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Topic: Social learning

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	the social/situational orientation to learning @ the informal education homepage
		Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people ha d to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.
		Learning traditionally gets measured as on the assumption that it is a possession of individuals that can be found inside their heads… [Here] learning is in the relationships between people.
		Learning is in the conditions that bring people together and organize a point of contact that allows for particular pieces of information to take on a relevance; without the points of contact, without the system of relevancies, there is not learning, and there is little memory.
	www.infed.org /biblio/learning-social.htm (1307 words)

	Ronald Akers Learning Theory is part of the learning perspective that has been influence by historical, social, and ...
		Ronald Akers’ social learning theory is part of the learning perspective of criminology that has been influenced by historical, social, and political situations.
		In conclusion, Akers and his theory of social learning were influenced by history, political events, and the social situation.
		One of the deviant behaviors that Ronald Akers (1985) focused on was the involvement of social learning theory in smoking among adolescence.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/akers.htm (4423 words)

	Social learning technologies
		Social learning is identified as occurring however in the way e-mail is adopted by teachers in local settings, leading them to explore the use of other internet tools such as web authoring and ftp software.
		A theory of social learning is also used to explain how the failures of the project in delivering a system intended to provide technical and pedagogic support can be related to the social being separated from the technical and the technical being separated from the pedagogic.
		In this case Because the social context for the technology was not addressed and hence social learning as part of a reflexive educational Practice did not occur.
	informationr.net /ir/reviews/revs035.html (1392 words)

	Intelligent Social Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of the cognitive processes responsible for social propagation is social learning, broadly meant as the process by means of which agents' acquisition of new information is caused or favoured by their being exposed to one another in a common environment.
		Social learning results from one or other of a number of social phenomena, the most important of which are social facilitation and imitation.
		A general notion of social learning is then introduced and the two main processes which may lead to it, social facilitation and imitation, will be defined as different steps on a continuum of cognitive complexity.
	cfpm.org /cpmrep59.html (377 words)

	Social Learning Theory Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence - Find Articles
		Social learning theory is an expansion upon strict behaviorism but differs in that the child is understood to have broad interpretive skills and is not simply responding by instinct to parental cues and instructions.
		This is the heart of social learning theory: humans exhibit wide latitude in choosing which behaviors to imitate and which to ignore.
		A final tenet of social learning theory holds that the successful integration of a personal belief system and behavior in response to that system leads to feelings of competence or self-mastery, a belief that one is "in charge" of one's relations to and understanding of the world.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0004/ai_2602000488 (697 words)

	SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The basis for the social learning theory is that the individuals learn from observing the behaviors of others.
		Learning, within the social learning theory is defined as the acquisition of symbolic representations in the form of verbal or visual codes that serve as guidelines for future behavior.
		According to Bandura, learning is a three-way interaction among the environment, the individual’s internal events, and the individual’s behavior.
	web.syr.edu /~walker/SOCIALLEARNINGTHEORIES.htm (610 words)

	Social Learning
		Our investigation as researchers into processes of social learning, invites us to participate with other citizens in analysing and reflecting about what constitutes knowledge of social events and experiences and how this knowledge is obtained, validated and communicated.
		Other researchers have already dubbed the kind of learning process necessary to achieve this as, ‘social-environmental learning' because natural resource management dilemmas are seen to arise from the interplay of society and its environment and because the resolution of these dilemmas entails collective action.
		Learning about the systemic complexity of environmental issues involves fluency with a diversity of objectives and interests which are expressed in a variety of vocabularies and at different scales.
	systems.open.ac.uk /page.cfm?pageid=virtualisSocialLearning (1019 words)

	Albert Bandura
		The social learning theory advocates that individuals, especially children, imitate or copy modeled behavior from personally observing others, the environment, and the mass media.
		The biological preparedness of the individual to learn as well as the role of the brain in processing information from the social environment, are critical to learning theory, but they are ignored by the social learning theory.
		Social reinforcement is conditioned reinforcement based on the relationship of the conditioned stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus" (Jeffery, 1985: p.239).
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/bandura.htm (2515 words)

	Teaching Guide for Graduate Student Instructors
		Social constructivism is a variety of cognitive constructivism that emphasizes the collaborative nature of much learning.
		He argued that all cognitive functions originate in, and must therefore be explained as products of, social interactions and that learning was not simply the assimilation and accommodation of new knowledge by learners; it was the process by which learners were integrated into a knowledge community.
		However, because knowledge is actively constructed by the learner, learning also depends to a significant extent on the learner's internal drive to understand and promote the learning process.
	gsi.berkeley.edu /resources/learning/social.html (777 words)

