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Topic: Snuffle

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	Snuffle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle is an (additional info and facts about encryption system) encryption system designed by (additional info and facts about Daniel Bernstein) Daniel Bernstein and the subject of his court case, (additional info and facts about Bernstein v.
		Snuffle showed how to use a (additional info and facts about cryptographic hash function) cryptographic hash function, which was legal to export, as a strong encryption system, which was illegal to export.
		Snuffle simply works by using a hash function to generate the random-seeming text by hashing the key with sequential integers (1, 2, 3, etc.).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sn/snuffle.htm (297 words)

	Cheetah Watch: Snuffle; Streep; Talisker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle was seen with her first litter in 2002, comprised of two male cubs.
		Snuffle’s two cubs are now over a year old, and have recently separated from her.
		Snuffle can be seen in the Seronera area in the dry season, and the Barafu kopjes area in the wet season.
	wcs.org /snuffle (664 words)

	Bernstein v. U.S. Dep't of Justice
		The State Department responded that Snuffle was a munition under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations ("ITAR"), and that Bernstein would need a license to "export" the Paper, the Source Code, or the Instructions.
		By developing Snuffle, Bernstein was attempting to demonstrate that a one-way hash function could be employed as the heart of an encryption method.
		The Snuffle source code, as submitted by Bernstein to the State Department, was meant as an expression of how this might be accomplished.
	www.tomwbell.com /NetLaw/Ch08/Bernstein.html (6957 words)

	GigaLaw.com: Deciphering Free Speech and the Encryption Debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle allowed the user to encrypt and decrypt sensitive information, such as statistics, photographs or text through an innovative mathematical algorithm.
		At the time that Snuffle was created, regulation of encryption technologies was under the jurisdiction of the Department of State.
		The State Department deemed Snuffle a "munition" under the then-existing International Traffic in Arms Regulations and therefore could not be sent overseas without a license from the State Department that would limit the scope and uses of the program.
	www.gigalaw.com /articles/2000-all/ghosh-2000-03-all.html (2071 words)

	Snuffle - Frequently Asked Questions
		Snuffle has hitherto been free of overtly commercial and unsolicited messages.
		If any message sent to snuffle is considered to breach this character of the service, the sender will be notified immediately, and advised to send any similar messages to the list owner, David Jennings.
		However, Snuffle has built a tradition over the three and half years it's been operating (as of January 1999) that it's hard to put a price on.
	www.nuf.org.uk /snuffleinfo.html (919 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On August 20, 1992 the ODTC informed Bernstein that after consultation with the Departments of Commerce and Defense it had determined that the commodity Snuffle 5.0 was a defense article under Category XIII of the ITAR and subject to licensing by the Department of State prior to export.
		Thus, even if Snuffle source code, which is easily compiled into object code for the computer to read and easily used for encryption, is essentially functional, that does not remove it from the realm of speech.
		Since Snuffle is speech that is potentially subject to the prior restraint of licensing, and under the AECA that restraint is unreviewable, plaintiff's prior restraint claim is colorable.
	www.eff.org /Privacy/Crypto_export/Bernstein_case/Legal/960415.decision (6516 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Date: 14 Jun 90 09:02:47 GMT Followup-To: sci.crypt Distribution: usa Organization: IR Lines: 334 Xref: nosun sci.crypt:3208 alt.sources:1943 This is snuffle, a reasonably fast, private-key encryption package that uses (but isn't derived from) Merkle's Snefru.
		Pick up snefru from comp.sources.unix, volume 21, and compile it; snuffle should take less than a minute after that.
		snuffle and unsnuffle take the key as the first line of input; if you want echo turned off, do it yourself.
	www.ussrback.com /crypto/snuffle/snuffle.txt (241 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Snuffle encryption system is designed to convert any one-way hash function into a zero-delay private-key encryption system.
		A precise definition of Snuffle appears on the attached sheet ``The Snuffle Encryption System.'' snuffle 5.0 is my implementation of Snuffle.
		Snuffle and snuffle 5.0 result from fundamental research and, since last year, have been available for free to U.S. citizens within the U.S. I would like to publish these items in a widely read international electronic conference known as ``sci.crypt'' for discussion by the worldwide academic community.
	cr.yp.to /export/1992/0630-bernstein.txt (543 words)

	Snuffle - Measurement and Analysys Tool for Internet Protocols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle is a measurement tool capable to observe protocol behavior directly inside the protocol instances of endsystems.
		Snuffle can easily be extended to "snuffle" further protocols using the open interface to Snuffle.
		Especially in a wireless environment it is not possible to observe the traffic resulting from a data communication between two mobile stations by a third station, because of the instable wireless physical link.
	www-tkn.ee.tu-berlin.de /equipment/snuffle/intro.html (216 words)

