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Topic: Snow blindness

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	Blindness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This means that a legally blind individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with the same degree of clarity as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet.
		Historically, blind and visually impaired people have either been treated as if their lack of sight were an outward manifestation of some internal lack of reason, or as if they possessed extrasensory abilities.
		The authors of modern educational materials (see: blindness and education for further reading on that subject), as well as those treating blindness in literature, have worked to paint a truer picture of blind people as three-dimensional individuals with a range of abilities, talents, and even character flaws.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blindness (1453 words)

	AllRefer.com - blindness (Pathology) - Encyclopedia
		Blindness may be caused by injury, by lesions of the brain or optic nerve, by disease of the cornea or retina, by pathological changes originating in systemic disorders (e.g., diabetes) and by cataract, glaucoma, or retinal detachment.
		Blindness caused by infectious diseases, such as trachoma, and by dietary deficiencies is common in underdeveloped countries where medical care is inadequate.
		Snow blindness is a temporary condition resulting from a burn of the cornea caused by the reflection of sunlight on snow.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/blindnes.html (351 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		pertaining to a clinical trial or other experiment (blind study) in which one or more of the groups receiving, administering, and evaluating the treatment are unaware of which treatment any particular subject is receiving; sometimes referred to as masked to avoid confusion.
		blindness due to a lesion of one of the areas of the visual cortex.
		blindness as defined by law; in most states of the United States, maximal visual acuity of the better eye, after correction, of 20/200 or less, with a total diameter of the visual field in that eye of 20 degrees or less.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_b_15zPzhtm (1576 words)

	FOX59.com \| WXIN-TV \| Indianapolis \| Weather Words - Sn-Sz
		Snow blindness -- Impaired vision or temporary blindness caused by sunlight reflected from snow surfaces.
		Snow climate -- (also called polar climate, arctic climate) The climate of geographical polar regions, but especially the climate of polar regions that are too cold to support the growth of trees.
		Snow garland -- A rare and beautiful phenomenon in which snow is festooned from trees, fences, etc., in the form of ropes up to several feet long and several inches in diameter.
	fox59.trb.com /news/weather/wgntv-weatherwords-sn-sz,0,2965617.story (2042 words)

	Civilization.ca - Oracle - Snow Travel in Ancient Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Freshly falling snow comes in many forms — fluffy flakes, sticky flakes, hard pellets, to name a few — and in varying amounts, from a thin trace to a thick blanket.
		Furthermore, once snow has settled on the ground, its condition may be altered by wind, landscape and temperature.
		The most ancient and widespread method for avoiding snow blindness was the use of snow goggles, a device known in northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.
	www.civilization.ca /educat/oracle/modules/iandyck/page01_e.html (1179 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Snow in and of itself is probably the LEAST THREATENING weather condition.
		Snow can actually be used to protect oneself against the dangers of cold weather, because it is abundant, easy to work with and entirely effective for manufacturing windproof walls and roofs.
		Snow blindness should ALWAYS BE GUARDED AGAINST BY WEARING SUNGLASSES or a brimmed hat to shade the eyes.
	www.logicsouth.com /~lcoble/dir9/snow-f.txt (811 words)

	:: smow :: related - ( amsnow aurora snow honda blower toro ariens boot ...
		snow-blind temporarily blinded by the glare of light reflected by large expanses of snow.
		snow bunting a mainly white finch, Plectrophenax nivalis.
		snow goose a white Arctic goose, Anser caerulescens, with fl-tipped wings.
	www.spell-dictionary.com /db/smow (233 words)

	Snow blindness -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		This is what occurs in snow blindness or after exposure to strong ultraviolet light sources.
		Transient blindness, in this instance called flout, affects such persons as aviators or astronauts if they undergo acceleration that exerts its force on them in the direction from head to foot and if the force reaches five or six times the force of gravity.
		Blindness in young people is usually caused by inherited defects or by injury.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9336806?tocId=9336806&query=snow&ct= (683 words)

	Snow blindness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Snow blindness is a painful condition, typically a keratitis, caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to sunlight reflected from snow.
		The problem is also related to the condition arc eye sometimes experienced by welders.
		Snow blindness does not usually cause permenant vision loss.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Snow_blindness (143 words)

