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Topic: Smolensk War

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	Smolensk War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Smolensk War was a conflict fought in the years 1632 - 1634 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy.
		The war ended soon afterwards with the Treaty of PolanÃ³w signed in May of 1634.
		The treaty ended the almost unbroken series of wars that the Commonwealth waged with its neighbours since the start of the 17th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smolensk_War (294 words)

	Smolensk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smolensk (Russian: Ð¡Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÐº;, Belarusian: Ð¡Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÐº) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54.79Â° N 32.05Â° E, administrative center of Smolensk Oblast.
		Smolensk has been a special place to Russians for many reasons, not least for the fact that the local cathedral housed one of the most venerated Orthodox icons, attributed to St Luke.
		During the WWII Smolensk was again chosen by history as a stage for one of its greater battles, the Battle of Smolensk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smolensk (790 words)

	Smolensk biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smolensk (Смоленск) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54.79° North, 32.05° East, administrative center of Smolensk Oblast.
		According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, Smolensk was the capital of the Slavic krivichs tribe in 882 when it was captured by Prince Oleg of Novgorod.
		During the WWII Smolensk was again chosen by history as a stage for one of its greater battles.
	smolensk.biography.ms (678 words)

	History of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By the middle of 1915 the impact of the war was demoralizing.
		As Russia was bogged down in civil war, the frontiers between Poland and Russia were not clearly defined by the postwar Treaty of Versailles and were further rendered chaotic by the civil war.
		The Polish-Soviet War (1919â“1921), which was started by Russia, and which also intended to create a bridge to the budding German commnuist revolution, ended with the defeat of the Red Army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Russia (11078 words)

	Eastern Front (WWII) - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Russia, the war is referred to as the Great Patriotic War ( Великая Отечественная Война, Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna in Russian), a name which alludes to the Russo – Napoleonic Patriotic War on Russian soil in 1812.
		With the capture of Smolensk and the advance to the Luga river, Army Groups Centre and North had completed their first major campaign, that is to say get across and hold the 'land bridge' between the Dvina and Dniepr.
		The war on the Eastern Front was unparalleled for its ferocity, intensity, and brutality.
	www.free-definition.com /Great-Patriotic-War.html (4953 words)

	Smolensk - Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smolensk (Смоленск) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54.79° North, 32.05° East ( The World Gazetteer), administrative center of Smolensk Oblast.
		In the neighbouring Katyn forest the center for the extermination of their "enemies" is established.
		For its heroism during the battle of Smolensk, the city is later awarded the title Hero City.
	www.greatestinfo.org /Smolensk (358 words)

	Smolensk : Battle of Smolensk : Napoleonic Wars : Invasion of Russia 1812 : Bonaparte
		Smolensk : Battle of Smolensk : Napoleonic Wars : Invasion of Russia 1812 : Bonaparte
		The battle of Smolensk was the first time since invading Russia that Napoleon Bonaparte had an opportunity to fight the defending armies.
		The first skirmishes between the armies occurred on the 16th, but the main battle began the next day and brought about difficult street fighting in the suburbs of the city.
	www.napoleonguide.com /battle_smolensk.htm (123 words)

	Total War Playtest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smolensk is captured in a risky 2:1 battle which forces the occupants to retreat.
		On the other side of the Smolensk land bridge, several divisions have converged around Gomel to be used to harass the enemy's flank.
		In the regions west of Smolensk and the Valdai Hills, deep reserves were brought forward while units closer to the front lines began an orgy of destruction on bridges and rail lines.
	stratagamers.kenware.com /TW.htm (3211 words)

	SparkNotes: War and Peace: Book Ten
		She has only a vague understanding of the wars, and fears for her brotherâs life.
		The governorâs official report claims that Smolensk is safe, but, off the record, the governor recommends that the Bolkonskis go to Moscow.
		However, the princeâs growing irritability during the war years shows that he is not at peace with himself.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/warandpeace/section6.rhtml (1947 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 17
		West of Smolensk, and on either side of the road to Vitebsk, the staff of the army group was situated together with the Air Force corps, that is south of Krasnibor.
		It says here that in Smolensk the Einsatzgruppe "B" was located, consisting of Special Commands 7a, 7b, 8, and 9; and in addition to this, there was already located in Smolensk a special command, which had been rather prematurely named "Moscow" by its organizers.
		war was an impossibility and could not be carried out, with regard to the discipline of the troops.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/07-01-46.htm (19733 words)

	Katyn Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many Poles had become prisoners of war following the invasion and defeat of Poland by the Nazis and the Soviet Union in September 1939.
		Earle was reassigned and spent the rest of the war in American Samoa.
		For example, in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s, plans for a memorial to the victims bearing the date 1940 (rather 1941) were condemned as provocative in the political climate of the Cold War.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/Katyn_massacre (1296 words)

