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	New Scientist Movie smoking encourages kids to light up - Breaking News
		Adolescents who had never smoked were almost three times more likely to then take up the habit if they had watched films packed with smoking scenes, compared to their peers who had seen films with the least amount of on-screen smoking.
		Those in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were 2.7 times more likely to have tried a cigarette than those in the lowest quarter of exposure.
		Movies which depict smoking should be given an adult rating or "R rating" in the US, suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under 17 could not see the film without a parent.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/being-human/teenagers/dn3812 (538 words)

	Worldandnation: Study: Kids smoking like movie stars
		Many studies have linked smoking in films with increased adolescent smoking, but this is the first to assess children before they start smoking and track them over time.
		The adolescents were asked at the beginning of the study which movies they had seen from a list of 50 movies released between 1988 and 1999.
		Movies too new to be considered in the study, but nevertheless panned for content showing tobacco use associated with "toughness, sexiness, rebelliousness, wealth and power," include Chicago, with Catherine Zeta-Jones' sensual smoke habit.
	www.sptimes.com /2003/06/10/news_pf/Worldandnation/Study__Kids_smoking_l.shtml (674 words)

	American Family Physician: Adolescent exposure to smoking depicted in movies - Tips from Other Journals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Smoking in movies is not processed by the viewer as an advertisement for tobacco, however, which limits the viewers' skepticism of tobacco use.
		Adolescents who never smoked but who had higher exposure to smoking in movies developed more positive attitudes toward smoking and were at a higher risk for starting smoking compared with teenagers who had less exposure to smoking in movies.
		The study was a survey of exposure to smoking in movies among a group of New England middle-school students.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_69/ai_112915125 (739 words)

	First-Run Smoking Presentations in U.S. Movies 1999-2003
		Smoking among American adults fell by half between 1950 and 2002, yet smoking on U.S. movie screens reached historic heights in 2002, topping levels observed a half century earlier.
		To track smoking trends at the movies, previous analyses have studied the U.S. motion picture industry’s top-grossing films with the heaviest advertising support, deepest audience penetration, and highest box office earnings.4,5 This report is the first to examine the U.S. movie industry’s total output.
		Because exposure to smoking in movies accounts for more than half of smoking initiation by U.S. adolescents, we pay particular attention to smoking in movies rated G/PG and PG-13 and to the effect of the proposed R-rating for tobacco use on screen.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ctcre/tcpmus/Movies2004 (704 words)

	Stars smoking in films and TV: a 1998 report on smoking in the movies
		Smoking onscreen is on the rise after tapering off in the 1970s and 1980s, according to professor Stanton Glantz and his UCSF colleagues, who studied movie smoking from the 1960s through 2000.
		Movie actors are smoking more often in films -- with brand names prominent -- though a self- imposed ban and industry lawsuit settlements prohibit tobacco companies from paying to have their products appear in films, a new study showed.
		Among characters who smoked, 55 percent were from a lower socioeconomic class in the randomly selected movies from the 1960s, compared to 54 percent in the 1970s, 58 percent in the 1980s, and just 21 percent in the 1990s.
	www.tobaccofree.org /films.html (2270 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Study Links Youth Smoking and Smoking in Movies
		Sargent and his team studied adolescents ages 10 to 14 and found that youth had a higher risk of smoking initiation as their exposure to movie smoking increased, with those youth most exposed to movie smoking being most at risk.
		Adolescents with the greatest exposure to movie smoking were 2.6 times more likely to try smoking than their peers in the least exposed group, after controlling for other factors.
		The increased risk of smoking initiation associated with exposure to smoking in the movies was similar to that of other well-known risk factors, such as having a parent or sibling who smokes.
	www.cancer.gov /newscenter/pressreleases/TeenSmokingMovies (719 words)