	Worldbook Medical Encyclopedia > Sabins vaccine - Systole > Snow blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is similar to snow blindness and the condition...
		Snow blindness is caused by failure to use adequate eye protection during bright sunshine on snow or light colored rock.
		Ultraviolet light (especially UVA) is harmful to the eye, acutely causing snow blindness (conjunctivitis) and in the long term cataract formation.
	www.surfablebooks.com /wbmedical/32972/33138/2.htm (274 words)

	Telegraph \| Health
		Snow blindness, caused by ultraviolet light burning the cornea, is one of the most painful eye injuries of all.
		Fiona Sweetman, 33, experienced the agony of snow blindness during a skiing holiday to La Thuile in the Italian Alps last winter.
		Snow blindness is a bad case of eye sunburn.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /health/main.jhtml?xml=/health/2005/01/11/hski11.xml&sSheet=/health/2005/01/11/ixhmain.html (568 words)

	blindness on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The excremental gaze: Saramago's blindness and the disintegration of the panoptic vision.(Critical Essay)
		Guidelines for a precollege curriculum for students with blindness and visual impairments.
		Lynda Thomas wears a blindfold to simulate blindness as she and her guide dog puppy Putter join other dog trainers for dinner in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in February 2003.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/blindnes.asp (828 words)

	WHO \| The known health effects of UV
		An extreme form of photokeratitis is snow blindness.
		Snow blindness is very painful when the dead cells are being shed.
		Very severe snow blindness may involve complications such as chronic irritations or tearing.
	www.who.int /uv/faq/uvhealtfac/en/index3.html (662 words)

	Snow Glare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In fact, there is risk of up to 85 percent of UV rays being reflected upward and that leads to sunburn of the yes or photokeratitis.
		Snow blindness can be a concern for snow sport enthusiasts, or others who spend a great deal of time outdoors in the winter.
		Snow blindness damages the cornea, causes eye pain and extreme sensitivity to light.
	www.mneyedocs.org /snow_glare.htm (395 words)

	[No title]
		Snow acts as an adhesive and tends to hold rocks in place.
		Rock fall Exposure Landslides Eruptions Snow blindness Weather Lightning The albedo of volcanic rock is lower than the albedo of glacier ice.
		The relationship between the amount of snow and ice that is in the accumulation zone (the plus column) and the ablation zone (the minus column) is called mass balance.
	www.ptarmigans.org /Quiz2.doc (708 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: Sustaining Health & Performance in The Cold: Environmental Medicine Guidance for Cold ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Exposure of unprotected skin and eyes to sunlight may cause sunburn and snow blindness.
		The threat of sunburn and snow blindness depends on the intensity of sunlight, not the air temperature.
		Snow, ice, and lightly colored objects reflect the sun's rays, increasing the potential for injury.
	www.vnh.org /ColdWeatherOperations/depcold/cold33.html (509 words)

	BaseCampMD.com - Snow blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Snow blindness, or solar/ultraviolet keratitis is an excruciatingly painful state that comes from the sun burning the covering of your eye -- the cornea.
		A sunny day on fresh snow can be beautiful, but incapacitating if you’re not protected.
		Keep in mind that the brightness can exceed 10-15 times the amount of light that is safe and comfortable for your eyes to accommodate.
	www.basecampmd.com /pages/snowblind.htm (283 words)

	Sport Tips: cross country skiing: learn the basics
		Snow blindness is caused by the ultraviolet glare from the snow and can be avoided by wearing dark sunglasses or goggles.
		Snow blindness can take up to eight hours to appear and can include swelling of the eye lids and loss of vision so it should be taken seriously as a potential hazard.
		When you come to a snow bump, slightly straighten up before you get to it and then bend your keens to absorb the shock as you go over it.
	vtvt.essortment.com /whatiscrossco_rkdu.htm (641 words)

	adam.com - outdoor health (demo) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a situation in which the diagnosis is certain and such medication is available, instillation may indeed improve things.
		However, if a topical steroid is applied to a misdiagnosed bacterial or viral infection — particularly herpes virus — the effect can be to worsen the situation.
		Since snow blindness is self-limited, the application of a topical steroid is not imperative and best left to an ophthalmologist.
	www.healthworks.co.uk /demo/adam/cleandemos/odh/snow_blindness.html (432 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Snow Blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Snow Blindness
		Snow, transparent ice crystals formed around dust or other small particulates in the atmosphere when water vapor condenses at temperatures below the...
		Blizzard, severe storm characterized by extreme cold, strong winds, and a heavy snowfall.
	encarta.msn.com /Snow_Blindness.html (162 words)

