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Topic: Social solidarity

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	Social Solidarity versus Social Capital by Andy Blunden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The problem with “social capital” is that it introduces the language, concepts and methods of economic science into the political-economy of poverty, whereas what needs to be done is to introduce the language, methods and concepts of political science, especially those of social movements, into the political-economy of poverty.
		For Jane Jacobs — an activist, not an academic — however, the idea of “social capital” arose as a way of communicating the general social and political conditions by means of which a neighbourhood could deal with the challenges of living in the midst of strangers and subject to attack by powerful outside institutions.
		Solidarity is defined as the bond created by an agent voluntarily extending aid to a stranger, under conditions determined by the recipient of solidarity.
	home.mira.net /~andy/works/social-solidarity-preface.htm (2210 words)

	MPIfG Working Paper 99/8, Wolfgang Streeck:Competitive Solidarity: Rethinking the "European Social Model"
		Today's large firms perceive the social solidarity functions they were enlisted to perform by unions and governments in the Fordist era as a cost burden that they must externalize to society at large if they are to survive in their new, more competitive environments.
		Social cohesion is sought, not through equal outcomes, but through equal opportunity; and traditional concepts of solidarity are infused with a bourgeois spirit of efficiency and self-sufficiency, emphasizing individual effort and collective investment in competitiveness at least as much as social entitlements to minimal levels of reward or consumption.
		Social egalitarianism, "communitarian" insistence on individual responsibility, national or regional patriotism, defense of the distinctiveness of domestic institutions combined with resistance to pressures for institutional convergence, and a commitment to international free trade may thus enter into a characteristic, lasting association.
	www.mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de /pu/workpap/wp99-8/wp99-8.html (5158 words)

	LECTURE ON EMILE DURKHEIM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Social fact: a category of facts that consist of ways of acting, thinking and feeling that are external to the individual and are endowed with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him.
		Examples of social facts: legal and moral rules, religious dogma, financial systems (these are established beliefs and practices and imply the existence of social organizations), as well as “social currents” (waves of enthusiasm, indignation and pity produced in a public meeting, etc).
		A social fact is every way of acting, whether fixed or not, which is cabable of exercising an external constraint on the individual; or which is general throughout a given society, whilst having an existence of its own, independently of its individual manifestations.
	home.ku.edu.tr /~dyukseker/lecture-durkheim1-2004.htm (1819 words)

	Glossary of Terms: So (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Those social struggles which arise on the basis of irreconcilable conflicts within a society or which strike at the very basis of society have to be distinguished from social movements, which on the whole, aim to achieve their goals within the bounds of existing society.
		Social democrats often say that the most effective way of defending and improving workers’ living standards is not to award pay rises, but to increase the benefits that workers receive via state services.
		Solidarity was introduced into the English language as a translation from the French at the Chartist Convention in 1848 and was popularised by Ernest Jones’ Chartist “People's Paper” in 1848.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/s/o.htm (4116 words)

	Research in the Parks (Intragroup Social Structure and Social Solidarity in Park Settings)
		Studies of animal rearing in social isolation, which are part of a larger class of sensory deprivation studies, have established that animals reared in essentially sensorially depleted environments tend to show unusual and bizarre adaptations to many common social situations later in life.
		Social groups of the kind which characterize parks, as a special case of leisure locales, tend to be closed groups; that is, individuals not sharing social bonds based upon kinship or friendship ties are unable normally to gain access to the social transactions occurring within them.
		Thus social groups gather in space without the concerns of boundary maintenance so characteristic of much of the space they occupy throughout most of their daily lives, with the exception of those social groups who attempt to impose their own special definition upon a particular subarea of a park through its repeated use.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/symposia/1/chap9.htm (3309 words)

	James Mark Baldwin: The Individual and Society: Chapter 2: Social Solidarity and Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Considered as a sociological concept, solidarity is an affair of the mutual relations of a more permanent sort, subsisting in a group of individuals; as a psychological concept, it connotes the significance of these relations as understood by the individuals themselves, or at least as reflected into their minds more or less consciously.
		From the foregoing considerations it is plain that the course of development in social or collective life has proceeded from the solidarity of biological organization and instinct to the community of mental and intelligent, or strictly social, modes of thought and action.
		Sociology cannot distinguish the social act, the state of fact, the situation, by its mere externals; the key is in the feeling, knowledge, and impulse — the community of all these — found in the representative members of the group.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Baldwin/Baldwin_1911/Baldwin_1911_02.html (6202 words)

	Gustave Le Bon: The Psychology of Socialism: Book 5 Chapter 4: The Social Solidarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To-day the word solidarity is heard far oftener than the old shibboleths of equality and fraternity, and is tending to supplant them.
		Solidarity is the best arm that the weak possess in order to efface to some extent the consequences of social inequalities, and to render them a little less hard.
		It is at once evident that a solidarity between individuals does not exist simply because they are engaged in a common work, the success of which depends on the association of their efforts ; indeed, we very often find the contrary.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/LeBon/LeBon_1899/LeBon_1899_22.html (4575 words)

