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Topic: Social facilitation

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	Social facilitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social facilitation is the tendency for people to be aroused into better performance on simple tasks (or tasks at which they are expert) when under the eye of others, rather than while they are alone.
		Today, most social psychologists believe that social facilitation in humans is influenced by both physiological arousal (as in Zajonc's theory) and cognitive processes (such as distraction, and also evaluation apprehension).
		Social loafing is the tendency of individuals to slack in a group when work is pooled and individual performance is not being evaluated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_facilitation (424 words)

	Intelligent Social Learning
		One of the cognitive processes responsible for social propagation is social learning, broadly meant as the process by means of which agents' acquisition of new information is caused or favoured by their being exposed to one another in a common environment.
		Social learning results from one or other of a number of social phenomena, the most important of which are social facilitation and imitation.
		A general notion of social learning is then introduced and the two main processes which may lead to it, social facilitation and imitation, will be defined as different steps on a continuum of cognitive complexity.
	cfpm.org /cpmrep59.html (377 words)

	A Test of Social Facilitation as a Predictor of Home Performance Advantage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Social facilitation represents a process in which people's performance varies depending on whether or not they are in the presence of others.
		For social facilitation to explain home performance advantage, an explanation of social facilitation effects must be able to distinguish why the presence of a home audience would affect teams differently than the presence of a road audience.
		A formal test of social facilitation was conducted by examining shooting percentages at home and on the road in college basketball games for shots of varying difficulty and across teams with differing shooting abilities.
	www.scientificjournals.org /articles/1012.htm (3762 words)

	Online Groups and Social Loafing: Understanding Student-Group Interactions
		It is precisely the nature of this social and psychological phenomenon that should inspire researchers and educators to pursue the impact and possible mitigating factors for their occurrence.
		Subsequent research confirms the existence of the social loafing phenomenon (Mulvey and Klein, 1998; Kerr, 1983; Williams and Karau, 1991; Weldon, Blair, and Huebsch, 2000; and Liden, Wayne, Jaworski, and Bennett, 2004).
		Social loafing is a contagious and culminating behavior.
	www.westga.edu /~distance/ojdla/winter84/piezon84.htm (4427 words)

	Social psychology (psychology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social psychologists have also maintained their applied interests, with contributions in health and environmental psychology, as well as the psychology of the legal system.
		Social facilitation, for example, is a tendency to work harder and faster in the presence of others.
		Social psychology is an empirical science that attempts to answer a variety of questions about human behavior by testing hypotheses, both in the laboratory and in the field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology) (4631 words)

	Social Facilitation
		of another: this is known as social facilitation and is one of the oldest topics in social psychology...
		Intelligent Social Learning Intelligent Social Learning One of the cognitive processes responsible for social propagation is social learning, broadly meant as the process by means of which agents' acquisition of new information is caused or...
		Social facilitation describes the e?ect on performance due to the mere pres...
	insports.fecksports.com /socialfacilitation (774 words)

	:: Welcome to Social Psychology ::
		Research in the area of social facilitation has shown that the presence of others is arousing, and that arousal increases people's tendencies to do what they are already predisposed to do.
		Moreover, distraction-conflict theory explains social facilitation by noting that awareness of another person can distract an individual and create a conflict between attending to the other person and to the task at hand, a conflict that is itself arousing.
		Social loafing is the tendency to exert less effort on a group task when individual contributions cannot be monitored.
	www.wwnorton.com /socialPsych/reviews/ch02.asp (625 words)

	Ironies of Social Control
		Social controllers are thought to be in a relentless struggle with autonomous criminals, who freely choose to violate the law, and who always do what they are charged with having done.
		The return to private profit-making social control systems, with their clear incentives for generating and managing deviant populations, may mean a return of some of the abuses that were conducive to the eighteenth and early nineteenth century move from private to public responses to crime (Spitzer and Scull, 1977).
		Because of their intentionality, nonenforcement and covert facilitation are social control strategies; this cannot be said of escalation which is defined by its unintended consequences, though these may be present with the former as well.
	web.mit.edu /gtmarx/www/ironies.html (13850 words)

	Social Facilitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While there may be no way of defining the most complex social situation it is fairly clear that the minimum social situation is one in which two (2) organisms are in some proximity to one another.
		That is, social situations are held to be facilitating, inhibiting, or indifferent in effect in terms of criteria such as number of items completed, number or errors, time to completions, and others.
		Although there may be varying results form social conditions, the general discussion of this area is typically lumped under the rubric: social facilitation.
	samiam.colorado.edu /~mcclella/expersim/introsocial.html (628 words)

