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Topic: Smooth muscle

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List of muscles of the human body

Cardiac muscle

Vascular smooth muscle

Muscle

Muscular system

Inotropic

Skeletal muscle

Muscle fiber

Muscle contraction

Buccinator muscle

Myofibril

Gap junction

Ischiocavernosus muscle

Sarcomere

Stomach

	SMOOTH MUSCLE
		Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, or the uterus.
		Muscles which were stretched 1.6 times their resting length did not develop tension, but contracted normally when the stretch was released and the muscles were allowed to return to their rest length.
		Upon contraction of smooth muscle, the exchange of the bound-nucleotide and phosphate decreased and upon relaxation from the contracted state it increased, suggesting that polymerization-deplolymerization of actin is a part of the contraction-relaxation cycle of smooth muscle.
	www.uic.edu /classes/phyb/phyb516/smoothmuscleu3.htm (5492 words)

	Smooth muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the "walls" of hollow organs and elsewhere such as the bladder, the uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, the vasculature, the skin and the ciliary muscle and iris of the eye.
		Smooth muscle is fundamentally different from skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in terms of structure and function.
		For example, contractile function of vascular smooth muscle is critical to regulating the lumenal diameter of the small arteries-arterioles called resistance vessels, and in the larger elastic arteris it contributes to the viscoelastic properties of the vascular wall and minimally alters the lumenal diameter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smooth_muscle (1790 words)

	Muscle Tissue
		Muscles are are classified both functionally as either voluntary or involuntary and structurally as either striated or smooth.
		Smooth muscle is found in the walls of the digestive tract, uterus, bladder, blood vessels and other internal organs.
		Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in that it is striated and multinucleate, and similar to smooth muscle in that the nuclei are centrally located and many cells are required to span the length of the muscle.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/muscle1.html (710 words)

	Smooth Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The smooth muscle is concerned with the movements of internal organs, such as the contractions of the uterus during childbirth.
		Many parts of the body contain smooth muscles: the bronchi of the lungs, the bladder, and the walls of the blood vessels.
		Smooth muscles are not under conscious control and are therefore called "involuntary" muscles.
	www.innerbody.com /text/musc08.html (98 words)

	Smooth Muscle Rheology
		Furthermore, the majority of smooth muscle exists as a component of an intricate composite, of which the mechanical properties are determined to a significant extent by the other components, such as collagen and elastin, and their configurations in the tissue.
		The muscle seems able to tolerate the low-calcium state for long periods of time without apparent damage, since, when the tissue is returned to the normal KRB solution after several hours in the calcium-free solution, it is able to contract with nearly as much vigor as before the low-calcium state.
		One of the tests on the effect of temperature on the passive behavior of the tracheal smooth muscle is to measure the residual isometric tension during a change in the temperature.
	www.sherman.edu /research/eowens/smooth.html (3276 words)

	smooth-muscle.html
		Smooth muscle *is the sort found in the intestines, blood vessels, base of the hairs, turkey gizzards, penises, bladders, uteri and other organs whose physiological functions we and our animals cousins generally cannot bring under the direct control of the will -- visceral or autonomic activities.
		AB: Regular arrangement of smooth muscle cells underneath an endothelial cell layer was observed in the neointima of a fabric vascular prosthesis treated with new technology to accelerate endothelialization, i.e., transplantation of autologous venous tissue fragments in the graft wall.
		A circumferential arrangement of smooth muscle cells with a thin layer of longitudinally arranged cells underneath was seen in the neointimae, which resemble the arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the natural arterial wall.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/smooth-muscle.html (13036 words)

	Muscle
		Smooth muscle cells may occur as solitary fibers such as those found in the spleen capsule or prostate stroma.
		The muscle coats of the intestinal wall are arranged in an inner circular layer (nearest the columnar epithelium) around the lumen of the intestine, and an outer longitudinal layer.
		surrounding the various muscle fascicles is the perimysium and the connective tissue on one side of the section, continuous with that over the outer surface of the bone, is the epimysium, the sheath of the entire muscle.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/histomanual/muscle.html (786 words)

