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	Social constructionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Socially constructed reality is seen as an ongoing, dynamic process; reality is re-produced by people acting on their interpretations and their knowledge of it.
		Social constructionism is dialectically opposed to essentialism, the belief that there are defining transhistorical essences independent of conscious beings that determine the categorical structure of reality.
		Social constructionism can be seen as a source of the postmodern movement, and has been influential in the field of cultural studies.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_constructionism (2159 words)

	Encyclopedia: Social constructionism
		Social constructionism is an important concept in narrative and identity research and theorizing.
		The social construction of identity refers to the idea that so much of modern life is controlled by advertising, by our social institutions of school, finance, work, that there is little freedom for the individual to try on narratives that fit, find unique stories and formulate his/her own identity.
		One of the concepts of social constructionism that applies here is the idea that individuals really have far less control over their identity development than we have presumed, in that so many of these unstated assumptions have been supported by privilege that they continue to shape much of the situatedness of our everyday lives.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Social-constructionism (1285 words)

	Social constructionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Their focus is on the description of the institution s, the action s, and so on, not on analyzing causes and effects.
		Socially constructed reality is seen as an on-going dynamic process ; reality is re-produced by people acting on their interpretation and their knowledge of it.
		The Microarchaeology of Social Practice - The theoretical foundation is neither processual nor postprocessual in character, but build upon poststructuralist theory enhanced with a necessary touch of constructionism.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Social_constructionism.html (425 words)

	Social Constructionism: Chapter 1
		Constructionism is usually thought of as an educational theory, rather than as a theory with broader social implications.
		Constructionism is one such theory, and I have found this to be the case in an urban setting in which I live and on which I focus my research.
		Social constructionism adds further harmony to sociocultural and constructivist views by revealing that the social setting is also enhanced by the developmental activity of the individual.
	xenia.media.mit.edu /~acs/chapter1.html (3184 words)

	Partisan Review
		The weakness of social constructionism as an epistemology lies in the fact that one can agree with the bare premise that knowledge is a construct, but disagree with the conclusion that objectivity is impossible and that the contents of knowledge are dependent upon the social conditions of the knower.
		Social constructionists overlook this distinction between discovery (the circumstances of a theory’s origin) and justification (the establishment of its truth).
		This is one of the curiosities of social constructionism, and why people err in attacking it on epistemological grounds, that is, on grounds of truth, evidence, and objectivity.
	www.bu.edu /partisanreview/archive/2001/2/bauerlein.html (5240 words)

	FQS 6(1) Ratner: Social Constructionism as Cultism. Comments on: "'Old-Stream' Psychology Will Disappear With the ...
		Social constructionism is thus a form of cultism.
		The cultism of social constructionism is intensified by rejecting criticism.
		Social constructionism is powerless to refute such absurdities because there is no reality which could refute them.
	www.qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/1-05/05-1-28-e.htm (881 words)

	Aimee Van Wagenen Wrin
		Social constructionism is a paradigm in the social sciences that has become a main contender in the paradigm wars for the understanding of social processes, generally, and gender, in particular.
		Nevertheless, the use of the language of social constructionism is a testament to its growing popularity.
		Social theorist and filmmaker, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, is well known for her figuring of subjectivity as Not-I. Trinh, like Haraway and Butler, is skeptical of origin stories where subjects have a "pure origin" and a "true self." Instead Trinh figures subjectivity as "infinite layers" (1989).
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/soc/SocialMoments/vanwag7.htm (5864 words)

	Social Constructionism, Authority and Consensus and Dissent
		One of the main tenets of social construction theory is that authority lies in the hands of a "community of knowledgeable peers" (Bruffee 1, 199) instead of an abstract "truth" or a single person.
		Hence, knowledge is defined by Rorty as "socially justified belief." Since there is no universal ground of truth or knowledge from which to speak, the authority of knowledge resides in "an agreement, a consensus arrived at for the time being by communities of knowledgeable peers" (Bruffee 1, 199).
		This was the case in one collaborative class described by Carrie Shively Leverenz, in which one student, a white senior English major and trained peer tutor, dominated her group with her notions of "correct" writing style and emphasis on textual evidence, despite the teacher's openness to non-traditional forms of discourse (Leverenz, JAC 14.1, 1994).
	sites.unc.edu /daniel/131spring99/papers/Wayne.html (2442 words)