	Snuffle, National Weather Service Corpus Christi
		Snuffle 3.X has several new features, the most useful being a command line start to test and run products.
		While most of these loops have to caught as offices throw more things at Snuffle, it is important to find what product caused this to occur so that safeties can be placed in that area of the code.
		If you have made no changes to Snuffle, then the problem may be the permissions in /var/tmp on the ds.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /crp/docs/software/troubleshoot.html (716 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On August 20, 1992 the ODTC informed Bernstein that after consultation with the Departments of Commerce and Defense it had determined that the commodity Snuffle 5.0 was a defense article on the USML under Category XIII of the ITAR and subject to licensing by the Department of State prior to export.
		Bernstein asserts that he is not free to teach the Snuffle algorithm, to disclose it at academic conferences, or to publish it in journals or online discussion groups without a license.
		Hence, Snuffle is speech afforded the full protection of the First Amendment not because it enables encryption, but because it is itself speech.
	www.eff.org /Privacy/Crypto_export/Bernstein_case/Legal/961206.decision (7579 words)

	New Media Law: Invasion of Privacy: Email Encryption: Is Encryption Free Speech?
		Snuffle was a neat way to put messages into secret code.
		Writing for the court, Judge Betty Fletcher noted that Snuffle was in source code unreadable by a machine unless compiled into ones and zeroes.
		Source code, she wrote, is "meant to be read and understood by humans." Programmers use source code "in much the same way that mathematicians use equations or economists use graphs" - to communicate ideas.
	www.du.edu /~scapps/privacy/ramsey.html (677 words)

	Eurasian Badger, Meles meles: Photo File - A badger snuffle hole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		There are many different names for the little holes that badgers make when they dig for worms or insect larvae.
		I call them scrapes, but they are also known as snuffle holes.
		If you would like to be notified when the Badger Pages are updated, and to be kept up to date with other badger news, subscribe to the FREE badger e-newsletter at Badgers on the Web.
	www.badgers.org.uk /badgerpages/eurasian-badger-photo-30.html (172 words)

	Dan Bernstein's Attempt to Publish Snuffle and The Legal Issues Raised
		His intent was to publish the algorithm, a paper describing and explaining the algorithm, and a computer program that runs the algorithm, in an international electronic conference known as "sci.crypt", which would initiate contact with the world's academic community.
		In it, Robinson relayed the Department of State's decision that Snuffle is subject to the licensing jurisdiction in accordance with ITAR.
		DTC also insists that it would be a felony for me to publish Snuffle without their blessing and approval." (Bernstein, 7/30/93) It seems ridiculous, but that is what this whole thing comes down to.
	swissnet.ai.mit.edu /6095/student-papers/fall95-papers/kokoski-crypto.html (2908 words)

	Eurasian Badger, Meles meles: Feeding Signs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A snuffle hole dug in an arable field.
		In their search for worms and soil-dwelling grubs of beetles and moths, badgers often dig small pits, scrapes or 'snuffle holes' in the ground.
		Snuffle hole (1); Snuffle hole (2); Remains of wasp nest; Dug out bees' nest - © Steve Jackson.
	www.badgers.org.uk /badgerpages/eurasian-badger-30.html (564 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle is a measurement tool for capturing the protocol messages, internal protocol states and to measure implementation performance on networking nodes.
		Snuffle consists of a set of modules placed in the kernel, device driver and user space.
		In this paper we present Snuffle, a tool suitable for measurements in Internet and a case study in a wireless LAN environment.
	www.tkn.tu-berlin.de /research/easysnuffle (299 words)

	GigaLaw.com: Bernstein v. U.S. Department of Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It must be emphasized, however, that source code is merely text, albeit text that conforms to stringent formatting and punctuation requirements.
		Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169, 173 (2d Cir.1947) (Judge Hand's famous BPL formula to determine "when the absence of a bargee or other attendant will make the owner of the barge liable for injuries to other vessels if she breaks away from her moorings.").
		By developing Snuffle, Bernstein was attempting to demonstrate that a oneway hash function could be employed as the heart of an encryption method.
	www.gigalaw.com /library/bernstein-doj-1999-05-06-p1.html (6705 words)

	Bernstein v. U.S. Department of State
		Bernstein has articulated his mathematical ideas in two ways: in an academic paper in English entitled "The Snuffle Encryption System," and in "source code" written in "C", a high-level computer programming language,[3] detailing both the encryption and decryption, which he calls "Snuffle.c" and "Unsnuffle.c", respectively.
		Defendants, relying on a characterization of Snuffle as conduct, argue that even if that conduct is expressive, the relatively mild O'Brien test should be employed.
		Given that Snuffle source code is speech and not conduct, O'Brien does not appear to provide the appropriate standard under which to evaluate plaintiff's claims.
	www.loundy.com /CASES/Bernstein_v_US.html (6631 words)

	Chapter Snowball <i>to</i> So of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it is obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.
		Snuffling at nose, and croaking in his throat.
		This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or snuffle.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/24085/4.html (179 words)

	Encryption's Bounty
		The government replied that Snuffle was a "munition" under the International Traffic in Arms regulations ("ITAR").
		Although not required for First Amendment protection, the court noted that Snuffle "was also intended, in part, as political expression." Bernstein was deliberately challenging ITAR by creating code which utilized a one-way hash function--an approach he believed was not restricted by the existing regulations.
		The government did not deny that source code is a form of human expression, but claimed that the regulations were aimed only at the functional ability of source code to direct a computer after being compiled into object code.
	www.spectacle.org /699/crypto.html (868 words)

