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Topic: Smuggling

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	Smuggling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smuggling is illegal transport, in particular across a border.
		Illegal drug trafficking, and the smuggling of armaments (gunrunning), as well as the historical staples of smuggling, alcohol and tobacco, are widespread.
		One method of defeating smuggling is to legalize the activity the smugglers are undertaking and reducing or eliminating the taxes which the smugglers are avoiding, thus reducing the profit potential and making the smuggling activity uneconomic as the goods would then be available for a lower price via legal channels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smuggling (755 words)

	smuggling. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Smuggling has been carried on in nearly all nations and has occasionally been adopted as an instrument of national policy, as by Great Britain against Spain and France in the 18th and 19th cent.
		Smuggling into the United States flourished in the prohibition era and was carried on practically with impunity from overseas and overland from Canada.
		U.S. law declares the article smuggled to be forfeit and the smuggler liable to a fine or imprisonment, or both.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sm/smugglin.html (373 words)

	People smuggling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		People smuggling is a term which is used to describe the illegal and organised smuggling of people across international boundaries, usually for financial gain.
		People smuggling has become the preferred trade of a growing number of criminal networks world-wide which are showing an increasing sophistication in regard to move larger numbers of people at higher profits than ever.
		In the Southwest United States, a "coyote" is a person paid to smuggle illegal aliens across the border between Mexico and the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/People_smuggling (227 words)

	Smuggling
		During the 1700s and 1800s smuggling reached its zenith, and was rife throughout the country.
		Smuggling is usually associated with alcohol, particularly rum and brandy.
		Smuggling was a risky business, but profits could be high and the local population were poor.
	www.pznow.co.uk /maritime/smuggling.html (491 words)

	Interpol - People smuggling
		Trafficking is distinct from smuggling insofar as the traffic of human beings involves the exploitation of the migrant, often for purposes of forced labour and prostitution.
		People smuggling simply implies the procurement, for financial or material gain, of the illegal entry into a state of which the individual is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident.
		Smuggling networks seem to focus more and more on Central and South America, where they maintain the necessary links to Mexican people smugglers in order to move the illegal migrants via Mexico to North America.
	www.interpol.int /Public/THB/PeopleSmuggling (992 words)

	Smugglers - Smuggling 1300 to 1833 - VillageNet History
		Smuggling started in the reign of Edward I, about 1300, when a customs duty was placed on the export of wool, which was in great demand in Europe.
		The initial effect of these officers was to limit the smuggling of wool which they had sent into serious decline by 1703, but the officials became corrupt, and smuggling returned.
		One of the guilty smugglers George Chapman was gibbetted on the Village Green in the village of Hurst Green.
	www.villagenet.co.uk /history/1300-smugglers.html (1134 words)

	Tobacco Control Factsheets - Tobacco Smuggling
		Smuggling remains an important feature of the cigarette market and is likely to depress legitimate sales for the foreseeable future.’ World Tobacco File 1998, p.1322 ‘Smuggling is a serious problem, but the report concludes that, even where it occurs at high rates, tax increases bring greater revenues and reduce consumption.
		Large-scale smuggling is characterised by the involvement of criminal organisations, a relatively sophisticated system for distributing smuggled cigarettes locally, and a few controls on the international movement of tax-free cigarettes.
		Smuggling focuses mainly on well-known international brands, as instant recognition and confidence in the merchandise are essential to these quick, furtive transactions ([4]).
	factsheets.globalink.org /en/smuggling.shtml (2454 words)

	Smuggling in Cornwall
		Smuggling centred on the south coast, ranging from Cawsand in the east, noted as a smuggling village due to its close proximity to the ready market of Plymouth, through to the small coastal villages of Lamorna and Mousehole in the far west.
		Smuggling was not just confined to the importation of goods without the payment of tax.
		The risks, however, were high; smuggling activities led to a minimum penalty of transportation to colonies such as Australia, though often the penalties were much more severe.
	www.connexions.co.uk /culture/smuggler.htm (894 words)

	Human Smuggling a National Security Risk, U.S. Official Says
		Because smuggling and trafficking operate within a complex global environment, ICE is also strengthening diplomatic initiatives with government officials and law enforcement agencies around the world to dismantle criminal organizations.
		ICE strategic goals are to dismantle the criminal and terrorist organizations that smuggle or traffic in people; to strip away their assets and profit incentive; and to work with our allied DHS components to attack these organizations from a variety of angles.
		Smuggling and trafficking are by definition international crimes, which is why ICE is prepared to take that fight abroad.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=May&x=20040520144613AJesroM0.7872583&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html (2659 words)

