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Topic: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Biological cell

Plasma membrane

Cell (biology)

Vesicle

Ribosome

Nucleolus

Cell wall

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Cell nucleus

Vacuole

Chloroplast

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	Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In striated muscles, which you use for lifting objects, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the conduction of contracting impulses from the surface membrane of the cell into the depths of the muscle cell filled with muscle filaments, which are the basis for muscle contraction.
		The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes membrane phospholipids which go inward from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear membrane to replace it, or outward to form the golgi complex, lysosomes, and the cell membrane.
		This is a diagram of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
	sun.menloschool.org /~cweaver/cells/e/smooth_er (340 words)

	Endoplasmic reticulum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The endoplasmic reticulum consists of an extensive membrane network of tubes and cisternae (sac-like structures) held together by the cytoskeleton.
		Parts of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane are continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, and the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope (the intermembrane space).
		Rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nuclear envelope as well as linked to the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by vesicles that shuttle between the two compartments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum (852 words)

	synapses.bu.edu
		The 80% of neocortical spines with endoplasmic reticulum is in contrast to the less than 25% of spines of hippocampal area CA1 that contain any endoplasmic reticulum (Cooney et al., 2002).
		The endoplasmic reticulum in Purkinje dendritic spines appears to have a role in generating a synapse-specific eligibility trace for temporally-delayed learning (Fiala et al., 1996).
		The absence of endoplasmic reticulum from thin spines in hippocampus suggests that this organelle may not have a prominent role in synapse-specific potentiation of silent synapses.
	synapses.bu.edu /index_may2006.htm (1023 words)

	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in a variety of cell types and it serves different functions in each.
		In the case of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, the vesicles and tubules serve as a store of calcium which is released as one step in the contraction process.
		The smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves to metabolize glycogen (which are deposited as fl rosettes over the area), and it contains enzymes needed to detoxify drugs.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/ser.htm (251 words)

	Smooth Muscle
		Smooth muscle cells can be distinguished from connective tissue by their organized appearance.
		Smooth muscle cells have a region around the nucleus that is filled with some smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lots of mitochondria.
		Smooth muscle cells are unique in that they produce the components of their extracellular matrix.
	www.cytochemistry.net /microanatomy/muscle/smooth_muscle_2001.htm (1729 words)

	CELLS alive!
		The rough ER appears rough due to the presence of ribosomes on the membrane surface.
		Smooth and Rough ER also have different functions.
		Smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins.
	www.cellsalive.com /cells/er.htm (194 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous labyrinth so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells.
		The word endoplasmic means "within" the cytoplasm, and the word reticulum is derived from a word meaning "network." The ER consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae.
		The smooth ER of various cell types functions in diverse metabolic processes, including the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and other poisons.
	www.cdli.ca /~dpower/cell/er.htm (241 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of folded membranes that form channels.
		All eukaryotic cells have endoplasmic reticulum except the red blood cells of mammals.
		The membranes of the ER are concentrated in the inner region of the cell, the endoplasmic region.
	sln.fi.edu /qa97/biology/cells/cell5.html (353 words)

	Histology-World! Histology Test Bank-Cells 1a
		Lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are all membranous organelles.
		When the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins produced by the ribosomes are exported.
		The role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is lipid metabolism.
	www.histology-world.com /testbank/cell1a.htm (535 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum
		Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules, vesicles and sacs that are interconnected.
		Rough endoplasmic reticulum bears the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
		Rough endoplasmic reticulum forms a branched reticulum that expands as the cell becomes more active in protein synthesis.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/rer1.htm (837 words)

	[No title]
		The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous network of parallel membranes within the cytosol of the cell.
		Smooth ER is also important clinically as it has a role in the break down of drugs and medicines in the liver.
		Rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because it has a granular appearance due to the abundant presence of tiny organelles called ribosomes which comprise of protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
	www.jdaross.cwc.net /endopl~1.htm (478 words)

	Three-dimensional visualization of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in Purkinje cell dendrites.
		The three-dimensional organization of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in Purkinje cell dendrites in the chick cerebellum was investigated to assess the connectivity between its various components.
		Several distinct morphological domains of endoplasmic reticulum were noted, including the hypolemmal cisternae, the endomembranes associated with the dendritic spines, and the tubular and cisternal endoplasmic reticulum in the dendritic shaft.
		The results of this study strongly suggest that the endoplasmic reticulum forms a complicated network that may be part of a single endomembrane system within Purkinje cell dendrite.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8229189.html (270 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum \| World of Biology
		A major component of the internal membrane system of eukaroytic cells (those with nuclei), the endoplasmic reticulum (or ER) is an enclosed network of membranous tubules, vesicles, and flattened cisternae (bags) extending throughout the cytoplasm of most cells.
		The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is generally made up of extensive membrane sheets, the cytoplasmic surfaces of which are studded with ribosomes that carry out synthesis of proteins to be embedded in membranes, sequestered in endomembrane compartments or exported out of the cell.
		The SER also is an major storage site for calcium, which is released to stimulate muscle contraction, enzyme action, membrane fusion, assembly of the cytoskeleton, and a host of other important reactions.
	www.bookrags.com /research/endoplasmic-reticulum-wob (288 words)

	rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The term "endo" refers to within the cytoplasm and a reticulum is a network.
		Thus the endoplasmic reticulum is a series of interconnected, intracytoplasmic, membrane bounded sacs.
		results from the presence of ribosomes that are bound to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/rougher.htm (70 words)