	The History Channel - World War II
		Stalin came to the meeting as a victorious war leader; large quantities of U.S. lend-lease aid were flowing into the Soviet Union through Murmansk and the Persian Gulf; and the decision on Overlord satisfied the long-standing Soviet demand for a second front.
		Stalin had severed relations with the Polish exile government in London, and he insisted at Tehran, as he had before, that the postwar Soviet-Polish boundary would have to be the one established after the Polish defeat in 1939.
		Hitler expected an invasion of northwestern Europe in the spring of 1944, and he welcomed it as a chance to win the war.
	www.historychannel.com /worldwartwo/?page=triumph (1352 words)

	History of Belarus (Great Litva)
		By the end of Second Northern War the region of Prussia, Poland and GDL (Belarus and all Baltic states) was so demolished that for about 100 years culture and civilization was pretty much suspended here.
		Proclamation (in Smolensk!) of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) with its capital in Minsk.
		Belarusian Nazi during the World War II and their work for the Cold War based on "Belarus Secret" by John Loftus.
	www.belarusguide.com /as/history/history.html (2512 words)

	JRL #7162 - Russian Archives, Smolensk Archive, Russian Ark, Soccer, Putin's Standoff with US, Leon Aron/ ...
		The odyssey of the Smolensk Archive is a fascinating study in the interconnection of politics, scholarship, and military history.
		Discovered by German intelligence officers after the capture of Smolensk in July 1941, the archive was soon recognized as valuable fodder for anti-communist pro-paganda and eventually shipped westward apparently for use by Nazi ideologists at their anti-Bolshevik re-search center in Silesia.
		When the war in Iraq is over, the authorwarned, Russia will again face in the EU a heavily bureaucratized colossus, "unable to compromise." [53] After Washington chose China, not Russia, as its chief mediator with North Korea, Andrei Piontkovsky of Moscow's Center for Strategic Studies said, "We are losing our positions in Asia because of.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/7162.htm (9102 words)


		Smolensk August 16th, 1812 - Neys advance guard reaches the walls of Smolensk in the afternoon of the 16th of August.
		In wargaming terms this is described as the period from the battle of Valmy in 1792 to the battle of Waterloo in 1815 (and this is also the name of the rule set currently most popular in the club - from Valmy to Waterloo, hereafter referred to as FVTW).
		My original interest was in the Peninsular War so I collected French and British of the middle of the period (around 1810).
	www.meramic.com /omg/news/march1998/newsmarch1998.html (2196 words)

	Chapter Chapter 16 of War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
		The French army went on melting away and disappearing in the same ratio from Moscow to Vyazma, from Vyazma to Smolensk, from Smolensk to the Berezina, from the Berezina to Vilna, apart from the greater or less degree of cold, the pursuit and barring of the way, and all other conditions taken separately.
		This state of things is growing continually worse, and if steps are not quickly taken for averting the danger, we shall be exposed to the risk of being unable to control the army in the event of a battle.
		After struggling into Smolensk, the promised land of their dreams, the French killed one another fighting over the food there, sacked their own stores, and when everything had been pillaged, they ran on further.
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/52/96/19465/1.html (609 words)

	Russian Army in the 17th Century
		During the war with Poland it was a base for the main Russian field army's operations in Belorussia.
		During the 1632-34 war a total of ten new regiments (8 Infantry, 1 Reiter and 1 Dragoon) were formed; however, after the war they were disbanded.
		During wars of 1654-67, the Russian Reiters used a translation of the Dutch reiter regulations adopted in 1650.
	www.northernwars.com /RusArm17.html (7024 words)

	The Mutiny of Generals: Russia 1812
		The headquarters was set up at the Smolensk Governor’s house in the St. Petersburg suburb (outside the city walls) on the right bank of the Dnieper.
		Vorontsov, The Patriotic War of 1812 in Smolensk Gubernya, 75.
		Vorontsov, The Patriotic War in Smolensk Gubernya, 79.
	www.napoleon-series.org /military/battles/c_mutiny1.html (1709 words)

	Smolensk -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Interior of the Cathedral of the Assumption, Smolensk, Russia
		Smolensk is one of the oldest and most historic of Russian cities, dating back to the 9th century, but the ravages of war (particularly World War II) have left few of its ancient churches and other buildings extant.
		Lissitzky, El (1890–1941), Russian painter, typographer, and designer, born in Smolensk; appointed teacher 1919 by Marc Chagall at revolutionary school of art in Vitebsk; series of abstract geometric paintings...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9068329 (459 words)

