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Topic: Social divisions

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	Takis Fotopoulos - Class Divisions Today-The Inclusive Democracy Approach
		Instead, class divisions have to be redefined to extend beyond the original conception of them which was restricted to the economic sphere, and a new class model should be developed, which would embrace the politics of ‘difference’ and ‘identity’ and would be appropriate to the era of an internationalised market economy.
		Therefore, although class divisions, in the sense of anti-systemic social divisions, were obviously present in pre-market economy systems, such divisions usually were expressed as political, cultural or religious divisions rather than as economic ones, despite the fact that huge disparities in the distribution of income and wealth were evident.
		A new social consensus was achieved which relied on the explicit or implicit agreement between capital and trade unions, and the political parties representing their respective interests, aiming at the reproduction of the mixed economy, that is, of the economic system that expressed what has been called ‘the social-democratic consensus’.
	www.democracynature.org /dn/vol6/takis_class.htm (10679 words)

	The Great Divide: Ethical Divisions between Social Liberals and Social Conservatives Regarding Sexual Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Generally speaking, the socially liberal are found on the center-left of the political spectrum, and include labor unions, women's and gay rights organizations, human-rights tribunals, much of the popular media, a good proportion of the "intelligentsia"," and, it may be argued, the judiciary.
		Social conservatives tend to occupy the political right, and may be found in large numbers among those who adhere to organized religions, and many immigrant cultural groups.
		The socially liberal appear to be in the ascendancy and have been remarkably successful in achieving many of their goals to "modernize" culture and society.
	www.narth.com /docs/greatdivide.html (1478 words)

	Issue 1-For Whom an Inclusive Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In fact, the social division of labour ceases to have hierarchical implications when the social individuals are really capable of selecting/changing their position in it and when this position does not imply any special social or economic privileges.
		The limits of the power of the dominant social groups, as well as that of the subordinate ones, are determined by the degree of their self-organisation and also by the degree in which the dominant group’s ends/means are internalised by the subordinate ones.
		As the theoreticians of social liberalism recognise, although confidence in professional politicians and government institutions is in drastic decline, the decay of parliamentary politics is not the same as depoliticisation.
	www.inclusivedemocracy.org /journal/is1/for_whom.htm (9413 words)

	INDIAN HISTORY: Caste, Social Stratification, mobility, Brahminism, Gupta, Islamic rule, invasions, pluralism, gender, ...
		Social divisions and inequities were a convenient tool in the arsenal of the colonizers.
		Social mobility was possible since learning was not an exclusive preserve of the Brahmins and both the Buddhist and Jain sanghas admitted people from different social backgrounds and also admitted women.
		While some social analysts have tried to analyze Hindu society during the period of Islamic rule as though it had been untouched by the Islamic invasions and left to stagnate in a cocoon of its own making, others have succumbed to illusory simplifications such as Islam was an egalitarian faith whereas Hinduism had caste divisions.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/social.htm (9136 words)

	The Social Security Scam
		Social security has been an amazing program that just refuses to die or even just be criticized.
		The brilliance of social security is that it avoids the potential social divisions which might cause some resistance to the program.
		Certainly social security will be more important to a candidate campaigning in a state with a lot of old people like Florida or Arizona, but you never hear about a presidential candidate emphasizing his anti-social security platform in, say, Nevada.
	www.lewrockwell.com /mcmaken/mcmaken11.html (1366 words)

	Social distance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social distance describes the distance between different groups of society and is opposed to locational distance.
		Social periphery is a term often used in conjunction with social distance.
		The social periphery of a city is often located in the centre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_distance (216 words)

	Social Divisions must end - Donald Dewar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Donald Dewar today confirmed social exclusion as his number one social policy priority when he launched an assault on social divisions in Scotland.
		It is a partnership which involves all the key public sector agencies in pooling their resources for the benefit of the area - but more importantly a partnership which involves local people, to ensure that the regeneration of the community is based on real needs and opportunities.
		Initiatives like this childcare project show what can be done in a positive way to promote inclusion, by providing a safe and stimulating environment for local children, and allowing their parents to take advantage of opportunities to enter training and employment, generating long-term benefits for local families and the local economy.
	www.scotland.gov.uk /news/releas98/pr0182.htm (990 words)

	Social Identities, Inequalities and Social Change \| Oxford Brookes University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Social diversity and new forms of social identity and inequality are important features of the modern global world.
		Multiculturalism, new migrations and debates on social justice and citizenship that emerge out of these currents are increasingly important areas of academic and policy debates at the transnational level.
		It examines the social inequalities in education, the notion of meritocracy, the social relations of production, technologies and skills in the workplace, the changing nature of work and employment, and its relationship to different forms of social inequality in the labour market such as gender, ethnicity and social class.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /postgraduate/courses/socid (1685 words)

	Krishna.com - Anatomy of the Social Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Social or political structures created by man and imposed upon human society do not last, because they are concocted and artificial.
		The social body must have a head to direct it, arms to protect it, a stomach to feed it, and legs to support it.
		Divisions of the social body are meant for cooperation -- not for competition or exploitation.
	www.krishna.com /printarticles/Anatomy_Social_Body.html (1541 words)

