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Topic: Social mobility

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	Social mobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social mobility is the degree to which, in a given society, an individual's social status can change throughout the course of his or her life, or the degree to which that individual's offspring and subsequent generations move up and down the class system.
		Social mobility encourages entrepreneurism and, according to the mainstream liberal and conservative opinion, leads to a fairer society, but an excess thereof leads to widespread insecurity and anxiety.
		A (theoretical) society with perfect social mobility and ample opportunity is called a meritocracy, because, in such a society, individuals' responsibilities and compensation would be matched to their capabilities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_mobility (807 words)

	Pitirim Sorokin - Social Mobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		By horizontal social mobility or shifting, is meant the transition of an individual or social object from one social group to another situated on the same level.
		By vertical social mobility is meant the relations involved in a transition of an individual (or a social object) from one social stratum to another.
		This greater mobility is probably one of the causes of the belief that the social building of democratic societies is not stratified, or is less stratified, than that of autocratic societies.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/DSS/Sorokin/SOCMOBLT.HTML (3228 words)

	Mobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mobility is the ability and willingness to move or change; this can depend on motor skills; mobility aids may be needed such as a walking stick, walker, mobile standing frame or wheelchair or white cane for visual impairment.
		Mobility with regard to one's home depends on availability of houses and being bound to an area because of a job or school, etc. Mobility with regard to one's job depends on availability of jobs (depending on the general job market and on one's versatility, quality, etc.), mobility with regard to one's home, etc.
		Apprentices mobility refers to students and teachers in VET moving to another institution inside or outside their own country to study or teach for a limited time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mobility (349 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Social mobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Social mobility is the degree to which, in a given society, an individual's social status may change throughout the course of his or her life.
		Social mobility encourages entrepreneurism and, according to the mainstream liberal and conservative opinion, leads to a more fair society, but an excess thereof leads to widespread insecurity and anxiety.
		A common error when discussing social mobility is to focus on a few exemplary cases while neglecting the average cases.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Social_mobility (767 words)

	SOCIAL CLASS, Russ Long's Lecture Notes
		Social class affects one's life chances across a broad spectrum of social phenomenon from health care, to educational attainment, to participation in the political process, to contact with the criminal justice system.
		In a stratified society, inequality is part of the social structure and passes from one generation to the next.
		Social mobility generally refers to the movement from one social class to another.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/intro/class.htm (3620 words)

	Social Mobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Social Mobility is a hard term to define because it can be interpreted in an infinite amount of ways.
		I am writing about social mobility because my group is interested in knowing if in fact the idea of moving up on the social ladder is a motivation for Puerto Ricans to move to Hartford.
		Before an answer can be provided I must try and define what social mobility is. In the context of this paper social mobility is the ability or opportunity for people within a certain to move up or down.
	www.trincoll.edu /~senrique/social.htm (655 words)

	Books on Social Mobility
		Social Mobility in Europe is the most comprehensive study to date of trends in intergenerational social mobility.
		Within that frame are several distinct subthemes: the process of industrialization in Europe and elsewhere; social mobility, class structures, and class differences; social unrest and the stresses of modernization and industrialization; economic and social equality and inequality and their markers; the role of women in modernization; and the origins of nationalism.
		The causes and consequences of social mobility are a central area of study within the social sciences and the differing levels of economic development between ethnic groups is an issue of major concern for policy-makers.
	sociologyindex.com /books_on_social_mobility.htm (2942 words)

	Gene Expression: More on Social Mobility
		The relatively low mobility in the US may raise some eyebrows, but the idea that social mobility in the US is higher than elsewhere has always been something of a myth.
		The thought just crossed my mind that social mobility may be positively related to the size of the public sector, since the public sector, whatever else may be said about it, does tend to recruit and promote people on the basis of IQ and academic qualifications, rather than family connections.
		Social mobility may be low in countries where much of the economy is in family businesses.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/003931.html (528 words)

	Social mobility in comtemporary China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It presents analyses of social stratification and social mobility in contemporary China over the past fifty years since 1949 based on two nationwide on-site questionnaire surveys.
		It is the first large-scale study on changes of social structure in modern China, which provides a huge body of reliable data concerning people in different classes of modern Chinese society with various standards of living, income conditions, occupational choices, life styles, consumption patterns, educational backgrounds, and psychological and behavioral characteristics.
		Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a state-run research institution and the top think tank for Chinese central government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_mobility_in_comtemporary_China (246 words)

