College at the time of the observatory's founding in 1839).
		Among the noted directors of the observatory have been W. Bond, G. Bond, E. Pickering, and Harlow Shapley.
		In 1973 the research programs of the Harvard College Observatory were merged with those of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; the observatory itself, however, maintains its separate status under the control of Harvard.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/HarvardC.html (222 words)

	Abbreviated CV for Web - (Keith J. Rowan) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Irving K. Robbins, Observatory Director) / Student Director of the Brooklyn College Weinrich Astronomical Observatory 1984-1987, Physics Department (Prof.
		Rowan, International Astronomical Union, Harvard -Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Minor Planet Circular #37411 Jan 24, 2000.
		International Astronomical Union, Harvard -Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Minor Planet Circular # 31335, Mar 13, 1998.
	supernova7.apsc.csi.cuny.edu /Rowan.html (775 words)

	Guide to Smithsonian Institution Archives, Libraries & Special Collections
		The Einstein Observatory Data Archive consists of x-ray images obtained by the Einstein Observatory Satellite (HEAO-B).
		NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched on July 23, 1999, and carries two instruments, ACIS and HRC, providing the world with the highest spatial resolution X-ray telescope to date: about half an arcsecond.
		The SAO operates the mission under contract with NASA in its Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) which can be found on the web at: http://cxc.harvard.edu/
	www.nmnh.si.edu /naa/siasc/sao.htm (411 words)

	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a "research institute" of the Smithsonian Institution headquartered in Cambridge, MA, where it is joined with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).
		Because many of these research activities share Harvard and Smithsonian staff and resources, several of the "SAO" links at this website will take you to information posted on joint "CfA" pages.
		Current and past press releases concerning research at the SAO (and CfA)
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /sao-home.html (169 words)

	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) is the largest field installation of the Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory.
		Cost $7 per adult, 6-12 $2.50 and because of the length of the tour no one under 6 is allowed.
		The FLWO Visitor Center features displays and exhibits on astronomy and astrophysics, natural science, and cultural history.
	www.go-arizona.com /Smithsonian-Astrophysical-Observatory (331 words)

	Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		It consists of the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
		The Center is located at 60 Garden Street.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harvard-Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics (76 words)

	Bill Keel's Telescope Tourism - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Along with the MMT, the facilities operated by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics on Mt.
		The 1.5-m Tillenghast reflector, in the largest dome of the building shown above, was the backbone of the CfA redshift surveys.
		Word has it that it was built using some very creative accounting to deal with what the Smithsonian could and could not do with surplus property...
	www.astr.ua.edu /keel/telescopes/hopkins.html (236 words)

	Kurucz/Vita and Bibliography
		Presented at the workshop Precision Photometry: Astrophysics of the Galaxy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, October 3-5, 1990.
		Presented at a meeting of Commission 14 on Astrophysical Opacity at the 21st IAU General Assembly in Buenos Aires, 25 July 1991.
		Presented at the 4th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas, September 14-17, 1992, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
	kurucz.harvard.edu /vitabib.html (3318 words)

	AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Conceived in 1958, Project Celescope was an experiment undertaken by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) to study the atmospheres of the hotter stars by means of photometric measurements in those regions of the ultraviolet that are accessible only from above the earth's atmosphere.
		This record unit documents the operation of Project Celescope from its inception in 1958 until shortly before the launch of the experiment in December 1968.
		Records include correspondence, memoranda, TWX messages, contracts, invitations, bids and proposals; reports; and related materials concerning the technical development of Celescope; involvement of NASA in the project; SAO administration of the project; and the selection and work of contractors producing instruments for the project.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/5948.html (354 words)

	Additional Reading (from Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Separate histories of the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory are given, respectively, by
		Edward Charles Pickering's influence on the Harvard College Observatory is discussed in
		The CfA was created in 1973 by reorganizing the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under one director.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-93524?tocId=93524 (906 words)

	University of California Observatories
		The University of California Observatories (UCO) is a Multi-Campus Research Unit of the University of California, with headquarters at the UC Santa Cruz campus.
		UCO operates on behalf of the astronomers at all ten UC campuses and is comprised of extensive technical facilities, a business office, telescope and support facilities at the Lick Observatory on Mt Hamilton and a staff of astronomers.
		Keck Observatory: Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGS AO) was first engineered at Lick Observatory, and is now used at Keck and throughout the world.
	www.ucolick.org (594 words)

	Oscar - Organization - Virginia Institute for Theoretical Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Founded in 1985, VITA is a center for research of theoretical problems in astronomy and astrophysics with the Department of Astronomy.
		Observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have substantially increased the number of pulsars associated with wind nebulae and supernova remnants.
		Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center [hereafter CXC] Awards are issued by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [hereafter SAO] for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [....
	oscar.virginia.edu /asp/orgView.asp?txtId=15 (972 words)

	SAO Telescope Data Center
		The SAO Telescope Data Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, supports proposing, scheduling,
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is part of the
		Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
	tdc-www.harvard.edu (55 words)

	smithsonian american art
		… Smithsonian American Art Museum Research Databases 600 000 records comprising the national Inventory of American Painting and Sculpture databases, the Peter A …
		Smithsonian American Art Museum: Painting, sculpture, graphics, folk art and photography, 18th-century to present.
		The Smithsonian American Art Museum maintains a number of specialized art databases and photographic archive collections.
	muacacia.com /smithsonian-american-art.html (132 words)

	Regulatory Intelligence Data: NASA EXTENDS CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY CONTRACT WITH THE SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		NASA has extended its contract with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass.
		The contract is an 11-month period of performance extension to the Chandra X-ray Center contract, with an estimated value of $50.75 million.
		The contract extension resulted from the delay of the launch of the Chandra X-ray Observatory...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1P1:54522268&refid=ink_pub_s3 (219 words)

	The NICAP Organization (CohenUFO.org)
		Frank Halstead, astronomy, former curator Darling Observatory, University of Minnesota.
		Charles P. Oliver: President American Meteor Society, Narbeth, Pa. Professor Emeritus of Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, former director of Flower and Cook Observatory.
		Contributor to Encyclopedia Britannica and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, reports on meteors.
	www.cohenufo.org /nicap.html (1196 words)

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