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	Socialist societies -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Socialist Society is a membership organization which is affiliated to the (A political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and the socialization of key industries) Labour Party.
		The best-known socialist society is the (An association of British socialists who advocate gradual reforms within the law leading to democratic socialism) Fabian Society, founded in 1884, some years before the creation of the Labour Party itself (in which the Society participated).
		Affiliation means that the socialist societies - like a number of British (An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer) trade unions - pay an affiliation fee to the Labour Party, and the affiliates' members become affiliated members of the Labour Party (a different status from full member), unless they specifically choose otherwise.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/socialist_societies.htm (380 words)

	20th WCP: The Political Ethos of the Civil Society
		In the seventies of the twentieth century the term "civil society" was used by the opposition and dissident groups in the socialist countries to denote the strategy of political fight against totalitarianism by forming autonomous institutions beyond the state control and for the sake of establishing a democratic society as opposed to the total state.
		The civil society is most often determined as autonomous pluralism of private and public activities, beyond the state control, expressed in individual freedom, local and regional self rule, citizens’ participation in public affairs and social movements as well as in cultural autonomy and free trade unionism.
		In the societies which are late in their development, the ethos of the civil society should precede the development of the civil society in them since they can look after the model of the developed societies.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Poli/PoliButi.htm (2435 words)

	Communist state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Societies based on communism and ideologies similar to communism have existed throughout history, and many exist today, but it was not until the 20th century that highly organized Communist Parties based on Marxist-Leninist ideology gave rise to Communist states.
		Information regarding early, traditional and/or religious forms of communism (as well as information on other socialist societies in the Marxist meaning of the word, such as the Paris Commune) is to be found in the Communism article.
		They resulted in the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic in 1918, the Bavarian Soviet Republic from November 1918 until May 3, 1919, the Slovak Soviet Republic in 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, and the Persian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1920 to 1921.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communist_state (4506 words)

	[No title]
		The mechanisms involved in this transformation are believed to be (a) occupational differentiation and the consequent elaboration of division of labour, (b) diversification and the attendant heterogenity and (c) plurality and the gradual evolving of a complex social network and interdependence in the place of the traditional cradle-to-grave arrangement.
		Some however, argued that socialist societies are not modern as their political (state) and economic (market) structures are undifferentiated.
		However, the fact that functioning `modern' societies are visited by irrationality, superstition and sentiments is widely acknowledged and recorded which points to the impossibility of a completely rational and hence modern society of this version.
	members.tripod.com /~csssjnu/oommen.html (2665 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The society of emancipated work is searching for a new ph}{\fs26 i}{\fs26 losophy of living on the other side of the necessity kingdom where the poss}{\fs26 i}{\fs26 bilities for an increasing expression and realisation of human beings are widely open.
		These societies are still on \ldblquote the floor of history,\rdblquote faced with the classical poverty, social misery, disease epidemics and elements of the classical colonial slavery.
		They are societies of \ldblquote mechanical solidarity\rdblquote that live in the past, unable to cope with the challenges of modernisation, or to open up to the development forces of the future.
	www.unesco.org /most/p86unm8.doc (2723 words)

	Prepared for the Workshop on Honesty and Trust in Post-Socialist Societies at Collegium Budapest, May 25-26, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Putnam (1993, 2000) argues that strong “civil societies” generate interpersonal trust and tolerance that is transferable from the voluntary organizations and groups that produce it to the broader framework of democratic participation.
		Such groups were important in setting the stage for the fall of the socialist states in Central Europe although they obviously could not have achieved the change entirely on their own (Sztompka,1999: 151-160, Warren, 1999b:12-14, World Bank, 2000b:118).
		In the former socialist countries, such as Russia and Poland, the problem is particularly acute because many newly privatized firms are controlled by their former managers who often remain active in politics (Collins 1993: 326).
	www.colbud.hu /honesty-trust/rose/pub01.htm (17144 words)

	CPUSA Online - Women and Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The promotion of women, particularly with regard to vocational qualification, is a task of society and the state." Besides legal equality, the GDR was advanced in some other aspects of theory: it was the first of the socialist countries to eliminate the designation of homosexuality as a psychological disorder.
		Socialist Germany inherited a paternalistic and patriarchal equal-rights policy rooted in social democratic and Communist labor movements that resulted in continuing social inequality between men and women.
		In summary, it seems to me that the past-early socialist societies-shows us that it is possible to integrate women into economic and public life, to give women material and social support, and in general make women's lives better, happier, and more secure.
	www.cpusa.org /article/articleview/141/1/60 (1544 words)

	Social Ethics in a Post-Socialist World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The macro-issues are those that involve the society or the economy as a whole; the micro-issues concern individual sectors or organizations within the economy, such questions as business ethics and corporate culture generally.
		And if one looks at the formerly socialist societies in Europe, one may well conclude that an important reason for their present difficulties is that they are attempting to undertake both transitions simultaneously.
		In a rich society the process of economic ruination is likely to take more time and to be less visible, with the consequence that the available choices may seem more free than they in fact are.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9302/berger.html (4278 words)

	UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS
		A failed businessman and Ricardian socialist, Gray was among the first to stress the human element in the destructiveness of competition in principle.
		A radical socialist journalist, Louis Blanc was greatly responsible for unleashing the 1848 Revolution with his 1841 account of the corruption of the orleanist regime.
		A socialist society was only made possible by throwing out religion, thereby permitting humans to "recapture" their own ideals for themselves.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/utopia.htm (1662 words)

	Williamson M. Evers: Liberty of the Press under Socialism
		Socialist regimes, which control the resources—the newsprint, the ink, the broadcast towers, the studios—essential to communications, often do not explicitly censor.
		Socialists at all times have complained that proletarians, with their low incomes, cannot effectively exercise liberty of expression.
		In addition, twentieth-century socialist theorists are aware that the authorities in existing socialist societies have not hesitated to demote or fire dissidents in order to stifle their voices.
	www.campaignfinancesite.org /book/html/94.html (3303 words)

	Unemployment : risks and reactions / Nikolai Genov, ed. UNESCO-MOST ; FES . - Teil 10
		The society of emancipated work is searching for a new philosophy of living on the other side of the necessity kingdom where the possibilities for an increasing expression and realisation of human beings are widely open.
		These societies are still on „the floor of history," faced with the classical poverty, social misery, disease epidemics and elements of the classical colonial slavery.
		They are societies of „mechanical solidarity" that live in the past, unable to cope with the challenges of modernisation, or to open up to the development forces of the future.
	library.fes.de /fulltext/bueros/sofia/00621009.htm (3969 words)

	Róbinson Rojas.- Samir Amin (1990): Maldevelopment - Anatomy of a global failure.- RRojas Databank: Analysis and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These countries are fully 'de-linked' in the sense that they have broad control of their external relations and subject them to the logic of their internal development, whereas the underdeveloped capitalist partners do the opposite: they 'adjust' their internal development to the constraints of accumulation on a world scale.
		The relative 'stagnation' of the socialist countries is seen to be one of the fundamental causes of the 'viability' of capitalism and that enhanced external economic relations could help the socialist countries to overcome this relative stagnation.
		In the sense that the internal dynamic of the national and popular societies, the advances and retreats of the forces of socialism operating in these societies is in the forefront and largely shapes East-West relations.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /uu32me0n.htm (4555 words)

	Economics
		Concepts from the Utilitarian school of philosophy are used as analytical concepts within economics, though economists appreciate that society may not adopt utilitarian objectives.
		The dominant form of market economics focuses on societies where property is owned by individuals, money has a rational basis, and profit comes from utilizing labor and capital to produce goods to be sold in the market - or capitalism.
		And viewed as a failure of economics to respect society by socialists, who argue that disparities of wealth should not have been allowed in the first place.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ec/economics_1.html (4807 words)

	Viable Societies Are National Socialist - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is true whether such a society has a government called National Socialist or whether its government is a monarchy, a democracy, or any other form.
		There is no truly National Socialist society today, but many great civilizations of the past(which in their time were far more advanced mentally than this generation) were based on National Socialist principles, such as that of the Whites in India or Sparta.
		A formal National Socialist government - such as NS Germany - would be a good form of government for such a group, but the cultural national socialism would exist regardless of the type of formal government.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=164979 (2161 words)

	[No title]
		The articles are arranged in sections devoted to historical and theoretical studies; post-socialist societies; penal, welfare and psychiatric control; and community control.
		The next article, by Herman Diederiks, is another historical analysis of social control in a segmented society that uses the Netherlands during the 19th and first half of the 20th century as a model.
		The Dutch population is segmented among Roman Catholic, Protestant, socialist, and liberal-bourgeois ideology.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/sebbasc.html (1371 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Eastern Europe, as in most known societies, women are the primary caretakers of children, thus state policies concerning child bearing and rearing are determined by, and are simultaneously highly consequential for, gender inequality and women’s place in the family, the labor market and civil society.
		While these countries had similar features during the state socialist era, real differences are emerging, which must be understood in order to gain a better understanding of the variations in gender relations, as well as its causes and consequences.
		The concept of entitlement started to make sense in the post state socialist region as the communist regimes were replaced, at least formally, by democratically oriented polities and people came to understand by the mid 1990s their rights (and especially lack thereof) as citizens of an increasingly tightfisted state.
	www.yale.edu /ccr/glasskawachi3.doc (7818 words)

	:::THC-WCF:::
		Article 16 (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state.
		Article 23 (1) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state.
		Article 17 (1) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state.
	www.worldcongress.org /wcf2_spkrs/wcf2_miller.htm?search=respect (1162 words)

	Socialist countries (from social service) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Nevertheless, in the foremost socialist societies the state provides the formal social services, and the workplace and the trade unions play a large part in service management and delivery.
		From 1932 to the mid-1980s socialist realism was the sole criterion for measuring literary, artistic, and musical works in the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites in Eastern Europe.
		Societies do the same thing, but they do it in much more complex ways.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-38990?tocId=38990 (850 words)