	Social learning theory
		Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.
		Behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior, in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance.
		Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a transition between behaviorist learning theories and cognitive learning theories.
	teachnet.edb.utexas.edu /~lynda_abbott/Social.html (1477 words)

	Social learning theory Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles
		Social learning theory has its roots in the behaviorist notion of human behavior as being determined by learning, particularly as shaped by reinforcement in the form of rewards or punishment.
		The first major theory of social learning, that of Julian B. Rotter, argued that cognition, in the form of expectations, is a crucial factor in social learning.
		The social learning theories of Albert Bandura emphasize the reciprocal relationship among cognition, behavior, and environment, for which Bandura coined the term reciprocal determinism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0003/ai_2699000323 (459 words)

	SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY of Albert Bandura, Chapter 31
		Social learning theory is a general theory of human behavior, but Bandura and people concerned with mass communication have used it specifically to explain media effects.
		Social learning theory postulates three necessary stages in the causal link between television violence and actual physical harm to another: attention, retention, and motivation.
		Consistent with social learning theory, Bandura found that children exhibited more aggression when the adult models were rewarded for their attack on the Bobo doll than when they were punished.
	www.mhhe.com /socscience/comm/bandur-s.mhtml (3598 words)

	Social Learning Theory ( (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The social learning theory of Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.
		Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, an environmental influences.
		Social learning theory has been applied extensively to the understanding of aggression (Bandura, 1973) and psychological disorders, particularly in the context of behavior modification (Bandura, 1969).
	tecfa.unige.ch /themes/sa2/act-app-dos2-fic-social2.htm (387 words)

	Social Constructivism - Ebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Social constructivism emphasizes the importance of culture and context in understanding what occurs in society and constructing knowledge based on this understanding (Derry, 1999; McMahon, 1997).
		Social meanings and knowledge are shaped and evolve through negotiation within the communicating groups (Gredler, 1997; Prawat and Floden, 1994).
		Social constructivists see as crucial both the context in which learning occurs and the social contexts that learners bring to their learning environment.
	www.coe.uga.edu /epltt/SocialConstructivism.htm (1099 words)

	Social Learning & Social Cognitive Perspectives on Personality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Social learning theories arose in an attempt to retain behaviourism’s empirical rigour and some of its basic principles whilst trying to expand beyond what behaviourism could explain and predict.
		Social learning theorists claim that they way that people think, plan, perceive and believe is an important part of learning.
		Social learning theorists also claim that behaviourism ignores the social dimensions of learning, treating us as though we are individual animals.
	www.wilderdom.com /personality/L9-3SocialLearningCognitive.html (1328 words)

	Social Learning
		"Social learning describes the little understood process of change which may result from interpersonal interaction, when some conflict or crisis is analyzed in a group situation, using whatever psychodynamic skills are available.
		In other words, the social milieu in which social learning can occur is as important as the skills required to analyze interpersonal interactions with in the group, to uncover latent content, and to examine the various solutions to problems raised in such a group.
		Social learning is used to cover this set of circumstances, and the terms "living-learning situation" and "crisis situations" are used in a very arbitrary way to refer mainly to the amount of feeling inherent in the situation.
	www.sanctuaryweb.com /main/social_learning.htm (356 words)

	Perspectives Social Learning
		Perspectives Social Learning was developed in 2006 in response to the need of many for more intensive instruction in the area of social thinking.
		Perspectives Social Learning celebrates the uniqueness of each individual and seeks to empower participants to increase their social understanding and ultimately better understand themselves and others.
		To be successful in social situations, individuals need to not only know the individual skills or strategies to utilize but need to “synthesize” the skills they have and apply them simultaneously while considering the perspectives of others.
	www.socialperspectives.com (337 words)

	Social learning theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sutherland’s model for learning in a social environment depends on the cultural conflict between different factions in a society over who has the power to determine what is deviant.
		Moreover, people believed that they could observe behaviour and see the process of social learning, e.g., parents watched their own children and saw the influence of other children on their own; they could also see what kind of affect they had on their own children, i.e.
		Unlike Labeling Theory, Social Learning Theory actually supports the use of punishment which translates into longer sentences for those convicted, and helps to explain the increase in the prison population that began in the early 1970s (Livingston, 1996).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_learning_theory (1512 words)