	RFA-DA-06-004: Social Neuroscience
		Social neuroscience seeks to explain social behavior (i.e., behavior influenced by or occurring in the presence of others) in terms of:(1) the information processing mechanisms that motivate and guide social behavior; and (2) the neurobiological mechanisms (genetic, hormonal, biochemical, physiological) that underlie social behavior.
		The social environment, itself, is multifaceted and comprises a dynamic set of environmental and behavioral interactions that influence the connections among individuals such as, parent and child, husband and wife, groups, institutions, and societies.
		Social context is an important contributor to the initiation, escalation, maintenance, relapse to, and consequences and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DA-06-004.html (9134 words)

	UMHS Press Release: Adult Facilitation of Social Integration Studies
		The Adult Facilitation of Social Integration Studies are a three-year project funded by the Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs.
		This situation is typically the result of the stigma often attached to those with physical or mental disabilities and a lack of peer understanding about their disabilities, says the studies' co-principal investigator Pamela J. Dixon, Ph.D., a lecturer in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
		The success of a child's socialization through mainstream and special education school programs is due to several factors including the child's social skills, peer acceptance, teacher facilitation and family circumstances.
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2003/afsis.htm (841 words)

	PMR: AFSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Its purpose is to identify what works in the realm of social integration strategies and provide a foundation upon which to build practices specific to children ages 6 to 12 who have a disability.
		At this point, it appears that successful social inclusion in the school environment is the result of several interrelated factors including the child's social skills, peer acceptance, teacher facilitation and family factors.
		The primary hypothesis for this investigation is that methods of social facilitation by parents and teachers will predict social integration and quality of life of children with a disability, controlling for specific child characteristics.
	www.med.umich.edu /pmr/afsis/index.htm (293 words)

	NIH Guide: SOCIAL COGNITION AND AGING
		The social cognitive paradigm concerns the ways in which mental representations of social events, societal and cultural norms and personal characteristics influence behavior, reasoning, emotion and motivation.
		Specifically, the approach addresses attributions, self and social goals, mental representations of the self and others, and the role of social facilitation in decision-making, memory and judgment.
		For example, the formation of impressions of others depends on the activation of appropriate categorical knowledge, the ability to attend to relevant aspects of behavior, the efficiency with which attributes are encoded and the integration of specific aspects of behavioral information into a coherent representation.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-97-065.html (2524 words)

	Social Psychology Study Guide
		Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
		Experiments on social facilitation reveal that the presence of observers can arouse individuals, boosting their performance on well-learned tasks but hindering it on unmastered ones.
		Social traps are situations in which conflicting parties may become caught in mutually destructive behavior as they pursue their own ends, thus creating an outcome that no one wants.
	www.rit.edu /~garncd/Psych/SocialPsych.html (1917 words)

	Chapter 14 Lecture Notes - Social Influences on Behavior
		According to Latane, the amount of pressure experienced by a target of social pressure increases as the number, strength, and immediacy of the sources of that pressure increase, and it decreases as the number of targets of that pressure increases.
		Social pressure to perform well-learned or habitual tasks, induced by the pressure of an audience, typically improves performance on well-learned or habitual tasks (social facilitation) and worsens performance on poorly-learned or novel tasks (social interference).
		A social dilemma exists whenever a particular course of action or inaction will (a) benefit the individual who takes that course, (b) harm the others in the group, and (c) cause more harm than good to everyone in the group if everyone takes that course.
	www.usu.edu /psycho101/lectures/chp14socinflu/socinflu.html (2823 words)

	Social Facilitation: Introduction to Stage 2
		Viewing the results of our earlier experiments we might reflect that the responses that were facilitated by the presence of others were those that could be termed dominant, while those that were inhibited could be termed subordinate.
		Note: The point of this stage of the simulation is to examine the possibility of parallels between the effects of social situations and of D on performance.
		With this aim in mind it would be ill-advised to have experimental runs where both D and another (condition coact or audi) are present.
	samiam.colorado.edu /~mcclella/expersim/socialmid.html (684 words)

	NU Psychology > Research > Personality and Social
		Personality and social psychology are both concerned with the study of individual and social behavior, although each approaches this domain from a different perspective.
		Though there is diversity in both research topics and methods, our efforts stem from a common core of interest in individual and social behavior, which forms the focus of weekly research meetings of the faculty and graduate students in the area.
		His recent work has shown that social loafing and social facilitation, phenomena that appear to represent conflicting accounts of the effect of working together on performance, are actually not inconsistent at all.
	www.psych.neu.edu /research/psp.html (470 words)

	Social Psychology: An Introduction
		Social Influence, i.e., the influences of others, people’s behaviour in groups and individually.
		Stereotyping is a normal cognitive process involving widely held social schemas that lead people to expect that others will have certain characteristics because of their membership in a specific group.
		Social loafing is a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work alone.
	www.wilderdom.com /psychology/social/Introduction.html (1819 words)