	Three-Dimensional Organization of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in Hippocampal CA1 Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of the ...
		Involvement of the SER and spine apparatus in endocytosis and exocytosis and synaptic remodeling
		Bundgaard M (1991) The three-dimensional organization of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in capillary endothelia: its possible role in regulation of free cytosolic calcium.
		Krijnse-Locker J, Parton RG, Fuller SD, Griffiths G, Dotti CG (1995) The organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and the intermediate compartment in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/1/190 (7232 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum
		The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is repsonible for the production of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles.
		There are two types of ER - rough, which is coated with ribosomes, and smooth, which isn't.
		The smooth ER is where the vesicles carrying newly synthesized proteins (from the rough ER) are budded off.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004535/endoplasmic_reticulum.html (127 words)

	SER smooth endoplasmic reticulum Dr.Jastrow's EM-atlas
		adrenal gland, Leydig's cells in the testis or hormone producing cells in the ovary, furthermore SER is typical for pigment epithelium of the retina.
		SER is responsible for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids.
		A continuity of smooth into rough ER is may be seen in cells of the liver.
	www.uni-mainz.de /FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMSERE.html (197 words)

	Endomembrane System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves as membraned matrix within the cell upon which many membrane proteins having enzyme activity are found.
		The Golgi is a series of discrete membranous compartments that "communicate" with the endoplasmic reticulum as well as other membranous structures including the plasma membrane.
		A membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum is shaped like an arrow with its head present in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (i.e., points toward the inside).
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol1088.htm (1400 words)

	Endoplasmic reticulum - definition from Biology-Online.org
		The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are separated by 50-200 nm and the cisternal space thus enclosed constitutes a separate compartment.
		The Golgi region is composed of flattened sacs of membrane that together with endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes constitute the gerl system.
		smooth endoplasmic reticulum bears no ribosomes, while rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) bears ribosomes, due to its rough looking nature this is why it is called RER.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Endoplasmic_reticulum (204 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum
		The endoplasmic reticulum is an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles (small transport vehicles for the protein), and sacs that surrounds part of the nucleus and is spread out in sheets throughout the cell.
		The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into two distinct parts: the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
		The reticulum is a fundamental distinction between eukaryotes and their prokaryote predecessors.
	www.seorf.ohiou.edu /~tstork/compass.rose/cell.04/er/Index.htm (77 words)

	BIOdotEDU
		Under the electron microscope, it is possible to distinguish two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth.
		SER does not have ribosomes on its surface, however, and thus does not participate in the making of proteins.
		For example, in liver cells, the SER contains many enzymes and other proteins that have the ability to detoxify a wide range of drugs and poisons.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/LAD/C6/C6_ER.html (294 words)

	Eukaryotic Cell Structure: The Endoplasmic Reticulum
		The endoplasmic reticulum or ER is a maze of parallel membranous tubules and flattened sacs surrounding the nucleus that connects with the nuclear membrane and runs throughout the cytoplasm (see Fig.
		The endoplasmic reticulum connects to the pores of the nuclear envelope.
		The smooth endoplasmic reticulum forms transition vesicles to transfer molecules produced in the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus and other parts of the cell (see Fig.
	student.ccbcmd.edu /courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/eustruct/er.html (508 words)

	Endoplasmic Reticulum
		A series of membrane bound chambers within a cell which plays an important part in the synthesis of lipids and proteins which are destined to be inserted in the cell membrane.
		Smooth ER is the site of synthesis and digestion of fatty acids and phospholipids.
		In the liver it is used to modify dangerous chemicals such as pesticides ready for excretion.
	www.historyoftheuniverse.com /er.html (273 words)

	Analysis of Ca2+ uptake into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of permeabilised sternal epithelial cells during the ...
		Analysis of Ca2+ uptake into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of permeabilised sternal epithelial cells during the moulting cycle of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber -- Hagedorn and Ziegler 205 (13): 1935 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Baumann, O. and Walz, B. Calcium- and inositol polyphosphate-sensitivity of the calcium-sequestering endoplasmic reticulum in the photoreceptor cells of the honeybee drone.
		Molecular characterisation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase of Porcellio scaber and its expression in sternal epithelia during the moult cycle
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/13/1935 (3585 words)

	STUDIES ON THE BIOGENESIS OF SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MEMBRANES IN HEPATOCYTES OF PHENOBARBITAL-TREATED RATS: II. ...
		phospholipid of smooth microsomes was elevated 100% by phenobarbital,
		in the rough microsomes, and subsequently in the smooth microsomes
		Cell-free assembly of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/62/3/635 (303 words)

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