	History of smuggling in Polperro, Cornwall, UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Generations of Polperro seafarers have brought contraband goods ashore, but smuggling reached its peak in the latter half of the 18th century, largely due to the presence of Zephaniah Job who acted as the smugglers' banker for many years.
		High taxes on a wide range of luxury goods as well as basic commodities such as salt, imposed to finance the wars with America and France between 1775 and 1815, encouraged the fishermen to supplement their meagre livelihood by engaging in the 'trade' as smuggling was known.
		Smuggled goods were often landed at secluded coves along the coast near Polperro.
	www.heritagepress.polperro.org /smuggling.html (400 words)

	Introduction to smuggling in southeast England (Kent and Sussex)
		And in a sense, the south-east might be regarded as the cradle of big-business smuggling for the whole of the British Isles.
		In the heyday of smuggling — the late 18th and early 19th centuries — the trade was carried out by large and highly-organized gangs that landed their goods mostly by brute strength.
		Kent became such a centre for smuggling activity that it is hardly surprising to find the earliest preventive efforts concentrated in the south east.
	www.smuggling.co.uk /gazetteer_se.html (1316 words)

	Castro promises `severe measures' for boaters who smuggle Cubans
		U.S. authorities say it is as difficult to stop the trafficking of Cuban immigrants as it is to halt narcotics smuggling.
		In a sign of the importance Castro has put on the matter, Jan. 5 he devoted part of a five-hour speech on crime to smuggling.
		Smuggling is fostered, Castro said, by favorable treatment given to Cuban refugees.
	www.fiu.edu /~fcf/castropromisessevmeas.html (1084 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| How smuggling helps lure generations of new smokers
		Suspicions of tobacco industry involvement in cigarette smuggling have grown since 1997 when researchers demonstrated, by comparing annual global exports with global imports, that about a third of all cigarettes entering international commerce each year could not be accounted for.
		Smuggled cigarettes, by evading import and sales taxes, are usually sold more cheaply than legally imported cigarettes.
		The nexus of cigarette smuggling and drug money laundering in Latin America is known as the fl market peso exchange, in which "peso brokers" convert US dollars from drug lords into clean pesos.
	www.guardian.co.uk /bat/article/0,2763,191296,00.html (2851 words)

	Bruce Bartlett on Taxation and Cigarette Smuggling on NRO Financial
		Periodicals are documenting a tax-related increase in smuggling.
		It is hardly surprising that terrorists would find cigarette smuggling to be an easy way of raising funds to finance their activities.
		Such groups are tightly organized, highly disciplined, and already have experience with smuggling to obtain weapons and explosives.
	www.nationalreview.com /nrof_bartlett/bartlett080702.asp (930 words)

	Special Report: Cigarette Companies and Smuggling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Smuggling of cigarettes and other tobacco products, and related tobacco tax evasion, undermines public health, robs states of much-needed revenue, and provides a potential source of revenue for organized crime and terrorists.
		Making matters even worse, tobacco product smuggling is sometimes used by terrorist organizations to help finance their operations (see GAO report on Terrorist Financing).
		Their actions contributed to and were an integral part of worldwide cigarette smuggling on a level not seen before.
	tobaccofreekids.org /reports/smuggling (683 words)

	Tobacco Smuggling: Fact Sheet no. 17 - ASH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Around 80 per cent of smuggled cigarettes have never had duty paid in any country and are smuggled by diversion from the transit trade.
		Large-scale smuggling involves criminal organisations with a sophisticated system of distributing tobacco at a local level. Criminals are aided by the lack of control of the international movement of tax-free cigarettes.
		Smuggling is based on tax avoidance but it is driven by the commercial activities of tobacco companies and organised crime and the extent to which law enforcement creates costs and risks as a disincentive to smuggling.
	www.ash.org.uk /html/factsheets/html/fact17.html (1130 words)

	US Border Patrol Smuggling
		There were even wives of US Marines smuggling illegals in the trunks of their cars and through military bases to allow the illegals to avoid checkpoints.
		The Mexican drug cartels are now in the people smuggling business because while smuggling cocaine into the USA might get you life in prison, smuggling people is often just ignored and you are often just pushed back south over the border.
		Smuggling illegal aliens is very illegal and can cost the perpetrator jail time, their car, and even their house.
	www.usborderpatrol.com /borderframe60.htm (4279 words)

	NCPA - Brief Analysis 423, Cigarette Smuggling
		Although interstate cigarette smuggling is a crime, prosecutions are rare.
		Terrorists, too, are smuggling cigarettes to finance their operations - not surprising since they are tightly organized, highly disciplined and experienced in smuggling weapons and explosives.
		The growth of cigarette smuggling is a key reason why cigarette tax revenues are not keeping pace with tax increases.
	www.ncpa.org /pub/ba/ba423 (1019 words)

