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Topic: Smooth ER

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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	Cells and Organelles
		This is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER for short) and its central space or lumen is a continuation of the lumen between the membranes of the nuclear envelope.
		Smooth ER is a transition area where chemicals like proteins the cell has manufactured are stored in the lumen for transportation elsewhere in the cell.
		Rough ER and its associated ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, with the new polypeptide being threaded into the lumen of the ER as it is formed.
	www.biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/cells.htm (1054 words)

	Endoplasmic reticulum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prokaryotic organisms do not have organelles and thus do not have an ER and other integral membrane proteins) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or "exocytosed" from the cell (e.g.
		The Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it as the Rough ER does.
		Correct folding of newly made proteins is made possible by several ER proteins including: PDI, Hsp70 family, calnexin, calreticulin, and the peptidylpropyl isomerase family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum (331 words)

	Cells and Organelles
		This is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER for short) and its central space or lumen is a continuation of the lumen between the membranes of the nuclear envelope.
		Smooth ER is a transition area where chemicals like proteins the cell has manufactured are stored in the lumen for transportation elsewhere in the cell.
		Rough ER and its associated ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, with the new polypeptide being threaded into the lumen of the ER as it is formed.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/cells.htm (1054 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The membranes of the ER surround an inner cavity, the lumen.
		The basic funtion of ER is transport, proteins produced by the ribosomes are transported to regions of the cell where they are need or they are transported to the Golgi body for export from the cell.
		Smooth ER is associated with regions of the cytoplasm involved in detoxification of poisons and lipid synthesis.
	www.winterwren.com /apbio/cellorganelles/er.html (276 words)

	ER Readings 421
		The ER thereby isolates synthesized material from the rest of the cytoplasm, permits further assembly of peptides into larger molecules, and conveys the material by means of transport vesicles to the Golgi complex where further synthesis and processing occur.
		In striated muscle, smooth ER is distinctively organized as the sarcoplasmic reticulum whose functions include delivering high concentrations of Ca++ and other ions to critical places in the sarcomere for muscular contraction and relaxation.
		Smooth ER in megakaryocytes delimits platelet zones in the cytoplasm and, by fusing, frees platelets from the megakaryocyte.
	www.bio.utk.edu /kennedy/ERreadings421.htm (2365 words)

	smooth er function4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		FUNCTION OF The smooth ER has many functions, however it is not involved with the protein synthesis of the rough ER.
		The smooth ER can also detoxify the cell of any poisons or drugs that may harm it.
		Also, the smooth ER can be used as storage.
	www.seorf.ohiou.edu /~tstork/compass.rose/cell.03/er/smooth_er_function4.html (77 words)

	Endoplasmic reticulum - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		In cell biology, the endoplasmic reticulum or ER (endoplasmic means "within the cytoplasm", reticulum means "little net") is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells.
		The ER modifies proteins, produces macromolecules, and transfers substances to the Golgi apparatus.
		It takes part in the synthesis of various lipids (e.g., for building membranes such as phospholipids), fatty acids and steroids (e.g., hormones), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and calcium storage.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /e/en/endoplasmic_reticulum.html (603 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Smooth ER tends to be more of the tubular form and, of course, lacks ribosomes.
		While smooth and rough ER are generally described separately, it is important to remember that in the cell they are interconnected and one is derived from the other.
		Smooth ER is not involved in protein synthesis.
	www.bethel.edu /~dcranksh/Bio341/ER_L14.doc (3570 words)

	Plant Cell
		ER can be classified as rough ER, when ribosomes are attached to the cytosolic side of the membrane, or smooth ER when no ribosomes are present.
		The main function of rough ER is the seperation of proteins destined for export from the cell or for intracellular use.
		Smooth ER allows the cell a certain ability to perform a variety of specialized functions.
	www.harweb.com /cell/plant.htm (1718 words)

	The Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The ER membrane typically makes up more than half of the total membrane in the cell and is located between the nucleus and the cytosol and specifically the golgi apparatus.
		This means that there is 2 membranes between the nucleus and the Golgi Apparatus, the outside ER membrane and the nuclear membrane (This is because the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane).
		Rough ER: Is associated with ribosomes (the dots on its boundaries) and the membranes tend to be in 'sheets' or flatten sacs called cisternae.
	ccgb.umn.edu /~mwd/cell_www/chapter2/ER.html (237 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Smooth ER is also important clinically as it has a role in the break down of drugs and medicines in the liver.
		It is known from experiments that the amount of smooth ER present in the liver increases in response to the administration of certain drugs such as phenobarbitones.
		Smooth ER has a third important role connected with calcium storage in muscle cells which has an affect on muscular contraction and hence body movements.
	www.jdaross.mcmail.com /endopl~1.htm (478 words)