	The U.S.-Mexican War . Prelude to War . The Divisions in Mexico during the War with the United States \| PBS
		At the time when it had to face the war with the United States, Mexico was living through the effects of profound economic, political and social divisions, lingering from the colonial regime from which the nation had extricated itself barely two decades before.
		In fact in 1821, after 11 years of war, the New-Hispanic oligarchy chose to move away from the mother country, rather than risk the threat to their privileges that came from the just-reinstated radical “cortes” (equivalent to a parliament).
		Since, in addition to the uncertainty caused by Spain's refusal of independence for the new nation, the presence of Spaniards was seen as a new threat to national security, the nation resorted to a massive expulsion of Spaniards.
	www.pbs.org /kera/usmexicanwar/prelude/dm_divisions.html (660 words)

	ULSF \| University Leaders For A Sustainable Future \| PUBLICATIONS: The Declaration
		Once aware of these critical elements of the social fabric, it should be apparent that very few environmental problems could be solved simply with new technology, a better law, or the dedication of business and political leaders to greening industry.
		This would mean making explicit the class forces that seek to socialize the costs of their profit-seeking behavior, and identifying how the call for sustainable development has been co-opted by these forces to ensure their continued domination.
		Social goals became increasingly focused on economic growth as a means of avoiding difficult questions of values; the idea was to satisfy as many preferences as possible rather than have to make difficult choices about which values are to outweigh others.
	www.ulsf.org /pub_declaration_curvol71.htm (6628 words)

	Social Psychology Study Guide
		Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
		Social traps are situations in which conflicting parties may become caught in mutually destructive behavior as they pursue their own ends, thus creating an outcome that no one wants.
		Social exchange theory proposes that underlying all behavior, including helping, is the desire to maximize our benefits (which may include our own good feelings) and minimize our costs.
	www.rit.edu /~garncd/Psych/SocialPsych.html (1917 words)

	Euro2day :: Ecuador election reveals deep social divisions
		When Lucio Gutiérrez, the country's last elected president, stepped down in April 2005 in the face of violent protests in Quito, he became the third head of state in eight years to be forced from office early.
		That could be very unsettling in a country beset by divisions and in which presidents have been toppled by relatively small street demonstrations.
		The candidate himself does not deny that his approach is combative, but argues that social divisions are natural in a system that has not worked for the underprivileged.
	www.euro2day.gr /articlesfna/22132133 (1513 words)

	Germany: Court ruling on Berlin budget deepens social divisions
		This judgement by Germany’s highest court is the latest in a series of actions that have exacerbated social and regional divisions in order to enforce a strict budgetary discipline.
		The ruling coalition, consisting of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Left Party, currently involved in negotiations over a new term of office, has made drastic cuts in the spheres of education, welfare and public services while selling off tens of thousands of state-owned apartment buildings to private investors.
		Such measures were necessary, according to the mayor, Klaus Wowereit, and his finance senator, Thilo Sarrazin, to demonstrate Berlin’s willingness to cut costs and win additional federal subsidies, thereby improving the financial situation for the city on a long-term basis.
	wsws.org /articles/2006/oct2006/germ-o25.shtml (1251 words)

	MOSt Publication: The Social Sustainability of Cities
		The authors conclude that policies conducive to social sustainability should, among other things, seek to promote fiscal equalization, to weave communities within the metropolis into a cohesive whole, and to provide transport systems that ensure equal access to public services and workplaces, all within the framework of an open and democratic local governing structure.
		For this purpose, the Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Programme was created in 1994 with the goals of (a) improving understanding by generating policy-relevant knowledge on three major issues of our time: managing multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism, city governance, and coping with the impact of globalization; and (b) improving the communication between researchers and decision-makers.
		In a world where many of the social, economic, demographic, environmental, and technological processes have become transnational and global, we believe this to be a useful undertaking.
	www.unesco.org /most/p3book.htm (3188 words)

	Social Work Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Focus is on human behavior in the social environment with an emphasis on groups, organizations, and communities from a social systems perspective.
		Social aspects of aging, including changing role definitions of the elderly and the special problems of growing old in today's society; services to the elderly population.
		This course is designed to heighten students sensitivity to the ethical aspects of social work practice to aid them in developing a personal approach to such issues, and to help them consider the essential elements in ethical decision making in professional practice.
	www.brescia.edu /index.asp?PageID=3813 (745 words)

	Social Differences and Divisions : About the Book
		Throughout the book, students are guided through the major theoretical approaches to social stratification and given the opportunity to use and critically assess the results of relevant social surveys and statistics.
		Social Differences and Divisions explores key issues of class, gender, 'race' and ethnicity at length.
		Although each chapter concentrates on specific social categories or sites of difference, the text as a whole is connected by its focus on the inter-relationship between differences and divisions in the complex construction of social identities.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /ou/Social_Differences/about.htm (444 words)