	Social constructionism vs. technological determinism @ infosophy: Socio-technological Rendering of Information
		Or, when an attempt is made to explain an issue or a research problem either by the technological determinism or by the social constructionism theoretical and methodological frameworks independently, the resulting analysis and conclusions would not be complete.
		For example, if one is to research the usability of collaboration tools in an organizational settings, the social constructionism for most part takes the view that the information and communication technologies are just tools to be used by the employees to perform their assigned tasks and that these tools do not effect...
		It is almost obvious that in real life both the social structures affect the development and the design of information technology, and information technology on the other side affect the social structures and how we use them.
	www.kmentor.com /socio-tech-info/archives/000010.html (653 words)

	Is Social Constructionism an Appealing Construction? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Social factors are irrelevant both for determining a person's sexual orientation as well as for people's understanding of this concept.
		Social constructionists do not believe in the possibility of value-free foundations or sources of knowledge, nor do they conceptualize a clear objective-subjective distinction, or a clear distinction between 'knowledge' and 'reality'.
		Essentialism is often seen as the antithesis of constructionism in claiming that some objects, no matter what their definitions or descriptions, have properties that are timeless and immutable, and these properties are not only requisite to their existence but are expressed in their definitions and descriptions.
	hem.passagen.se /nicb/construct.htm (3944 words)

	What is social constructionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is called ‘social constructionism’ because it aims to account for the ways in which phenomena are socially constructed.
		Gergen (1973) - ‘Social psychology as history’ - psychology is not like a natural science - at best it can relate, describe, and sometimes try to explain the phenomena of social life, where those phenomena are specific to a particular time, place and culture - more like history.
		Within a social group or culture, reality is defined not so much by individual acts, but by complex and organized patterns of ongoing actions.
	www.psy.dmu.ac.uk /michael/soc_con_disc.htm (1945 words)

	Social constructionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		social social service social class social disease social distortion social sciences social justice social learning social science social marketing social studies social security social networking
		Social Security or Social Insecurity Criticizes Social Security trust funds and the government's borrowing money from Social Security.
		Social Influence Theories Lecture notes covering cognitive dissonance theory, social influence, social judgment, the elaboration likelihood model, and the theory of reasoned action.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Social_constructionism.html (651 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Social Constructionism: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the text is broadly sympathetic to social constructionism, the weaknesses of the approach are also addressed through a critical approach to the material, and in the final chapter the theory is subjected to a more extensive critique.
		Social Constructionism, Second Edition, extends and updates the material covered in the first edition and will be a useful and informative resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of psychology, as well as students from related areas such as health, social work and education.
		If you are new to the subject of social constructionism and are looking for a book which provides a good introduction and helps the newcomer (or often new student) get to grips with the subject then this book "does exactly what it says on the tin".
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0415317606 (732 words)

	ACJ Special: Constructivism in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Further, social constructionism is relativistic in emphasizing how contextual, linguistic, and relational factors combine to determine the kinds of human beings that people will become and how their views of the world will develop.
		Further, social constructionism’s reluctance to privilege knowledge developed in one context over knowledge developed in another make it a more relativistic approach than either personal or radical constructivism, which at least pay lip service to the idea that some constructions are better than others.
		Interestingly, several social constructionists have argued the reverse position—that this inherent relativism is one of the strongest assets of the postmodern perspective, generating a less dogmatic and righteous society that is more open and flexible (Edwards, Ashmore, and Potter, 1995; Gergen, 1994; Raskin, 2001).
	www.acjournal.org /holdings/vol5/iss3/special/raskin.htm (7646 words)

	Chapter VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A teacher who adopts social constructionism must embrace two fundamentals about the way teaching happens: "(1) we have to focus on the learner in thinking about learning (not the subject/lesson to be taught); (2) there is no knowledge independent of the meaning attributed to experience (constructed) by the learner, or community of learners" (Hein).
		Social constructionism’s concern with the creation and consensus of knowledge through group-established goals and group-directed negotiation of ideas favors the knowledge negotiated between groups of peers in the classroom.
		Two marks of social constructionism are exactly these circumstances of learning environments: the environments foster discourse that is authentic within the larger context of the students’ learning in the course, and they engage students in metacognitive reflection on their writing and learning.
	courses.lib.odu.edu /engl/jaenglis/diss/chapter6.html (17110 words)