	The Global quest for Solidarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"The social capital of the family is the relation between children and parents (and, when families include other members, relationships with them as well)," he wrote.
		384).The social capital of the community "resides in the functional community, the actual social relationships that exist among parents, in the closure exhibited by the structure of relations, and in the parent's relations with the institutions of the community" (p.
		Social capital is the relationship between people that enable institutions to function.
	www.crossroad.to /text/articles/solidarity.html (1521 words)

	SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, DEMOCRACY AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM
		Assured of social citizenship benefits from the state, propertyless workers were less desperate to accept poor pay, harassment and poor working conditions [4].
		The orthodox Marxist and liberal social science view was that the bourgeoisie or the "middle class" was the main agent of democracy (Rueschemeyer et al, 1992: 271).
		In place of the old socialisms of the Second and Third International with all their historical baggage, we need new language and concepts that are more inclusive than that of class and that place less emphasis on unity as uniformity and more on respect for differences.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /soc/porterlectures/laxer.htm (10497 words)

	Early childhood education and care contributes to: Social solidarity
		Diversity is a key part of the ECEC context in Canada and social integration of newcomer families is an important aspect of many ECEC programs.
		This can demonstrate to adults and children that co-operation among social classes and ethnic groups is possible and valued.
		They can be a central point for parents, child care providers, health and social service professionals, and community volunteers, enhancing the visibility of children and families in civil society and helping build social cohesion at the community level.
	www.childcarecanada.org /ececis/ssol.html (184 words)

	SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
		In this chapter, Durkheim shows that a social solidarity exists because a certain number of states of consciousness are common to all members of the same society.
		Social life is derived from a dual source: the similarity of individual consciousnesses and the social DOL (172).
		1: a social fact is normal, in relation to a given social type at a given phase of its development, when it is present in the average society of that species at the corresponding phase of its evolution.
	ssr1.uchicago.edu /PRELIMS/Theory/durkheim.html (11107 words)

	Social Solidarity, Democracy and Global Capitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Socially controlled investment funds that have "location commitment" to communities are seen as an alternative to the globalization vision of transnational corporations.
		Although the value of these forms of existing social capital is massive, it is not large enough to transform the economy, even if these funds were transformed to democratic control and to social goals.
		Even if social capital were to become dominant in one or several countries, they would still not be free from global economic pressures emanating from transnationals and global financial institutions.
	www.ola.bc.ca /online/cf/documents/CWlaxe.html (10728 words)

	WSSE - Solidarity Finance
		Since 2001, the Solidarity Finance workshop has focused its interest on the issues of financial tools, used in the North as well as in the South.
		Building social ties and social capital between an institution and its clients is a slow process but on the long term, costs can decrease.
		Since 2003, the Solidarity Finance workshop chose to deepen these reflections in order to define professionally solidarity finance (specific skills, professional activities, management and operational standards) and to raise the lenders awareness concerning the concept and foster their interest in solidarity finance and in the creation of incentives for MFIs.
	finsol.socioeco.org /en (617 words)

	Social Solidarity versus Social Capital by Andy Blunden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		“Social capital” theory aims to extend the concepts and methods of economic science so as to subsume the political-economy of poverty under economics; what is needed on the contrary is a critique of economics which sheds light on the politics of poverty.
		The key concept for understanding the modern social crisis is the “Subject.” The dichotomy of individual versus community obscures the principal problem facing poor or marginalised people both individually and collectively – self-determination, i.e.
		“Social capital” data can be better interpreted in the light of the concept of “subjectivity,” the precondition for which is “social solidarity.” Practical intervention to support the self-determination of stigmatised and impoverished groups requires the disaggregation of the concept of “social capital.”
	home.pacific.net.au /~andy/works/social-solidarity.htm (175 words)

	Language and social action
		Social solidarity and social discord are products of dynamic social processes.
		The collaborative research project focusses on the social organization of affiliative and disaffiliative activities in Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian and Swedish.
		The project pools the research capacities of 20 researchers from Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Sweden and UK, who are on the frontline of research on the micro-analysis of social action in sociology, social psychology, and language studies.
	www.uta.fi /laitokset/sosio/project/affiliation (261 words)

	Social Security solidarity or speculation
		The same politicians who are squeamish about raising the social security tax on the wealthy have no problem tacking a mandatory five years onto your working life.
		Switching to individual retirement accounts embeds in Social Security the principle that it is the individual's investment savvy and not their work that guarantees retirement or disability pay.
		Why not increase social security taxes on the wealthy-only their first $68,400 of wage income is currently taxed.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Society/SocialSecurity.html (783 words)

	Solidarity ~ Sustainability ~ Patriarchy ~ Gender Equity ~ Religious Patriarchy ~ Sustainable Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Objective evidence demonstrates that cross-gender solidarity, and therefore human solidarity and sustainable development, cannot be achieved without a significant mitigation of patriarchal and misogynic domination.
		The term "solidarity" refers to fully inclusive power structures in which decisions are made at the lowest possible level and always taking into acount both the needs of each human person and the common good of humanity.
		Such human solidarity must start with equity between men and women, since all forms of domination are rooted in the domination of women by men.
	www.pelican-consulting.com /solisust01.html (6909 words)