	Ultraviolet and Your Health. Currents 3:1
		One particularly excruciating result of acute overexposure of the eyes is keratoconjunctivitis, or snow blindness.
		Snow blindness is essentially a sunburn on the surface of the eye (i.e.
		Snow is an outstanding UVR reflector, and the combination of direct and reflected sunlight is a double whammy for unprotected eyes.
	www.arn.org /currpage/uvhealth.htm (1794 words)

	SurvivalIQ Handbook: Survival Skills - Cold weather survival - Cold injuries
		The sun's rays reflect at all angles from snow, ice, and water, hitting sensitive areas of skin--lips, nostrils, and eyelids.
		The symptoms of snow blindness are a sensation of grit in the eyes, pain in and over the eyes that increases with eyeball movement, red and teary eyes, and a headache that intensifies with continued exposure to light.
		To treat snow blindness, bandage your eyes until the symptoms disappear.
	www.survivaliq.com /survival/cold-weather-survival_s6.htm (1339 words)

	Government of Saskatchewan - blindness
		Below are the top 25 results of a search for "blindness" across all Government of Saskatchewan websites.
		blindness" is the acute effect of UVR on the eye.
		blindness Ascaris Suum: Roundworm Ingestion of fecal material containing eggs of the parasite Parasite has a 4-8 week lifecycle Serious disease is unlikely...
	www.gov.sk.ca /topics/keyword/keyword?topic=health-safety&keyword=306 (950 words)

	Outdoor Health - Snow Blindness
		This occurs when proper precautions are not used at high altitudes, where a greater amount of unfiltered (by the atmosphere) ultraviolet radiation is present; the exposure may be compounded by reflection from the snow.
		The intensity of ultraviolet energy increases by a factor of 4% to 6% for every 1,000 foot (305 meter) increase in altitude above sea level.
		Snow reflects 85% of ultraviolet B (UVB, the culprit wavelengths that cause snow blindness); dry sand reflects 17%, while grass or sandy turf reflects 2.5%.
	www.umm.edu /outdoor/snow_blindness.htm (548 words)

	Survival of the Fittest
		These graphic descriptions illustrate the painful effects of snow blindness; intolerance to light caused by exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet rays reflected off the snow or ice.
		Isaac Stringer was, at one time, so severely affected by snow blindness that he had to leave the North for a few months in order to recuperate.
		The Inuvialuit made their snow goggles by hollowing out a piece of wood and cutting narrow slits, about 1½ inches long, in the surface.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/BishopStringer/english/survival-light.html (357 words)

	Teaching Online: Health/PhysEd — Snow
		A visit to experience the snow and view the world from the top of a mountain is a stimulating experience for all students.
		Snow blindness is actually sunburn of the eyes and is very painful indeed.
		Children may be given assignments to complete on the snow leading to follow-up activities.
	www.teachingonline.org /snow.html (545 words)

	Adventuring Hazards
		Slides of powdered snow are known as dry avalanches.
		This is caused when the ultraviolet radiation from the sun is reflected from the snow fields, causing sunburn on the cornea and inner eyelids.
		The blowing snow introduces a high negative penalty to any navigation attempts and severely limits the range of vision.
	hiddenway.tripod.com /hero/hazards.html (12764 words)

	News & Reviews - DrugDigest
		Intense sunlight and highly reflective snow can combine to cause temporary snow blindness or increase your risk of such eye problems as cataracts or macular degeneration, according to the British Columbia Association of Optometrists.
		Snow blindness, or sunburn on the eye, is a painful condition that's caused by ultraviolet (UV) exposure, wind and dry winter air.
		Those who love to play in the snow at higher altitudes are particularly at risk.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/Articles/News/0,10141,508737,00.html (322 words)

	U.S. Army HOOAH 4 HEALTH Cold Weather Operations - Sun, Wind, Rain, Snow and Low Humidity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, winter operations in the coastal regions of the eastern United States (or even the Arabian Gulf of Southwest Asia) may be conducted during periods of near-freezing temperatures, rain and wind.
		Heavy snow may be encountered during winter operations in areas of northern Europe and America, and throughout the year in mountainous regions.
		However, sun, wind, snow, rain and low humidity each present environmental health threats in and of themselves.
	www.hooah4health.com /deployment/cold/cwosunwindrain.htm (570 words)

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