	Seminar speech - Social Mobility and Higher Education
		Their argument is that such social policies take money from the poor to give it to the rich (or future rich), given the fact that social policies have not been particularly successful in wiping away the social divide in participation to higher education.
		Realising an effective financial, social, medical and cultural support system for needy students still is an important instrument in attracting students from disadvantaged families to higher education, improving their chances for successful completion of their studies and, in the end, making them socially mobile.
		Social mobility for the disadvantaged through higher education only is possible if a degree has some substantial value, this means that there is real quality behind it and that the outside world can be sure that a degree represents a real achievement.
	www.ond.vlaanderen.be /beleid/toespraak/050916-social-mobility-higher-ed.htm (2122 words)

	International Analysis of Social Mobility \| ISERP
		Drawing meaningful conclusions from the comparative analysis of mobility requires that there is enough variation across countries, both in the outcome of interest and in the factors potentially associated with it.
		The second-best strategy, widely used for mobility analysis, is to ask individuals to provide information about their current circumstances, and retrospective information about their parents, their childhood, their labor market experience, etc. In other words, each respondent 'reconstructs' his or her life history—or at least key aspects from it—during the interview.
		This finding suggests that mobility and equality are in fact closely related, but their association is captured when the pattern, and not only the aggregate level of these structural phenomena is considered.
	www.iserp.columbia.edu /news/articles/mexico_mobility.html (1576 words)

	Mongolia - Social Mobility
		The expansion of the economy and the rapid growth of the urban, industrial, and service sectors made high rates of social mobility possible in the 1970s and the 1980s.
		The keys to upward mobility were good academic performance, including command of Russian, and political reliability, as evidenced either by membership in the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League or by recommendations of administrators and party members.
		To the extent that such reforms were implemented, they would open an additional channel for social mobility for those who had not been favored by the monolithic system that had controlled occupational movement and advancement.
	countrystudies.us /mongolia/45.htm (445 words)

	Social Mobility and Occupational Status: Divergence or Convergence among National States
		The aim of this project is to analyze change in social mobility regimes in a number of advanced nations using survey data from the period between the early 1970s and the early 1990s.
		Within the field of social mobility research per se there are two well-known theories claiming that a high level of cross-national similarity in mobility patterns is already evident.
		The former use 149 data sets from 35 countries and find that ‘there are significant between-country differences [in relative mobility patterns]’ and that ‘within countries the extent of inequality in mobility chances is on average decreasing at about one per cent per year’.
	www.nuff.ox.ac.uk /Users/yaish/npsm/Objectives.htm (1956 words)

	ESRC Society Today - Social Mobility
		It is measured by comparing the social class origin of an individual (usually determined by their parents' social class) against their social class 'destination' as an adult.
		Note that the social class definitions used are slightly different - there are many different schemes in existence [xi].
		However there are unequal success rates between social classes at school and unequal entry and success rates in post-compulsory education [xvi].
	www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk /ESRCInfoCentre/facts/index24.aspx (1504 words)

	Social Mobility - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Social Mobility - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Social Mobility, the degree to which people in a society can move along the social scale.
		Social Spending of the Federal Government of the United States, 1960-1970
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Social_Mobility.html (144 words)

	Catallarchy » Peak Mobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A classic social survey in 1978 found that 23% of adult men who had been born in the bottom fifth of the population (as ranked by social and economic status) had made it into the top fifth.
		Social mobility has not decreased, but the economy has reached a sort of semi-equilibrium, and movement among income brackets has decreased.
		Yes but mobility is not an end in itself: it’s being used as an indicator of whether we even have the groundwork set to change class structure.
	catallarchy.net /blog/archives/2005/10/27/peak-mobility (3393 words)

	Stumbling and Mumbling: Social mobility and equality
		Social mobility and economic equality are complements, not substitutes.
		He and his colleagues show that there is less social mobility in the US and UK than in the Nordic countries, where incomes are more equal.
		Of course, if low social mobility and high income inequality go hand in hand, as this paper suggests they might, then the argument is moot.
	stumblingandmumbling.typepad.com /stumbling_and_mumbling/2006/04/social_mobility.html (628 words)

	MyDD :: America No Longer the Land of Opportunity?
		The measure of economic mobility considered here is "income persistence," which quantifies the extent to which a child's income depends on that of his or her parents (referred to as "intergenerational mobility").
		The study defined social mobility as the ability of lower income groups to move up the wealth ladder - primarily by staying longer in school and as a result getting better paid jobs.
		Low mobility in Britain is partly explained by the strong relationship between parental income and educational attainment.
	www.mydd.com /story/2005/4/26/52357/8038 (1086 words)