	Serge Moscovici. Social Representations Theory and Social Constructionism
		Social constructionism presents itself in association with the linguistic turning-point as a new beginning.
		Because I came upon the notion of constructionism in the context of the theory of social representations and understood it as a theoretical, not a metatheoretical one.
		Those who do leave aside the part about social communications, thus the part in which the communication process appears basically as a process of change of the representations in the course of political and ideological struggles in which psychoanalysis was at stake, with the cultural change it meant.
	psyberlink.flogiston.ru /internet/bits/mosc1.htm (4329 words)

	Social Constructionism
		I should perhaps make it clear that I shall be analyzing social constructionist theory about the alleged ‘constructs’ of sex, gender, race, and class, or in other fields such as literature, art and the cinema, only in so far as they impinge directly upon the concept of homosexuality in history.
		The social constructionists maintain that significant shifts took place in the nineteenth century – because that is when their political theory requires them to have taken place as part of the dialectics of revolution.
		It was early recognized that social constructionism seemed to be founded upon historical ignorance, but it is no longer possible to dismiss this ignorance as a product of youthful over-enthusiasm for a new idea.
	www.infopt.demon.co.uk /social02.htm (1732 words)

	Social Constructionism: Introduction
		The economic realities in modern urban settings appear to be producing unforeseen consequences that are forcing many to rebuild the premises, the assumptions and the institutions that serve as the organizational foundations for their lives and their communities.
		This scenario is one of social retrenchment and retreat.
		Constructionism, epistemological pluralism and dynamic objectivity are three important theoretical models to consider.
	xenia.media.mit.edu /~acs/introduction.html (1794 words)

	Brad Cox, Ph.D.
		The Collapse Of The Ussr And The Destiny Of Socialism By Sam Marcy On March 11, 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev took over as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		Social Text Afterward Alas, the editors of Social Text have discovered that my article, ``Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity'', which appeared in Social Text #46/47, is a parody.
		Sokal's reply to the social text editorial I confess to amusement that one Social Text editor still doesn't believe my piece was a parody.
	virtualschool.edu /mon/SocialConstruction (6662 words)

	Amazon.com: An Invitation to Social Construction: Books: Kenneth J. Gergen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An Invitation to Social Construction is an elegant overview of social constructionism from a major figure in the movement, that is at once panoptic and accessible as an introductory text.
		The book is essential reading for all students and academics interested in social constructionism and contemporary issues and debates across the social sciences.
		Kenneth Gergen's new book, An Invitation to Social Construction (Sage 1999), may be the best introduction to the scholarship on social constructionism available today -- but, that's not all it is. It is also an inspiring and optimistic vision of what we can do to create better lives for ourselves.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0803983778?v=glance (1648 words)

	Social Constructionism and Theology
		Within the social sciences, social constructionism is a growing theory.
		Although its forms vary, this theory is one to which not only social scientists, but also researchers in the psychology and sociology of religion, adhere.
		This volume demonstrates the importance of reflection on the emerging concept of social constructionism in the social sciences by scholars of practical theology.
	www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=9849 (221 words)

	Postmodernism and Social Constructionism: postmodern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Re: Postmodernism and Social Constructionism Randa Almahasneh 00:17:26 3/17/104 (
		Re: Postmodernism and Social Constructionism violet barrett-Kobes 06:19:06 3/15/100 (
		Re: Postmodernism and Social Constructionism mirla borkowske 04:30:23 1/24/100 (
	killdevilhill.com /postmodernchat/messages2/1978.html (416 words)

	Theory & Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		University of New Hampshire, Durham, U.S.A. Greenwood's (1992) views are criticized from a social constructionist's point of view.
		It is argued that constructionism, because of its radical reflexivity, confronts itself with problems not faced by realism.
		Although it is true that constructionists do not treat talk as referring to an extra-linguistic reality 'outside' of our conversational existence, this does not mean to say that we think just anything goes.
	www.psych.ucalgary.ca /thpsyc/abstracts/abstracts_2.2/Shotter.html (118 words)

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