	Movie Smoking Linked To Teens Trying First Cigarette
		Smoking in movies has been linked to adolescents trying their first cigarette, according to a new study by a team from Dartmouth College and Dartmouth Medical School.
		Even after considering all other factors known to influence this behavior, such as peer smoking, adolescents with the highest exposure to movie smoking were more than two and a half times as likely to take up smoking compared to those with minimal exposure.
		Based on the movies the students reported seeing and the amount of smoking in each movie, the adolescents were split into four levels of exposure to movie smoking.
	unisci.com /stories/20014/1217015.htm (581 words)

	The Smokers Club, Inc. - India Movie Smoking
		Besides the proposed ban on smoking in films, the depiction of animals in filmed entertainment, obscenity and incorrect portrayal of religius communities, women and children were also raised.
		New Delhi: Under pressure from the entertainment industry over the proposed ban on smoking scenes in films and TV serials from October 2, the government on Tuesday appeared to hint that it might be headed for dilution.
		On June 15, the government announced that smoking scenes in films and TV serials would be banned from October 2, though it said that exceptions would be made in case of situations such as treatment of historical personality, historical period and social messaging against smoking itself.
	www.smokersclubinc.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1600 (4736 words)

	Best Comeback Oscar: Movie Smoking
		Movie portrayals of smoking dropped by more than half by the early 1980s.
		The researchers also note that in 1989, the tobacco industry denied that it was encouraging smoking in the movies and pledged to end product placement in films.
		Give an "R" rating to movies that show smoking unless it's a historical portrayal or unless it shows smoking to be harmful.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/82/97494.htm?z=1728_00000_1000_nb_03 (504 words)

	Dartmouth Medical School - Adolescents Who Watch Smoking in Movies are More Likely to Try Smoking
		Based on the movies each participant had seen and the amount of smoking in each movie, the adolescents were split into four levels of exposure to movie smoking.
		Researchers then examined risk for adolescent smoking, comparing adolescents in the higher movie smoking categories with the lowest category and controlling factors known to be linked with adolescent smoking, like peer and parent smoking.
		The data in that research showed that exposure to smoking in movies had a similar impact on first-time cigarette smoking, but the children interviewed for that study were predominantly Caucasians living in mostly rural areas, and so the results could not be applied to the rest of the country.
	dms.dartmouth.edu /news/2005_h2/07nov2005_sargent.shtml (1063 words)

	Anti-Smoking Movie Campaign
		The slides' message to teenagers -- that smoking makes you smell bad and hurts your popularity -- is intended to inoculate youths against the depictions of tobacco use in movies as cool, stylish and a risk-free behavior.
		Those studies demonstrated that anti-smoking messages delivered prior to a movie "inoculated" teens against positive portrayals of tobacco use.
		Many experts believe movies, TV and music videos that show tobacco use in a positive light -- connecting it to wealth, power and success -- act to clinch many teens' decision to light up a cigarette or cigar.
	www.applesforhealth.com /antismoke2.html (197 words)

	Indictments Sought Over Smoking in Movies [05/12/98] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Movie goers see a product, often with a familiar name or logo, being used by people they regard as role models in situations deliberately designed to be especially stimulating and exciting.
		Smoking tobacco cigarettes creates a tolerance for inhaling smoke generally, and makes children far more receptive to the smoking of marijuana; the first puff of a marijuana cigarette is reportedly very rough and harsh for anyone not already accustomed to smoking tobacco.
		Similar letters can also easily be sent to major movie studios, and to CBS and PBS, asking them to deny in writing, and under the penalties for lying in an official investigation, whether they or any of their agents or employees has accepted such payments of money or other things of value from cigarette manufacturers.
	www.no-smoking.org /may98/05-12-98-1.html (5765 words)