	SIU SOM Histology GI
		The muscle tissue of the GI tract is smooth muscle, except for that in the oral cavity (lips, tongue, palate) and upper esophagus.
		Smooth muscle also forms a delicate muscularis mucosae at the deep boundary of the mucosa (i.e., between lamina propria and submucosa).
		Electrical activitation of smooth muscle is passed from cell to cell by gap junctions.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/erg/smoothm.htm (576 words)

	Muscle Biochemistry
		The biochemical basis of muscle activity is related to the enzymatic and physical properties of actin, myosin, and the accessory proteins that constitute the thin and thick filaments.
		The molecular event underlying muscle contraction is the regulated binding of the myosin headpieces to actin thin filaments, followed by rapid myosin conformational changes about its hinge points with the bound actin being translocated toward the M line.
		In the absence of CaCM smooth muscles are quiescent, the kinase is inactive, and p-light chains are not phosphorylated.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/muscle.html (3467 words)

	Muscular System / Structure of Skeletal Muscle
		Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system.
		Smooth muscle cannot be controlled consciously and thus acts involuntarily.
		Smooth and cardiac muscle will be discussed in detail with respect to their appropriate systems.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit4_3_muscle_types.html (201 words)

	Smooth muscle structure
		Narrowest portion of one cell of smooth muscle is in touch with broadest part of neighboring cells.
		Smooth muscle cells can be as small as 20 micrometers in length to as big as 500 micrometers.
		The smallest of the smooth muscle cells are seen in the blood vessel walls and the biggest in the advanced stage of pregnant uterus.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/our_beautiful_bodies/92831 (401 words)

	SIU SOM Histology GI
		Each smooth muscle cell (or "muscle fiber") is just a few microns in diameter but may be two hundred microns long.
		Smooth muscle may also be difficult to recognize when cut obliquely, so that nuclei appear neither small and round nor long and cigar shaped.
		However, when it is important to make a quick and reliable distinction between smooth muscle and collagen, a stain that is selective for collagen may be chosen (e.g., one of the trichromes).
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/ssb/smoothm.htm (622 words)

	Smooth muscle contraction
		Smooth muscle tissue has the contractile proteins - actin and myosin but they are not arranged in a regular repetitive pattern as a result, this tissue has no striations.
		The intermediate filaments anchor the thin filaments and correspond to the Z-disks of skeletal muscle.
		While smooth muscle is unique in several aspects, the basic principles of muscle contraction are similar in smooth and skeletal muscle.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/our_beautiful_bodies/93531 (445 words)

	Smooth Muscle
		Smooth muscle cells have a region around the nucleus that is filled with some smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lots of mitochondria.
		In the case of smooth muscle, alpha actinin is among the binding proteins.
		Smooth muscle cells are unique in that they produce the components of their extracellular matrix.
	www.cytochemistry.net /microanatomy/muscle/smooth_muscle_2001.htm (1729 words)

	Lab 10 Smooth and Skeletal Muscle
		Individual smooth muscle cells are "fusiform" or "spindle shaped" that is, they are longer than they are wide, tapered at each end, and widest in the middle.
		The relationship of smooth muscle with the surrounding CT is essentially the same as that of skeletal muscle, except that the epimysium doesn't continue into tendons (see below).
		In skeletal muscle the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released into the gap between the terminus of the neuron and the surface of the muscle; this brings about a depolarization of the plasma membrane of the myofiber, internal chemical changes in the cell, and contraction.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab10/Lab10.htm (4981 words)

	Muscle tissue
		Smooth muscle forms the muscle layers in the walls of hollow organs such as the digestive tract (lower part of the oesophagus, stomach and intestines), the walls of the bladder, the uterus, various ducts of glands and the walls of blood vessels.
		Smooth muscle controls slow, involuntary movements such as the contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the stomach and intestines.
		Cardiac muscle differ from striated muscle in the following aspects: they are shorter, the striations are not so obvious, the sarcolemma is thinner and not clearly discernible, there is only one nucleus present in the centre of each cardiac fibre and adjacent fibres branch but are linked to each other by so-called muscle bridges.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sci_ed/grade10/mammal/muscle.htm (764 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Smooth muscle - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Smooth muscle : nonstriated involuntary muscle; one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc; contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle\-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei.
		Smooth muscle : Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei.
		Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/smooth_muscle.htm (310 words)