	Smuggling in Norfolk & Lincolnshire
		A beached smuggling vessel would then appear in toy-like scale on the horizon and kegs of brandy and parcels of tea could be tossed overboard with impunity, to be carried back to the shore hidden under cart-loads of kelp.
		The manor house here was the headquarters of a smuggling gang, and an early 19th century apparition that troubled Happisburgh might well have been dismissed as the gang's attempts to frighten off unwelcome attentions — had it not been for the grisly sequel.
		Smuggling in south Lincolnshire seems to have continued very much longer than in southern England, perhaps because of the isolation of the most popular landing beaches, and the difficulty of patrolling the long coastline from preventive stations that were frequently undermanned.
	www.smuggling.co.uk /gazetteer_e_14.html (3823 words)

	Talland Bay - smuggling
		An 18th century Polperro smuggling legend tells of the time of a local smallpox epidemic when the dead were buried at night.
		Roderick Eagleton, who lived in the cottage and ran the Talland Bay café, admitted his part in the smuggling and was jailed for 3 years.
		As far as is known, there is no smuggling in Talland Bay these days (it all happens on the south-east ferry routes and Channel Tunnel now - so much easier!).
	www.talland.org /smuggling.html (785 words)

	Oil-for-Food: Facts
		The Committee concluded that (1) oil smuggling was the largest source of illicit revenue for the Hussein regime during the UN sanctions period; (2) smuggling was outside the purview and oversight of the UN administrators of the Oil-for-Food Program; and (3) smuggling began years before the commencement of Oil-for-Food:
		The importance of oil smuggling as a source of revenue for the Hussein-regime was also vigorously explored by Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) during a February 15, 2005 Hearing of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations into Oil-for-Food Program allegations.
		The task of policing oil smuggling fell to the Multinational Interception Force (MIF), led by the Fifth Fleet of the U.S. Navy.
	www.oilforfoodfacts.org /smuggling.aspx (1180 words)

	New Zealand’s First Interpol Conference: Wildlife Smuggling
		The growing problem of international wildlife smuggling is the focus of the first Interpol conference to be held in New Zealand.
		Globally, wildlife smuggling is estimated to be worth $US6 billion to $US10 billion a year, ranking third behind narcotics and arms smuggling.
		Spreading of infectious diseases from smuggled animals into humans had attracted the attention of authorities after a bizarre case of West Nile virus in the United States.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/press/131003interpol.htm (859 words)

	Global Issues: Arresting Transnational Crime - U.S. and Multinational Coalition Disrupts Migrant Smuggling Operations
		The volume and sophistication of alien smuggling organizations have increased dramatically in recent years, violating U.S. laws to insure orderly immigration, and threatening national security.
		Public corruption in source and transit countries contributes to a smuggling organization's ability to move large groups of aliens destined for the United States.
		The emergence of international smuggling organizations has brought a dramatic rise in smuggling fees, some as high as $70,000 per person.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj04.htm (1218 words)

	Boston.com / News / Nation / Washington / Human-smuggling suspect held
		WASHINGTON -- An Egyptian man US authorities described as one of their most wanted smugglers of humans was arrested yesterday on charges of operating a ring that illegally brought people from Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries to the United States.
		A grand jury indictment charges Ashraf Ahmed Abdallah, 34, with one count of conspiracy to commit alien smuggling and four counts of assisting in bringing aliens into the United States for financial gain.
		The indictment was originally returned under court-ordered seal in December 2001, and the charges are limited to an alleged smuggling conspiracy between June and October 2001.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/washington/articles/2004/07/03/human_smuggling_suspect_held (329 words)

	BAT and Tobacco Smuggling (ASH UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As a result of these disclosures, BAT has faced a media storm, it's senior management has been questioned by a House of Commons Committee and the company is under investigation by the DTI over its involvement in smuggling.
		The documents show that BAT does not do the smuggling itself, but works through middlemen that do the actual smuggling.
		Smuggling allegations have lead to racketeering legal action (RICO) against BAT and other multi-national tobacco companies.
	www.ash.org.uk /html/smuggling/html/smugglingbat.html (1197 words)

	BAT and tobacco smuggling - evidence to the Health Select Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The prevalence of tobacco smuggling in Colombia and the Golden triangle points to a wider picture which almost certainly involves the laundering of illegal ‘narco-dollars’ – proceeds of cocaine and heroin trafficking.
		Recently smuggling has reached serious proportions in the UK and Europe, and from what we know, it appears that similar patterns of distribution management are being used to those documented from Latin America and Asia.
		Century and overwhelmingly in developing countries. Taxation is one measure to counter this dreadful toll, and smuggling undermines it by lowering prices and reducing the political feasibility of a high tobacco tax policy. To this extent, tobacco companies benefit from the impact of smuggling in their markets – and health suffers.
	www.ash.org.uk /html/smuggling/html/submission.html (5089 words)

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