	Eva's Rat FAQ - Snuffle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The first symptom that shows snuffle in a rat is when the rat constantly sneezes.
		The microorganisms that often cause snuffle is extremly contagious at the same time as incubation period vary and often are quite long.
		Snuffle normaly develops as a consequence of two different organisms destructive effect on the rat's respiratory tract, one of these organisms are almost exclusively mycoplasma.
	goto.glocalnet.net /rat/care/snuffle.htm (337 words)

	CyberLaw (tm) -- CODED SPEECH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffle is speech, just like do-it-yourself manuals and technical information about hydrogen bomb construction.
		Characterizing Snuffle as conduct, the Government argues that the standard for assessing conduct regulation under First Amendment is whether:
		Prior restraints have even been struck down in the face of national security concerns." As Snuffle is speech, it is potentially subject to the prior restraint of licensing.
	www.cyberlaw.com /cylw0396.html (1640 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Those items were Snuffle.c and Unsnuffle.c (togetherreferred to as Snuffle 5.0), each submitted in C language source files,and his academic paper describing the Snuffle system.
		A.On August 20, 1992 the ODTC informed Bernstein that after consultation with the Departments of Commerce and Defense it had determined that thecommodity Snuffle 5.0 was a defense article on the USML under Category XIII of the ITAR and subject to licensing by the Department of State prior to export.
		Hence, Snuffle is speech afforded thefull protection of the First Amendment not because it enablesencryption, but because it is itself speech.
	www.securitymanagement.com /library/961206.html (7196 words)

	AWIPS Local Applications Working Group
		Snuffle - There are been recent incidents where Snuffle has been singled out for some extreme CPU usage at a few sites (BRO, LCH, FWD).
		Analysis has shown that the problem is not with Snuffle but bad products being ingested by Snuffle.
		Over the next few months, the LAWG will work with the developer to test Snuffle at another site to verify the testing at CRP before it is provided to all the Snuffle users.
	www.nws.noaa.gov /tdl/awips/mt041100.htm (682 words)

	Bernstein III
		In 1992 plaintiff submitted a commodity jurisdiction ("CJ") request to the State Department to determine whether Snuffle.c and Unsnuffle.c (together referred to as Snuffle 5.0), each submitted in C language source files, and his academic paper describing the Snuffle system, were controlled by ITAR.
		[5] The ODTC determined that the commodity Snuffle 5.0 was a defense article on the USML under Category XIII of the ITAR and subject to licensing by the Department of State prior to export.
		Alleging that he was not free to teach, publish or discuss with other scientists his theories on cryptography embodied in his Snuffle program, plaintiff brought this action challenging the AECA and the ITAR on the grounds that they violated the First Amendment.
	www.cdt.org /crypto/litigation/bernstein3.html (11480 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Previous communications: In my letters of 19 March and 2 April I sent you a total of fourteen yes-no questions, with a few requests for further explanation if necessary.
		Like any other publication, my publication of Snuffle 5.0 will necessarily entail export.
		I asked you on 2 April whether any particular aspects of such an act would be unlawful.
	cr.yp.to /export/1993/0630-bernstein.txt (693 words)

	Bernstein II
		Bernstein has articulated his mathematical ideas in two ways: in an academic paper in English entitled "The Snuffle Encryption System," and in "source code" written in "C", a high-level computer programming language, [3] detailing both the encryption and decryption, which he calls "Snuffle.c" and "Unsnuffle.c", respectively.
		According to plaintiff these items were 1) the paper, "The Snuffle Encryption System," 2) Snuffle.c, 3) Unsnuffle.c, 4) a description in English of [945 F.Supp.
		Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56, summary judgment shall be granted "against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial...
	www.cdt.org /crypto/litigation/bernstein2.html (8659 words)

	TCS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Three of the performers worked underneath a raised 4 foot-high platform using rod puppetry (with mechanical enhancements) to animate the anteater's hands, feet, and head.
		Two other puppeteers used radio control to animated sophisticated mechanisms in the anteater's snout, nose snuffle, mouth, eyes, ears, and brow.
		The character was able to look as if it were breathing as two rubber bladders placed under its chest fur (oh all right, they were Whoopee® cushions!) expanded and retracted.
	www.character-shop.com /anteater.html (742 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - snuffle
		Search for "snuffle" in all of MSN Encarta
		verb (past and past participle snuf·fled, present participle snuf·fling, 3rd person present singular snuf·fles)
		sound of snuffling: an instance or sound of snuffling
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861709468/snuffle.html (110 words)

	snuffles gate command (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Snuffles now has his own email list- for Snuffles (and other stuffies) chat, stories, questions.
		Snuffles Okay, Seth, I couldn't think of anything more clever to call it.
		Snuries= Snuffle Stories (most are based on The Sentinel
	snufflebear.populli.net /SGC (85 words)

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