	SparkNotes: Walden: Analysis of Major Characters
		He is a private and ruminative writer rather than a social one, which explains the almost total absence of dialogue in his writing.
		Yet his writing has an imposing sense of social purpose, and we are aware that despite his claimed yearning for privacy, Thoreau hungers for a large audience to hear his words.
		The hermit and the woodsman are both contented with a humble backwoods life; both take a pleasure in physical exertion (Therien is a woodchopper and post-driver, Thoreau is a bean-cultivator); and both are of French Canadian descent, as their names indicate.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/walden/canalysis.html (1425 words)

	Solidarity and Social Justice
		Social Justice on the World Wide Web prepared by Honors Symposium at St. John's University and the College of St. Benedict.
		Catholic Social Studies Project A group of concerned Catholic educators, clergy, and historians, from Canada and US, working in conjunction with the Society of Catholic Social Scientists, that is working to identify areas of weakness in teaching materials and to develop curriculum resources which treat fairly the Catholic contribution and perspective.
		Catholic Social Service of Central and Northern Arizona, served 83,704 people in 1995, with programs including adoptions, chid care, counseling, domestic violence shelter, food pantry, rent/utility assistance, foster care, group homes for children, head Start, home care for elderly and disabled, homeless shelter, immigration services, pregnancy hotline, refugee services, transitional shelters.
	www.justpeace.org /solid.htm (7240 words)

	European Men's Health Forum Community Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity - PROGRESS
		The objective of the programme is to regroup existing DG Employment and Social Affairs action programmes (such as the Community action programme to promote organisations active in the field of equality between men and women, and the Programme relating to the Community framework strategy on gender equality).
		PROGRESS is on the agenda of the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council of the 3rd of March 2005.
		The employment and social affairs Committee is due to adopt its report in its meeting of the 15
	www.emhf.org /index.cfm/item_id/243 (690 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Social Solidarity and the Gift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bringing together two traditions of thinking about social ties (sociological theory on solidarity and anthropological theory on gift exchange), this book explores how both traditions may complete and enrich each other, and clarifies transformations in solidarity.
		Supported by empirical illustrations, it assumes that a theory of solidarity should incorporate some of the core insights from anthropological gift theory.
		The volume presents a theoretical model covering both positive and negative--selective and excluding--aspects and consequences of solidarity.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521600847 (251 words)

	The Politics of Social Solidarity - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This book examines the social bases of the European welfare state, and the interests developed in or against social policy by various classes of society, during the period 1875—1975 in Britain, France, Germany, Denmark and Sweden.
		By analysing the competing concerns of different social factors that lie behind the evolution of social policy, it explains why some nations have had an easy time in developing a generous and solidaristic welfare state while others fought long and entrenched battles.
		In particular, the book examines the period after the Second World War and looks in detail at the stake developed by the bourgeoisie in welfare policies.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521428939 (376 words)

	Social Solidarity Contract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this respect, we judge that the government of this province has the moral obligation to correct without delay this situation.
		The undersigned requests, along with the N.B. Common Front for the Social Justice;
		N.B. Common Front for Social Justice, 96 Norwood Ave., #208, Moncton, N.B. or
	frontnb.ca /Document/Debut/Contrat_en.htm (243 words)

	Foundation BNP Paribas \| Social Solidarity \| BNP Paribas Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Major NGOs or more modest associations each try in their own way to fight against various forms of exclusion.
		The BNP Paribas Foundation has chosen to support pilot projects aimed at encouraging social reinsertion of handicapped persons or those in need.
		Furthermore, every year, the Foundation coordinates a campaign in which season greetings cards produced by the UNICEF are sold throughout the bank's network in France.
	www.bnpparibas.com /en/foundation/solidarite.asp (76 words)

	Social Solidarity Network
		The Network will finance the activities of 13 social programs, which will be executed at the municipal level through NGOs or the private sector.
		CONSULTANTS: Consultants will be hired for institutional strengthening of executing agencies and local governmental institutions.
		In addition, small-scale works to construct, improve and recondition roads, bridges and cable lines will be included.
	www.iadb.org /exr/doc98/apr/co889e.htm (171 words)

	Solidarity for Social Change :: Campus Activism
		We are a network of individuals and representatives of groups in solidarity for social change.
		We are building up energy for a multi-racial movement for social justice that actively makes connections between our many struggles and open up lines of communication and cooperation between the many groups active within the activist community, Third World community, the arts community and the faith based activist community both on and off campus.
		This network formed out of folks organizing a Week in Solidarity for Social Change, which took place November 2-7, 2003.
	www.campusactivism.org /displaygroup-673.htm (178 words)

	Tim Worstall: Sweden and Social Solidarity
		As a rough approximation this heavily statist economy is what is being prescribed for us in the EU Constitution.
		It's what is meant by " social Europe ", "intergenerational solidarity " and " sustainable development ".
		Listed below are links to weblogs that reference Sweden and Social Solidarity:
	timworstall.typepad.com /timworstall/2004/05/sweden_and_soci.html (303 words)

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