	Stumbling and Mumbling: Against social mobility
		If we were to have genuine social mobility, then, we could forget any notion of equal worth or community spirit.
		The rhetoric of social mobility helps to legitimize class hierarchies, by maintaining the pretence that management is a technical skills.
		Social mobility is only a good thing in so far as it results in an increase in the number of well-off people: if anything, social mobility in a society without expanding well-off groups is likely to be a bad thing, because it increases uncertainty and makes long-term planning (for persons, not firms) more difficult.
	stumblingandmumbling.typepad.com /stumbling_and_mumbling/2005/04/against_social_.html (1137 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Education \| Social mobility 'declining' in UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Social mobility is on the decline in Britain despite the expansion of higher education, says Tory David Willetts.
		Explaining his fears about social mobility, Mr Willetts said: "Of course it is right to widen opportunities for women, but paradoxically at the same time this has strengthened some of the forces passing on income and wealth from one generation to the next.
		Sir Peter Lampl, chairman of education charity The Sutton Trust, said research it commissioned from London School of Economics shows social mobility in the UK has "declined and is low compared to other leading countries".
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/education/4762431.stm (363 words)

	Essays.cc - Social Mobility
		This is due to the fact that many social issues, such as gender, racial, and economic class, serve as barriers that obstruct the path of one’s social mobility.
		Social mobility also plays along gender lines, as well as class, making the plight of a poor woman extremely difficult, as seen in the example of Sandra, the working single mother.
		Mobility tends to be easier for those that fit the social accepted standard; ie.
	www.essays.cc /free_essays/g2/dtb133.shtml (1341 words)

	Social Mobility & Reform - Jim Murphy - Labour MP for East Renfrewshire
		Social mobility is considerably lower in the UK than in the Nordic countries or Canada.
		He finds that social mobility is determined first and foremost in childhood and that the quality of education received is more important as a determinant of success in adult life than ever before.
		They discuss the central thrust of the arguments raised, and draw on the experiences of their own countries in delivering social mobility during an era of globalisation and the greater risk of social fracture that it can bring.
	www.jimmurphy.labour.co.uk /ViewPage.cfm?Page=17530 (545 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Social Mobility in Europe
		Abstract: The study of social mobility is concerned with the relationship between the class position an individual occupies and the class into which he or she was born.
		This book analyses social mobility in 11 European countries–Britain, France, Ireland, West Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Poland, Hungary, and Israel–over the last 30 years of the twentieth century.
		We find that, during this period, countries converged in the shape of their class structure and in their patterns of social mobility.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/politicalscience/0199258457/toc.html (465 words)

	Action Plans for Skills and Mobility - Introduction
		The Commission's Action Plan on Skills and Mobility (COM(2002)72) is designed to further the principle of the freedom of movement for workers, underscore the importance of labour market mobility in advancing the Employment Strategy, and open up the European labour markets so that they are accessible for all by 2005.
		Greater labour force mobility, both between jobs (occupational mobility) and within and between countries (geographic mobility), will contribute to meeting all of these objectives, by enabling the European economy, employment and labour force to adapt to changing circumstances more smoothly and efficiently, and to drive change in a competitive global economy.
		In contributing to greater economic and social cohesion, they must take full account of the fact that the share of women and older workers in the labour force will need to increase very significantly to achieve the full employment targets of the Lisbon strategy.
	ec.europa.eu /employment_social/skills_mobility/index_en.htm (342 words)

	Fibreculture Journal Issue 6
		Angel Lin affirms the continuation of older social practices amongst Hong Kong college students using SMS (in the use of SMS to maintain social ties with friends and family, for example).
		She finds a surprising amount of gender mobility within the frame of SMSing, even when the rhetoric outside of this frame maintains reasonably strict concepts of gendered behaviours.
		Mobility, in particular the tactility and telepresence of mobile telephony, brings about an intense focus on the specificity of place and bodies.
	www.journal.fibreculture.org /issue6 (1679 words)

	Caste, social mobility and the progressive Indian at How the Other Half Lives
		Casteism is a system of social stratification and, if I may say so, the upper-caste is as much a ‘victim’ of it as anyone else in the sense that the upper-caste individual is also condemned to belong to his caste.
		But caste matters becuase it is the social reality we live in; ignorance can’t be a valid excuse.
		To redress this anomaly, the Mandal commission recommended that 27 per cent of all posts in the Central government be reserved for individuals from these castes, to add to the 22.5 per cent already set apart for scheduled castes and tribes.
	www.theotherindia.org /caste/caste-social-mobility-and-the-progressive-indian.html (1874 words)

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