	Muscles
		Smooth muscle is found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart).
		Nerves of the autonomic branch of the nervous system lead to both smooth and cardiac muscle, but their effect is one of moderating the rate and/or strength of contraction.
		Cellular respiration not only is required to meet the ATP needs of a muscle engaged in prolonged activity (thus causing more rapid and deeper breathing), but is also required afterwards to enable the body to resynthesize glycogen from the lactic acid produced earlier (deep breathing continues for a time after exercise is stopped).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html (3337 words)

	Smooth Muscle in Organs
		The intestines have an inner layer of circular muscles and an outer layer of longitudinal muscle.
		Arterioles have a circular coat of smooth muscle which is obvious in both longitudinal and transverse sections.
		Smooth muscle is also located in the walls of blood vessels.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab6/smoothmuscle/smcuterus.html (360 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Muscles Work"
		Muscles are the "engine" that your body uses to propel itself.
		Smooth muscle is found in your digestive system, blood vessels, bladder, airways and, in a female, the uterus.
		Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle, because when it is viewed under polarized light or stained with an indicator, you can see alternating stripes of light and dark.
	health.howstuffworks.com /muscle.htm (942 words)

	Vascular smooth muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.
		Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible to redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e.
		Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle (417 words)

	2740 MUSCLE HISTOLOGY
		Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped and uninucleate.
		Cardiac muscle cells branch, are striated, are uninucleate (B) and have intercalated discs (A).
		Skeletal muscles (C) are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons.
	www.unomaha.edu /hpa/2740musclehistology.html (271 words)

	Your Multi-Talented Muscles
		The muscle in the top half of your arm contracts, and it pulls the bones in the lower half of your arm along with it.
		Muscles in your neck and the top part of your back aren't as large, but they are capable of some pretty amazing things: try rotating your head around, back and forth, and up and down to feel the power of the muscles in your neck.
		The muscles in people's faces don't all attach directly to bone like they do in the rest of the body; instead, many of them attach under the skin.
	kidshealth.org /kid/body/muscles_noSW_p2.html (820 words)

	Your Multitalented Muscles
		Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band).
		Smooth muscles are sometimes also called involuntary muscles and they are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other.
		Now, let's talk about the kind of muscle you think of when we say "muscle" — the ones that show how strong you are and let you boot a soccer ball right into the goal.
	kidshealth.org /kid/body/muscles_noSW.html (1120 words)

	Cytokinetics Smooth Muscle
		Cytokinetics is extending its validated drug discovery platform in contractility to create new therapeutic opportunities based on the contractility of smooth muscle.
		Central to the pathophysiology of a broad array of common conditions including hypertension and asthma, the smooth muscle contractile apparatus provides a novel handle for the therapy of these conditions.
		Cytokinetics is in a unique position to create the next generation of smooth muscle relaxants for the treatment of asthma and hypertension based on the biology of smooth muscle contraction.
	www.cytokinetics.com /cyto/smooth_muscle (82 words)

	muscle
		The diagram illustrates skeletal muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh, biceps femoris, semimembranosous, and semitendinosis.
		Cardiac muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.
		The microscopic anatomy of smooth muscle differs from skeletal muscle as slower contraction is needed in the gut wall.
	www.wv-hsta.org /event/muscle.htm (128 words)

	Identification of a Novel Marker for Primordial Smooth Muscle and Its Differential Expression Pattern in Contractile vs ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A novel smooth musclespecific enhancer regulates transcription of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene in vascular smooth muscle cells.
		Expression of the smooth muscle cell calponin gene marks the early cardiac and smooth muscle cell lineages during mouse embryogenesis.
		Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain exclusively marks the smooth muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/137/4/925 (7767 words)

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