	Dalton, Social Bases of Parties
		Contemporary divisions between religious denominations and between secular and religious groups are--a continuation of these earlier social divisions.
		The Social Democrats are closer to the conservative CDU and FDP on this dimension than they are to the Greens.
		Furthermore, a follow-up question asking about the partisan leanings of social groups found that Clinton was perceived as the preferred candidate for the women's movement (73 percent), the civil rights movement (68 percent), labor unions (66 percent), and environmental groups (64 percent).
	www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Dalton/Dalton.htm (5823 words)

	Social Divisions
		Social psychologist Alice Eagly has done extensive research on attitudes and attitude change as well as gender stereotypes and sex differences in social behavior.
		Sociologist Susan Thistle is completing a book that traces the dismantling of support for women’s household work, the economic and political disruptions accompanying their move into the labor force, and the intersection of this process with sectoral shifts in the wage economy.
		She has found a sharp drop in poverty among unmarried women of both races, tied primarily to increased education and labor force attachment joined with a widening gap between poor and non-poor women.
	www.northwestern.edu /ipr/research/socialdivisions.html (433 words)

	Uganda - HISTORICAL LEGACIES AND SOCIAL DIVISIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Second, there was an economic divide between the pastoralists, who occupied the drier rangelands of the west and north, and the agriculturists, who cultivated the better-watered highland or lakeside regions.
		Third, there was a long-standing division between the centralized and sometimes despotic rule of the ancient African kingdoms and the kinship-based politics of recent times, which were characterized by a greater sense of equality and participation.
		Another divisive factor was the uneven development in the colonial period, whereby the south secured railroad transport, cash crops, mission education, and the seat of government, seemingly at the expense of other regions which were still trying to catch up after independence.
	countrystudies.us /uganda/3.htm (518 words)

	Basic Principles Behind Social Doctrine
		Catholic social teaching often mentions the importance of the human person, or concepts such as the common good, but without going into much detail as to what they mean.
		After explaining the foundational elements underlying the Church's social doctrine the newly published Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church dedicates a couple of chapters to the human person and to a series of principles.
		In fact, the entire body of social teaching offered by the Church "develops from the principle that affirms the inviolable dignity of the human person" (No. 107).
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/social_justice/sj00187.html (1242 words)

	Beyond Social Security: The Local Aspects of an Aging America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Americans know that we are on the edge of a national social security crisis, sparked by the retirement of 76 million people, the baby boomers, which will begin in 2011.
		This means that the social divisions that exist across space for the entire resident population become perpetuated, and even exacerbated, among the elderly population.
		Yet the difficulties that have always arisen within the suburbs and cities with respect to issues of zoning, land use, and conflicting political interests may only serve to squelch the emergence of different policies.
	www.brookings.org /es/urban/publications/freysocialsecurityexsum.htm (1421 words)

	Ethnicity and Class: Social Divisions in an Indian city
		The city is home to multiple linguistic groups with Kannada and Marathi both contending for linguistic, and consequently, social and political prominence.
		Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate the significance of class in analyzing the dynamics of social life and its contribution in India.
		This volume will be useful to social scientists, media commentators, and any one interested in comprehending social dynamics in contemporary India.
	exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDF346 (278 words)

	Social Work Program
		Social Work majors are prepared as entry-level generalist social workers and graduate with a Bachelor of Social Work degree from Mississippi State University-Meridian Campus.
		Our graduates are respected by the social services community and are sought to fill the social work positions.
		Some of the traditional areas are: adolescent care in residual facilities, work with elderly in nursing homes, multi-service community centers, youth work, and social work lobbyist.
	msuinfo.ur.msstate.edu /meridian/divisions/arts/social.html (204 words)

	DIVISION FOR SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT - DESA - UNITED NATIONS
		Seeks to strengthen international cooperation for social development with particular attention to poverty eradication, employment generation and social integration, especially with due regard to issues relating to older persons, persons with disabilities, family, youth, persons in situations of conflict and indigenous peoples.
		To mark the end of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty, the Division of Social Policy and Development, in collaboration with United Nations agencies and civil society, is organising the International Forum on the Eradication of Poverty [more...]
		Johan Schölvinck, Director of the Division for Social Policy and Development, DESA.
	www.un.org /esa/socdev (246 words)

	Elusive Togetherness: Church Groups Trying to Bridge America's Social Divisions Christian Century - Find Articles
		Religious groups are also being asked--and are asking themselves--to build the social bridges that strengthen America's civil society.
		Where strong social bridges have not been built in the past, it's not because no one has thought of it.
		To understand the conditions for solidary, empowering civic relationships, it is not enough to ask about rates of group participation or stocks of social capital.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_8_123/ai_n16134261 (788 words)

	Social Protection Strategy - Operational Assignments and Responsibilities - ADB.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		determination of country priorities: country division/unit, resident missions, social sector divisions, assisted by the social development division in the central technical department, i.e., regional and sustainable development department (RSD);
		reinforcement of collateral issues and safeguards: sector divisions, resident missions, office of the general counsel, operation services offices, overview by the social development division in RSD;
		The Action Plan is based on the proposed working paper Reorganization of ADB (dated 5 July 2001); if needed, the action plan will be modified to reflect Board recommendations on ADB’s organization, and its pages replaced.
	www.adb.org /Documents/Policies/Social_Protection/social404.asp (184 words)

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