	'R' rating urged for movie smoking / Tobacco foe says films where characters light up should be branded (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A new report co-written by a University of California at San Francisco professor of medicine recommends that a movie that depicts smoking or other tobacco use be given an "R" rating from the Motion Picture Association of America as a means of combatting evidence that smoking in movies leads to teenagers who smoke.
		Depictions of smoking in movies have been steadily increasing, with nearly 85 percent of the top 25 highest-grossing movies released from 1988 to 1997 showing tobacco use, according to a study released in 2001 by Dartmouth Medical School.
		Teenagers who don't smoke but see their favorite actors frequently smoke on screen are 16 times more likely to have positive attitudes toward smoking in the future, according to the report.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/03/13/MN22992.DTL (539 words)

	Reason
		Last night I watched Backdraft, the 1991 Ron Howard movie that was condemned by anti-smoking activists for showing firefighters with cigarettes in their mouths.
		There's an obvious irony when smoke inhalation is both an occupational hazard and a way of unwinding, when men who fight fire also like to play with it.
		In interviews conducted 13 to 26 months later, 10 percent of the kids said they had tried cigarettes, and the ones with the highest "movie smoking exposure" were the most likely to have done so.
	www.reason.com /links/links061603.shtml (694 words)

	Favorite Movie Stars Influence Teen Smoking
		The adolescents were asked to name their favorite movie stars in the first interview, and researchers reviewed the films the stars appeared in from 1994 to 1996.
		The stars were considered as smoking on screen if he or she smoked in two or more separate movies during the three-year period.
		The effect of smoking movie stars on girls remained significant after controlling for other predictors of smoking, such as peer smoking, tobacco advertising, and parental disapproval of smoking.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/89/100346.htm (574 words)

	Smoking article - Smoking tobacco tobacco smoking cannabis hashish cocaine heroin methamphetamine - What-Means.com
		For information about other substances that can be smoked, see cannabis, hashish, cocaine, DMT, heroin, PCP, and methamphetamine.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
		Smoking article - Smoking definition - what means Smoking
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Smoking (125 words)

	EDITORIAL: Anti-smoking David takes on movie Goliath
		Smoking by leading actors and positively portraying cigarette brands helps push young moviegoers toward smoking and the not-so-glamorous possibilities of a life shortened by lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
		Not every teen who watches movies starts smoking, but the Dartmouth Medical School study shows that smoking on the big screen is the No. 1 factor leading nonsmoking teens to light up (see story).
		However, with research showing such a direct connection between smoking on the big screen and hooking teenagers on a harmful habit, it is more than reasonable to hold the industry accountable for the increasing depiction of smoking in movies aimed at the teen audience.
	ncronline.org /NCR_Online/archives2/2004a/020604/020604o.htm (492 words)

	On screen smoking by movie stars leads young teens to smoke
		Teenage girls who have never smoked, never even puffed on a cigarette, are far more likely to start smoking if their favorite movie star smokes in movies, according to a 3-year study published in the July issue of the American Journal of Public Health, the most-cited public health journal.
		Still, girls whose favorite star smoked on-screen were 80 percent more likely to smoke by the time of the follow-up interview than their counterparts whose favorite star did not smoke on-screen.
		"This raises the question of who is responsible for the recent increases in smoking in the movies, and, particularly in light of these new study results, what actions might be necessary to discourage it in the future," he said.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=10109 (870 words)

	ACSH > News >
		Seeing their favorite stars smoking in movies is an important factor in getting young people to start smoking, according to a recent study in the medical journal, The Lancet.
		The participants' rates of starting smoking were correlated with their exposure to scenes of smoking in a sample of movies.
		The incidence of smoking in movies has accelerated during the past decade, completely the opposite of the real-world trend in the United States, where smoking rates have shown a slow, but steady decline.
	www.acsh.org /news/newsID.172/news_detail.asp (760 words)

	Show a puff, get an 'R' / Tobacco foes want movie ratings to include smoking
		A new study co-authored by a University of California at San Francisco professor of medicine recommends that a movie that depicts smoking or other tobacco use be given an "R" rating from the Motion Picture Association of America as a means of combatting evidence that smoking in movies leads to teenagers who smoke.
		The depictions of smoking in movies has a direct correlation with teenagers who start smoking, according to the study.
		Teens who don't smoke but see their favorite actors frequently smoke on screen are 16 times more likely to have positive attitudes toward smoking in the future, according to the report.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/03/12/MN135752.DTL (766 words)