	Social Facilitation \| Si 684
		Social Facilitation as a Function of the Mere presence of Others.
		Further, In a social online community, if I see that another person is online at the same time as me, I may be more likely to respond to her threads, knowing that she too can see me and may wonder if I am intentionally avoiding her threads.
		When you were writing a paper and noticed other people present on CTools, the social facilitation theory suggests that it should have enhanced your dominant response.
	icd.si.umich.edu /684/node/491 (2279 words)

	Group Facilitation: Services: Social Impact
		Good facilitation adds value by helping groups to accomplish their tasks and objectives more efficiently and by generating creative ideas, results, decisions and commitments that people strongly buy into.
		An important recommendation that was applicable to all OTI programs was to hold regular "check-ins" with all key stakeholders involved, and to maintain a greater degree of transparency amongst the U.S. and field offices for OTI and the implementing partner.
		SI designed and facilitated a two-day New Staff Orientation for USAID/OTI for new employees, most of whom would be members of the new OTI/Iraq country team.
	www.socialimpact.com /services/group-facilitation.html (910 words)

	Comments on Week 05 Summaries
		It may be that pre-existing familiarity (a pre-existing sense of group identity?) along with a sense of obligation (perhaps fostered by familiarity) contributed to the presence of social loafing as opposed to social facilitation in this study.
		Much like the social facilitation studies, procedures were in place to discourage the subjects from viewing the situation as a competition.
		For example, Kevin pondered how the social facilitation research might be related to research on status and influence (we will look at status and influence later in the semester).
	www.uiowa.edu /~c034221/week5com.html (3081 words)

	Group Dynamics
		Social facilitation and inhibition occur in audience and coaction situations
		Social facilitation occurs on simple or well-learned tasks
		Social inhibition occurs on complex or not well-learned tasks
	users.ipfw.edu /bordens/social/groupc.htm (1407 words)

	Amazon.com: Social Facilitation (European Monographs in Social Psychology): Books: Bernard Guerin,John Innes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The presence of one person affects the behavior of another: this is known as social facilitation.
		It is one of the oldest topics in social psychology, first studied in 1898, yet Bernard Guerin's is the first book-length study of the phenomenon.
		Social facilitation is said to occur when one animal increases or decreases its behavior in the presence of another animal which does not otherwise interact with it.
	www.amazon.com /Social-Facilitation-European-Monographs-Psychology/dp/052133358X (1089 words)

	Homework Assignments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Your task for this homework assignment is to describe a situation in which you conformed, experienced social facilitation or cognitive dissonance, or encountered an individual who is an authoritarian.
		If you chose to describe a situation in which you conformed, experienced social facilitation or cognitive dissonance, describe the situation in detail.
		Select two of the factors effecting conformity (group cohesiveness, group size, social support, and gender) and specifically explain how they apply to the situation in which you violated/conformed to the social norm.
	webusers.xula.edu /lschulte/Social_Psychology/HomeworkAssignments.htm (1446 words)

	Social Facilitation - Cambridge University Press
		The presence of one person affects the behaviour of another: this is known as social facilitation and is one of the oldest topics in social psychology.
		Despite its importance this is the first book-length study of the phenomenon.
		The book will be appreciated for its wide-ranging and balanced review of previous work on social facilitation and for the general review of the state of social psychology today that Dr Guerin's work on the phenomenon includes.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052133358X (203 words)

	Psy 3510 - History of Social Psych
		Term "social influence" encapsulates some of major areas in social psychology, such as: persuasion, attitude change, conformity.
		Your book sees social psychology as the scientific study of the way individuals think, feel, desire, and act in social situations.
		The theory dominated social psychology from the 50s to the 70s and led directly into the first wave of cognitive social psychology (self-perception theory, attribution theory---which was heavily influenced by Heider).
	www.usu.edu /psy3510/history.html (905 words)

	Jeremy Dean \| PsyBlog \| Psychology Blog: Social Loafing and Social Facilitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A related idea, succinctly described on changingminds.org, is that of social facilitation.
		When people are watched carrying out a task that they find easy, their performance improves.
		Social loafing and social facilitation are two examples of how the mere presence or absence of other people can have unusual effects on our behaviour.
	www.spring.org.uk /2005/04/social-loafing-and-social-facilitation.htm (239 words)

	Sample Exam Questions for "Groups"
		List some of the social psychology issues or problems that have been largely ignored by North American researchers and briefly explain why they have been ignored.
		If timber companies engage in excess logging of native forests, they may gain financially in the short-term but the resource may be lost to all in the long-term.
		The evaluation apprehension hypothesis predicts that social facilitation of a performer's behavior will occur when the performer is observed by an audience that:
	www.wilderdom.com /305/exam/Groups.html (894 words)

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