	Bottomore: Classes In Modern Society
		This is the significance of Marx, his analysis of capitalism, and the expectation that a more humane, socialist society would emerge from the revolt of the working class against the ruling class of capitalist societies.
		B) Socialist, Social-Democratic and Labour Parties: have favoured state intervention, both to regulate the economy and to promote welfare policies, and a taxation system that is progressive (ie, higher rates for the rich).
		socialist parties have expanded electoral base by dropping references to ?class conflict' and attracting middle class voters; Bottomore not sure this is a good thing.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /soc/courses/soc2r3/botomore.htm (3520 words)

	The Howard Center
		Ontario Children’s Aid Society received an anonymous letter which clearly showed a bias against the family’s choice to home school their children and subsequently commenced an extensive investigation against a family with 11 children and the mother expecting her twelfth in the month of August 1999.
		Article 23(1) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
		Countries are obligated by international law to protect the family as the "natural and fundamental group unit of society," and families can and should expect that their property, religious faith, and the integrity of the family unit will be respected by state authorities.
	www.profam.org /pub/fia/fia_1410.htm (3309 words)

	What Is Change
		We see our work as going hand in hand with the historical work of social democratic and left democratic socialist parties, both in and out of the Socialist International, and we are supportive of their role as a vehicle for social and economic change.
		We are also not interested in criticising those socialist and social democratic parties engaged in the political process; we are members of them, and we seek to represent our parties' core values as we see them, but in a new and more exciting way.
		You will see invitations to socialist musicians, artists, writers and others to offer their ideas on how to build a new socialist cultural movement, one which we feel can communicate to the masses easier and better than can traditional politicians.
	socialist.org /change/info.html (609 words)

	Feminism and Socialism: Women in Eastern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Socialist ideology has traditionally conceptualized women differently from bourgeois systems, and socialist societies have enacted l egislation that has channeled women into life styles unlike those of their Western contemporaries.
		The course aims to acquaint American students with socialist ideology on women, women's lifestyles under so cialist regimes (as exemplified by the German Democratic Republic and the Soviet Union), and the feminist ideas occuring in the writ ing, both fictional and autobiographical, of women from both countries.
		The seminar format is important, as the readings generate a lot of lively discussion among the students, who typically know nothing about socialism, let alone about women in socialist countries, when they begin.
	www.aicgs.org /resources/daad/1992081.shtml (1158 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Scholars have recently begun suggesting that many aspects of social and cultural life once considered unique to socialist and post-socialist societies actually have parallels in post-colonial, post-modern, and post-welfare societies.
		Just what these parallels are still requires concrete discussion, but in all cases we sense that old analytical models that anticipate stability in social organization and relations, centralized systems of political power, and master cultural narratives have lost much of their explanatory potential.
		Empirically, we see societies in transition, states struggling to maintain authority, citizens who hold diverse hierarchies of values, and a general fragmentation of order, power, and cultural norms and expectations.
	www.iub.edu /~iaunrc/soyuz/main.htm (263 words)

	POLISH LANGUAGE FEDERATIONS history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emigré intellectuals from Poland established the first Polish socialist societies in the mid-1880s, according to one historian of the subject.
		The Alliance of Polish Socialists (Zwiazek Socjalisów Polskich, or ZSP) was the first Polish socialist organization in the United States, founded in late-1890s as a group intent on teaching and organizing among Polish emigres in preparation for revolution in Poland.
		The group retained ties to the Polish Socialist Party [PPS] in the old country and oriented itselves towards the struggle for Polish independence rather than the struggle of the Polish workers for socialism in America.
	www.marxists.org /subject/usa/eam/lfedpolish.html (1475 words)

	SSRC :: SSRC Board of Directors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He is also co-author of Beyond Slavery: Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Post-Emancipation Societies (2000), and co-editor of Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World (1997) and of International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays in the History and Politics of Knowledge (1997).
		He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the National Faculty, the Newberry Library, the National Initiative for a Networked Cultural Heritage, and is the president of the Center for Jewish Life and the director of the Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies at Princeton University.
		Her research interests include the transformation of East European socialist societies, property and property rights, political symbolism, and issues of national identity.
	www.ssrc.org /inside/about/board_of_directors.page (1907 words)

	Neither Fish Nor Fowl - Dan Clore: Anarchist and Libertarian Societies in Science Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This society is organized along lines that satirize Charles Fourier and other libertarian socialists; work is assigned according to personal taste, for example, so that children - who of course love to smash things - are given the job of destroying the dangerous giant reptiles that inhabit the wilder regions of the underground world.
		Portrays an anarcho-syndicalist society on the artificial island Stateless in the Pacific.
		A full-length attempt to design a libertarian socialist society with enough respect for the diversity of humanity's desires that a community of cyberpunks who live online might be placed next to a community made up of bands of hunter-gatherers.
	www.niribanimeso.org /eng/ess/anlib.html (4639 words)

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