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Topic: Social stereotype

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Stereotype

Racial stereotype

Negativity effect

Statistical discrimination

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Metonymy

Ethnic stereotypes in popular culture

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Archetype

List of ethnic stereotypes

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	Social stereotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social stereotypes are cases of metonymy, where a subcategory has a socially recognized status as standing for the category as a whole, usually for the purpose of making quick judgements about people.
		Negative stereotyping is a key feature in prejudice, as racism, sexism, ageism, et cetera.
		Social stereotypes take the negative characteristics of some and apply it to all in a given, often arbitrary, category.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_stereotype (264 words)

	Stereotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often a stereotype is a negative caricature or inversion of some positive characteristic possessed by members of a group, exaggerated to the point where it becomes repulsive or ridiculous.
		Stereotypes are common in the world of drama, where the term is often used as a form of dramatic shorthand for "stock character".
		For example, the stereotypical devil is a red, impish character with horns and a pitchfork (actually a trident), whilst the stereotypical salesman is a slickly-dressed, fast-talking individual who cannot usually be trusted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stereotype (809 words)

	H-Soz-u-Kult / Tagungsberichte / Social Stereotypes and History
		Mather described stereotypes as a form of social shorthand and suggested that the reason for the popularity of her column, which, despite initial expectations, has been going for twelve years, is that it is neither patronizing nor malevolent.
		She conceded that attention to stereotypes can be useful after all to raise awareness of the constraints and necessities of history as a form of writing and cognition, and its role in the making of social stereotypes in modern society.
		Stereotypes informed the way in which historical research was conceptionalized, and Fahrmeir confessed that he was not entirely convinced that there was indeed a line which separated stereotypes from social entities in whose existence historians tend to believe.
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /tagungsberichte/id=962 (3991 words)

	Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 15, Chapter 3
		Stereotype consensus refers to the extent to which similar traits or descriptors are used to describe a group.
		Because the stereotype is the underlying force behind the differences in performance, then changing the content of the stereotypes should lessen some of the differences in performance that vary across different ethnicities and gender.
		Her goal is to gain a comprehensive view of stereotyping by examining the process from the perspective of the perceiver, as well as the target (i.e., the individual belonging to the stereotyped group).
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~culture/Khan.htm (4043 words)

	CRISP Volume 10 No. 9
		Social loafing occurs when a task is distributed among many rather than few "workers," and each worker exerts less effort than had he or she been working alone.
		The social impact theory account of social loafing is that the pressure that one source (the task) exerts on each target (or worker) decreases in a power function of the number of targets.
		In the present experiment, stereotype threat might be conceptualized as a source of influence that impairs each woman's performance, so the more "company" a woman has, at least phenomenologically, the less impact the source of influence (the stereotype) has on her.
	www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.10.9.html (7608 words)

	PINC: vol 2, no 2, December 1998 - Vindicating Stereotypes and Discrimination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Stereotype and discrimination -- treating a policeman or judge as if he were a being different from ourselves -- are not "rational," as many people now understand rationality, but they are necessary to human life.
		To join the attack -- to accept the egalitarian social morality that has become the only one thinkable in respectable public discourse -- is to join in the destruction of the world in which men have always lived in favor of a new one with no place for the things that have made them human.
		A vindication of stereotype and discrimination requires clearing away an unusably narrow understanding of reason and replacing it with something that makes room for how men actually relate the world to their goals and thoughts, and in particular for the stereotypes that enable them to make sense of themselves and others.
	www.cycad.com /cgi-bin/pinc/dec98/articles/kalb-stereotypes.html (4504 words)

	Document
		Stereotypes have long been thought to create social problems because they are inherently inaccurate and exert powerful influences on person perception.
		Because social class did not predict teacher perceptions, the differences and similarities that teachers perceived between lower- and higher-class students in the stereotype content analyses could not possibly have been due to a reliance on stereotypes.
		Rev/ew of Personaandty and Social Psychology, 15, 74108.
	www.umich.edu /~psycours/561/madon.htm (9429 words)

	Journal of Social Issues: respecting versus liking: Status and Interdependence Predict Ambivalent Stereotypes of ...
		The stereotype of African Americans at the time portrayed them as the psychoanalytic id (acting out unacceptable body impulses to be lazy, sexual, aggressive, dirty, playful), whereas the stereotype of Jewish Americans at the time portrayed them as the complementary superego (acting out more mental sins of pride and ambition).
		Moreover, social structural variables predict which groups will be viewed as competent and which as warm (Glick & Fiske, 1999, in press; additional studies are presented in Fiske et al., 1999).
		Stereotyping research has focused primarily on the cognitive, motivational, and social processes that propel people's biases; the principles of stereotyping processes are understood better and better (for reviews, see Brewer & Brown, 1998; Fiske, 1998; Leyens, Yzerbyt, & Schadron, 1994; Macrae & Bodenhausen, in press).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0341/is_3_55/ai_58549256 (1260 words)