	Movies heavily shape teen smoking - Addictions - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The study, described as the first national look at the influence of movie smoking on youths, urged Hollywood to cut back on depictions of smoking or shots of cigarette brands.
		Even after considering other factors known to influence smoking, the study found that adolescents with the highest exposure to movie smoking were 2.6 times more likely to try it compared to those with the lowest exposure.
		"Part of the reason that exposure to movie smoking has such a considerable impact on adolescent smoking is because it is a very strong social influence on kids ages 10-14," said James Sargent, a pediatrics professor at the school and lead author of the study.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9949432 (562 words)

	Health Beat: Movie smoking hooks teens, experts say
		Characters smoke in more than two-thirds of youth-rated movies released in 2002 (movies rated G, PG and PG-13), according to a survey by Dr. Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine, and analyst Karen Kacirk.
		Husten said movies subtly suggest, especially to the young, that smoking is normal.
		Smoking’s persistence, Husten said, is aided by a key misunderstanding.
	ncronline.org /NCR_Online/archives2/2004a/020604/020604a.php (2265 words)

	National Catholic Reporter: Movie smoking hooks teens, experts say.(Health ... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Watching popular movies is the No. 1 factor leading nonsmoking teens to light up, say researchers from New Hampshire's Dartmouth Medical School in a landmark 2003 study published in The Lancet.
		"Smoking in movies is having a major effect on health," concluded The Lancet editorial accompanying their findings.
		Along with smoking, clearly visible tobacco brand names in movies are a major issue with anti-smoking advocates.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:113338216&refid=holomed_1 (2258 words)

	Zap2it.com - Movie news - Smoking No Longer Glamorous
		In a letter to Jack Valenti, president of the Motion Picture Association of America, 24 attorney generals urge him to persuade the industry to reduce the appeal of cigarettes to teenagers, according to the AP.
		The letter cited a study conducted at Dartmouth Medical School that suggests non-smoking children are influenced by screen idols seen smoking in films.
		The study concluded: "If the link between exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation proves to be causal, our data suggest that eliminating adolescents' exposure to movie smoking could reduce smoking initiation by half."
	www.zap2it.com /movies/news/story/0,1259,---18455,00.html (164 words)

	ASH Australia information educators teachers tobacco smoking
		NSW high school kids are smoking a staggering 100 million cigarettes a year.
		Surge in smoking by pre-teen girls needs to be countered by stronger measures.
		Don't be fooled by a school resource on smoking commissioned by the world's largest tobacco company.
	www.ashaust.org.au /lv3/Lv3informationeducators.htm (702 words)

	Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels Movie Review by Anthony Leong
		The result was one of the United Kingdom's domestic success stories of 1998, a film whose box office take vastly outdistanced its measly $2 million budget and earned itself several 'film of the year' honors.
		Now, "Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels" has skipped across the pond to delight North American audiences with its flashy style and nasty streak of fl humor.
		As the film's various story threads converge to a very satisfying conclusion, there will be a lot of unexpected plot twists, violent spats, and hilariously preposterous situations.
	www.mediacircus.net /lock.html (695 words)

	OOFnet - Cinema - Lock, Stock & Two Smoking Barrels - Movie Reviews
		This movie was ultraviolent fl-comedy of errors featuring an assortment of british criminal lowlifes.
		I understand it was quite popular in the UK and inspired the movie _Snatch_ a few years later.
		Irreverent Brit comedy of errors "Lock, Stock and 2 Smoking Barrels" begs the obvious comparisons to Quentin Tarantino's ouvre, but stands on its own quite ably as a stylish, exciting display of virtuosic directing and wicked humor.
	www.oofnet.com /cinema/film/1520 (409 words)

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