	Endoplasmic reticulum Summary
		The basic structure and composition of the ER is similar to the plasma membrane, although it is actually an extension of the nuclear membrane.
		The ER is the site of the translation, folding, and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or "exocytosed" from the cell (e.g., digestive enzymes).
		Parts of the ER membrane are continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, and the cisternal space of the ER is continuous with the space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope (the intermembrane space).
	www.bookrags.com /Endoplasmic_reticulum (966 words)

	Cancerquest Dictionary
		The ER membrane is an extension of the outer nuclear membrane.
		Rough ER (RER): the portion closer to the nucleus.
		Smooth ER (SER): this portion of the ER appears smooth and is devoid of ribosomes.
	www.cancerquest.org /dictionary.cfm?lookup_id=ER (165 words)

	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
		Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in a variety of cell types and it serves different functions in each.
		In the case of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, the vesicles and tubules serve as a store of calcium which is released as one step in the contraction process.
		The smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves to metabolize glycogen (which are deposited as fl rosettes over the area), and it contains enzymes needed to detoxify drugs.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/ser.htm (251 words)

	Cell (biology) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The rough ER is labeled as such because it has ribosomes adhering to its outer surface, whereas the smooth ER does not.
		Smooth ER (An organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; ribosomes attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when a ribosome reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecu) Ribosomes
		Rough ER Smooth ER (An organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; ribosomes attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when a ribosome reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecu) Ribosomes
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/cell_(biology).htm (4863 words)

	The British Society for Cell Biology - Endoplasmic Reticulum
		It is 'smooth' because it is not studded with ribosomes and is associated with smooth slippery fats.
		Smooth ER is devoted almost exclusively to the manufacture of lipids and in some cases to the metabolism of them and associated products.
		Large amounts of smooth ER are found in liver cells where one of its main functions is to detoxify products of natural metabolism and to endeavour to detoxify overloads of ethanol derived from excess alcoholic drinking and also barbiturates from drug overdose.
	www.kcl.ac.uk /kis/schools/life_sciences/biomed/bscb/softcell/er.html (1167 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Smooth ER has its name simply beacuse its cytoplasmic surface does not contain ribosomes.
		The smooth ER of various cell types functions in diverse metabolic processes, including the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and other poisons.
		Enzymes in the smooth ER are important to the synthesis of fats, phospolipids, steroids, and other lipids.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~dpower/cell/er.htm (241 words)

	Functions of Smooth ER - 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Smooth ER also functions in storage and release of calcium ions during muscle contraction.
		The ER membrane pumps calcium ions from the cytosol into the cisternal space.
		When a muscle cell is stimulated by a nerve impulse, calcium rushes back across the ER membrane into the cytosol and triggers contraction of the muscle cell.
	www.heathwood.org /science/apb07jhm/sld033.htm (54 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Because the ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope, the space between the two membranes of the envelope is continuous with the cisternal space of the ER.
		The smooth ER of various cell types functions in diverse metabolic processes, including the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and other poisons.
		Enzymes in the smooth ER are important to the synthesis of fats, phospolipids, steroids, and other lipids.
	www.cdli.ca /~dpower/cell/er.htm (241 words)

	CELLS
		The tubules and sacs of which it consists are separate from the cytosol and continuous with the space in between the two layers of the nuclear envelope.
		Smooth ER functions in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and other poisons.
		Smooth ER attaches hydroxyl groups to toxins, making them more soluble and easy to flush out.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/bisc206/cells.html (860 words)

	Smooth Muscle
		Smooth muscle cells can be distinguished from connective tissue by their organized appearance.
		Smooth muscle cells have a region around the nucleus that is filled with some smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lots of mitochondria.
		Smooth muscle cells are unique in that they produce the components of their extracellular matrix.
	www.cytochemistry.net /microanatomy/muscle/smooth_muscle_2001.htm (1729 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum
		A series of membrane bound chambers within a cell which plays an important part in the synthesis of lipids and proteins which are destined to be inserted in the cell membrane.
		Rough ER is the site of manufacture of secretory proteins as well as proteins destined to be inserted in the cell membrane.
		The proteins made in the ER are packaged into vesicles and passed on the Golgi complex for further processing.
	www.historyoftheuniverse.com /er.html (273 words)

	Caveolin-1 Is a Negative Regulator of Caveolae-mediated Endocytosis to the Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Le et al. 277 (5): ...
		in endosomes and in the ER, and caveolin expression at the plasma
		ER is therefore not a consequence of increased receptor expression
		inhibiting the caveolae-like pathway of bAMF to the ER.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/5/3371 (5622 words)

	CELLS alive!
		The ER membrane is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane and its function suggests just how complex and organized the eucaryotic cell really is.
		The rough ER appears rough due to the presence of ribosomes on the membrane surface.
		Smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins.
	www.cellsalive.com /cells/er.htm (194 words)

	Jessica's Lesson Plan
		Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
		smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane).
		It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes.
	homepages.wmich.edu /~j3jarret/vocab.html (1107 words)

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