	Jeff Sherman
		One thing we know about stereotypes is that people tend to rely on them to a greater extent when their processing resources are depleted.
		Our research suggests that stereotypes promote efficiency, in part, by allowing for the flexible encoding, representation, and retrieval of different aspects of stereotype-consistent and -inconsistent information when resources are low.
		We are particularly interested in the extent to which stereotypes about a group are based on knowledge of particular group members' behavior or are based on abstract knowledge about what the group is like as a whole.
	www.psych.northwestern.edu /psych/people/faculty/sherman/sherman.html (979 words)

	Madon, S
		(1980) showed that sex stereotypes influenced the perceived assertiveness of female and male targets when information about their personal characteristics was absent, but had no effect when the targets were described as having behaved assertively in the past.
		Because social class did not predict teacher perceptions, the differences and similarities that teachers perceived between low and high social class students in the stereotype content analyses could not possibly have been due to a reliance on stereotypes.
		Perceivers tend to develop inaccurate stereotypes when they are in conflict over scarce resources, hold social identity concerns and have unequal and limited contact with members of different groups (Allport, 1954; Sherif and Sherif, 1953; Tajfel and Turner, 1979).
	www.psychology.iastate.edu /faculty/madon/resubshl.fin.htm (9436 words)

	Essay Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Having always been stereotyped as a nerd had some short-term advantages, but the disadvantages were more significant.
		Though the disadvantages were annoying, the advantages helped me become the person I am today: the stereotype made me work hard to live up to the label, it helped make me self-sufficient, and it gave me the sense that I could use my mind to get me anywhere I wanted to be.
		The stereotype actually kept me from developing skills that I wish I had now—it kept me from being a normal, social creature.
	www.odessa.edu /dept/english/dsmith/e2.htm (1684 words)

	Social Judgments: Stereotype-Consistent Results
		Gender stereotypes appear to lead people to infer that the women are gossiping.
		When the character is a triathlete, people are much more likely to infer that she was concerned about her "physical fitness." People's stereotypes about fashion models tend to lead to a different inference here.
		However, gender stereotypes about men tend to lead people to conclude that he was not committed to the relationship at all.
	www.ablongman.com /html/psychplace_acts/judge/results1.html (541 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This learning activity would seem to be especially relevant for courses where students encounter social groups that they are unfamiliar with or for whom they express social stereotype and prejudice, and is suitable for use in any size class and in any discipline.
		Optimistically, stereotypes and cognitive biases may be malleable, shifting in response to the perceiver’s intentions and strategies, and situational variations (Blair, 2002; Hilton & von Hippel, 1996).
		Self-ratings of bias in social perceptions at pretest and posttest as a function of belonging to a group that has high or low experience with prejudice or discrimination.
	www.uwgb.edu /idc/CAT/CATSpring04VonDras.doc (1656 words)

	Language and Social Stereotype
		There is, in fact, a big chunk of excess “psychostuff” that most people bring with them into the disability experience, and it has its source in the social messages and beliefs that most of us grow up absorbing from the world around us.
		So if you're making that early adjustment, or you're a family member or friend who is supporting someone at that stage, take a deep look at what you believe about disability and consider the fallibility of the source.
		That most people who come into this potent and poignant adjustment process find out that the assumptions people carry around about life with SCI are very far from the truth indeed.
	www.spinalcord.org /enews/issue042003/01.php (515 words)

	[No title]
		Theoretical overviews: Aronson, J. Stereotype threat: Contending and coping with unnerving expectations.
		Stereotype vulnerability: developmental and contextual influences on group underperformance.
		Aronson, J. & Steele, C.M. Stereotypes and the fragility of human competence, motivation, and self-concept.
	www.wtgrantfoundation.org /usr_doc/PublicationslistfromAronson.doc (451 words)

	G.Calvini: School of Psychology: University of Leicester
		attention processes, long- and short-term memory effects for social information); social stereotype processing (e.g.
		gender; race; age); stereotypic social judgement; unintentional mechanisms of stereotyping (e.g.
		Stereotype suppression and stereotype expression mechanisms and effects: the extent of intentional processing
	www.le.ac.uk /pc/gc77 (340 words)

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