	Joyce E. Goins
		Bandura has performed a great deal of work on social learning throughout his career and is noted for his social learning theory, which he has recently renamed, "Social Cognitive Theory." His theory focuses on overt behavior as well as the motivational factors and self-regulatory mechanisms that contribute to a person's behavior (Schultz and Schultz, 1998).
		Bandura recognizes that much learning does take place as a result of reinforcement, but he stresses that virtually all forms of behavior can be learned in the absence of directly experienced reinforcement.
		For example, learning to drive a car is not the easiest thing to do, and watching a video in driver's education or observing another student-driver are not the same as actually driving.
	www.xula.edu /xulanexus/issue2/Goins.html (1616 words)

	E-Performance Essentials
		Social software takes a bottom-up approach, Boyd says, and enables people to organize themselves into a network based on their preferences.
		Social software takes a bottom-up approach and enables people to organize themselves into a network based on their preferences.
		Learning technology researcher Sam Adkins writes in his T+D article “The Brave New World of Learning” that stand-alone courseware will eventually be replaced completely with workflow tools that integrate knowledge-sharing applications directly into them.
	www.learningcircuits.org /2003/dec2003/kaplan.htm (2420 words)

	The Social Learning Theory of Julian B. Rotter
		Rather, to understand behavior, one must take both the individual (i.e., his or her life history of learning and experiences) and the environment (i.e., those stimuli that the person is aware of and responding to) into account.
		That is because their learning history has shown them that they have control over the reinforcement they receive in certain situations, although overall they perceive little control over what happens to them.
		Therefore, treatment should be considered a learning situation where adaptive behaviors and cognitions are taught, and the therapist-client relationship is viewed as being similar to a teacher-student relationship.
	psych.fullerton.edu /jmearns/rotter.htm (2261 words)

	Social Learning
		Originally developed by Albert Bandura in the late 1970's, Social Learning Theory suggests that most human behavior is learned observationally from others (Bandura, 1994).
		We are first introduced to the process of social learning as children and then as young adults.
		In a workplace setting social learning can be a powerful force to train employees, yet employees can also use social learning to adopt behaviors that may be less than desirable from the employer's perspective.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/articles/sociallearn/start.htm (473 words)

	Learning_Theories
		The Commonwealth of Learning- The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of open learning/distance education knowledge, resources and technologies.
		Social 1 - essay assessing Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance.
		Social Judgment Theory - This site is designed primarily as a companion to A First Look at Communication Theory by Em Griffin and the Instructor's Manual by Glen McClish and Jacqueline "Jackie" Bacon.
	www.emtech.net /learning_theories.htm (3544 words)

	Social Learning Theory
		The research on social learning has determined that children acquire and develop behaviors by observing and then imitating other social models.
		Much social and emotional growth is evidenced in multiage classrooms when older, more socially advanced children attempt to engage younger, less socially adept children.
		When the younger child receives this assistance, he learns valuable "growing up" skills, he feels comfort in a risk-free learning space, and is free to flourish in a cooperative family-like atmosphere where he will receive emotional growth and stability.
	gradcenter.marlboro.edu /~lesliew/Capstone/sociallearning.html (424 words)

	We Learning, Part II
		Perhaps privacy in social software will be a case of two steps forward and one step back until we end up with strategies that allow us to reap the benefits of these new social technologies while retaining our comfort level.
		Social software tools are truly a revolution because of the way they combine technology with personal interaction.
		We learned with the first wave of e-learning that it’s important to carefully evaluate the benefits of new technologies for our own individual needs, to watch carefully for obstacles, but not to be too cautious.
	www.learningcircuits.org /2004/jan2004/kaplan2.htm (3000 words)

	Communication Theory: A First Look
		H is social learning theory concentrates on the power of example.
		Social learning theory shares the problem of almost all reinforcement theories—it doesn’t predict what the learner will regard as positive.
		Yet social learning theory is relevant to many of the crucial cultural issues Hall discusses.
	www.afirstlook.com /archive/sociallearning.cfm?source=archther (3536 words)

	Funderstanding - Observational Learning
		Observational learning, also called social learning theory, occurs when an observer's behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model.
		This process is influenced by characteristics of the model, such as how much one likes or identifies with the model, and by characteristics of the observer, such as the observer's expectations or level of emotional arousal.
		Bandura, A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.
	www.funderstanding.com /observational_learning.cfm (571 words)

	Why we went to social learning theory
		Kids learned too much in too short a time.
		Learning can occur without a change in behavior.
		Behavior to be learned should be presented in certain ways.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/svinicki/ald320/SLTohs.htm (115 words)

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