	COURTTV.COM- TRIALS
		I lived in the city of Smolensk and was professor first at the Smolensk University and then of the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute, and at the same time I was director of the Smolensk Astronomical Observatory.
		BAZILEVSKY: In the camp for Russian prisoners of war known "Gulag 126" there prevailed such a severe regime that prisoners war were dying by the hundreds every day; for this reason I tried to free all those from this camp for whose release a reason could be given.
		BAZILEVSKY: Before the occupation of the Smolensk district by the German troops, the entire area, as I already stated, was not surrounded by any barrier; but according to hearsay I knew that after the occupation access to this wood was prohibited by the German local command.
	www.courttv.com /archive/casefiles/nuremberg/katyn.html (18575 words)

	Military history of Renaissance Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A naval war for the control of the Narva trade.
		war ended with the attention of both countries turned to.Muscovy.
		of the Smolensk garrison in 1609-11, with 25-32,000 men.
	www.thewartourist.com /files/russia/poland20020402.htm (1544 words)

	World War II -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the Dutch sedulously maintained their neutrality, although their sympathies lay overwhelmingly with the Allied powers.
		The war began in Europe in 1939, but by its end in 1945 it had involved...
		Details the history of World War II in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines the role of the U.S. Army in the conflict.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article?tocId=210423 (882 words)

	U.S. Department of State Media Note: Return of Smolensk Archive
		At a ceremony in Moscow today, the United States returned to Russia the archive in its possession of the Smolensk Oblast Committee of the All-Union Communist Party.
		The Germans took a small portion of the archive to Bavaria, where it came into the possession of U.S. Forces at the end of the war.
		The return of the Smolensk Archive is part of the U.S. Government's effort to resolve outstanding disputes over cultural property from the World War II era.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2002/15942.htm (420 words)

	The South was Not Responsible for Slavery [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the war ended,the former slaves were faced with food shortages that were just as dire as those faced by their former owners.
		That is why 700,000 soldiers died in the Civil War along with untold pain, suffering, and loss of property.
		"Slavery is likely to be abolished by the war power and this I and my friends are in favor of, for slavery is but the owning of labor and carries with it the care of the laborers, while the European plan, led on by England, is that capital shall control labor by controlling wages.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b87f9f2300f.htm (8203 words)

	HPS Simulations: Free Files To Download
		Smolensk '41 Expansion Pack 1 includes 10 new scenarios available for download.
		U.S. War Department "Handbook On German Military Forces" chapter on German Tactics.
		Late war US and German TO and E's for use in PitS by Carl Fung.
	www.hpssims.com /Pages/FreeFiles/List_of_all_download_files.htm (1046 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smolensk (Russian: Смоленск; Polish Smoleńsk) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54.79° North, 32.05° East, administrative center of Smolensk Oblast.
		To recapture the city, Muscovy launched the so-called "Smolensk War" against the Commonwealth in 1632.
		[ Homepage of the Smolensk fortress ] (in Russian)
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Smolensk (758 words)

	HPS Simulations: "What's New" Archives
		The War of 1812: The Conquest of Canada
		Smolensk '41 Expansion Pack 1 has been updated to 1.04 standards and a scenario revision.
		The Campaign 1776 Expansion Pack 1 which includes a new campaign covering the full Saratoga campaign from the opening face-off at Fort Ticonderoga through the battles of Hubardton and Bennington to the Saratoga battlefield.
	www.hpssims.com /Pages/Whatsnew/Whats_New_Archives.htm (641 words)

	[No title]
		Covers the complex fighting in the Smolensk region from the crossing of the Dnepr River by German Army Group Center’s forces to Hitler’s decision to postpone the Wehrmacht’s offensive against Moscow, and instead unleash Guderian’s Second Panzer Group against Red Army forces defending Kiev.
		Includes unprecedented details on Soviet offensive actions at Lepel’, Zhlobin, Bobruisk, Smolensk, Dukhovshchina, El’nia, and Novozybkov, and Germans offensive operations around Smolensk, at Velikie Luki and Toropets, including Guderian’s famous southward turn.
		Serves as a companion narrative to the Atlas of the Battle of Smolensk.
	mastereuropa.com /studies4.html (480 words)

	Computer Games - wargames - Net Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Just a preview of what John Tiller has done with the Revolutionary War.
		Arguably the kings of computer war gaming, with the Steel Panthers series, Panzer General, and more.
		Jagged Alliance, Operational Art of War, East Front II, Battle of Britain and much more.
	www.generalissue.com /cmpgm.htm (521 words)

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