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Topic: Socioeconomic class

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	Social class -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A social class is, in the most basic sense, a group of people that shares the same or similar (A party of people assembled to promote sociability and communal activity) social (The relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society) status.
		It is seen as the process of a "class in itself" moving in the direction of a "class for itself," a collective agent that changes history rather than simply being a victim of the historical process.
		At times, social class can be related to (The attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals) elitism, and those in the higher class are usually known as the "social (A group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status) elite".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/social_class.htm (1886 words)

	Social class - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Karl Marx famously claimed that the primary social division was between a "ruling class" and a labouring class.
		At times, social class can be related to elitism, and those in the higher class are usually known as the "social elite".
		For example, Bourdieu seems to have a notion of high and low classes comparable to that of Marxism, insofar as their conditions are defined by different habitus, which is in turn defined by different objectively classifiable conditions of existence.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Social_class (1563 words)

	Social class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social classes with a great deal of power are usually viewed as elites, at least within their own societies.
		The relative importance and definition of membership in a particular class differs greatly over time and between societies, particularly in societies that have a legal differentiation of groups of people by birth or occupation.
		The upper-middle class, while a relatively small section of the population, usually "set the standard" for proper American behavior, as reflected in the mass media.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_class (2046 words)

	Social class
		When sociologistss speak of "class" they usually mean economically based classes in modern or near pre-modern society.
		Marx defined class in terms of the extent to which an individual or social group has control over the means of production.
		"Bourdieu seems to have fairly rigid notion of high and low classes comparable to that of Marxism, insofar as their conditions are defined by different habitus, which is in turn defined by different objectively classifiable conditions of existence.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/so/social_class.html (1407 words)

	Read about Social class at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Social class and learn about Social class here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He suggested that the primary social division was between a "ruling class" and a labouring class.
		Classes are seen to have their origin in the division of the social product into a
		Bourdieu seems to have a notion of high and low classes comparable to that of Marxism, insofar as their conditions are defined by different habitus, which is in turn defined by different objectively classifiable conditions of existence.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Social_class (1546 words)

	Social class at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the well-known example of socioeconomic class, many scholars view societies as stratifying into a hierarchical system based on economic status.
		He identified the proletariat as the "working class" to emphasize his contention that they alone produce anything of value and as such are solely entitled to the fruits of their labor (see labor theory of value).
		The sociologist Max Weber formulated a three-component theory of stratification, with class, status and party (or politics) as conceptually distinct elements.
	wiki.tatet.com /Classes.html (1352 words)

	Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 ...
		Social class was assigned on the basis of the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD; Australian Bureau of Statistics).
		Socioeconomic disadvantage was not strongly related to oesophageal symptoms (table 5) or diarrhoea symptoms (table 7) among
		Socioeconomic correlates of mortality and hospital morbidity differentials by local government area in Sydney 1985-1988.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/49/1/66 (3473 words)

	SocialClass.org :: The Community of Social Class Debate, Discussion & Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For most middle and upper class Americans, the disgraceful epithet "white trash" conjures up visions of aluminum-sided double-wides, yards bedecked with plastic waterfowl and discarded auto-parts, and overweight men and women stuffed into velour jogging suits with cigarettes glued between their index and middle fingers-- perhaps even an Elvis impersonator or two.
		Regardless, popular media and stereotype maintain the idea that white trash is a legitimate though distasteful class that resides in the lower brackets of the social order; a self-perpetuated culture whose members can be pin-pointed by their genetic affinities for cheap make-up, beer, velvet paintings, monster trucks, Graceland, and wall-to-wall shag carpeting.
		As a result, this class initially defined by economics and racial prejudice is maintained by the powerful safeguards of social ostracization and stereotype, the remnants of which persist in the contemporary American imagination.
	www.socialclass.org (2085 words)

	The Declining Importance of Class
		Inherited advantages of class play a smaller role than they used to in shaping the success of individual Americans, with larger numbers now moving beyond their origins.
		In today's America, the socioeconomic class into which individuals are born significantly affects their status as adults.
		A larger proportion of upward mobility across generations is attributable to the declining importance of class and a smaller proportion to economic growth (chart 3).
	www.urban.org /oppor/opp_04.html (1842 words)

	MCG Researchers Target Interplay of Genes and Socioeconomic Status in Childhood Obesity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Socioeconomic status may affect the expression of genetic susceptibility to obesity, according to researchers at the Medical College of Georgia.
		However, children in lower classes had a greater increase in BMI and were more obese than children in higher classes.
		For some of these genes, socioeconomic status was a strong determinant of whether or not subjects expressed the effects of the gene and were obese.
	www.mcg.edu /news/2003NewsRel/Snieder03.html (1036 words)

	Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 ...
		Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 000 Australian adults -- Bytzer et al.
		Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 000 Australian adults
		of socioeconomic status (index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage).
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/49/1/66 (323 words)

	Stalking the Wild Taboo - Miller: Race, Socioeconomic Variables, and Intelligence
		Intelligence was more important than the socioeconomic class of their families (a combination of parent's education, occupation, and income).
		With both intelligence and socioeconomic class in the equation, intelligence was more important.
		A major surprise was how often socioeconomic class seemed to be serving as a surrogate for intelligence.
	www.lrainc.com /swtaboo/stalkers/em_tbc.html (7493 words)

	Students In Portland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since the parents of these children are in a lower social class, they are forced because of their income to live in a lower social class neighborhood.
		The only hope for these children to get out of their low social class is to receive a good education and go to college.
		The public school system in Portland keeps students from advancing to a higher social class by not inspiring students to want to finish high school and attend college, passing students who do not know their multiplication facts, and by passing students who cannot read.
	www.louisville.edu /~j0wilb01/project1.html (1033 words)

	AllRefer.com - Israel - Ethnicity and Social Class \| Israeli Information Resource
		The gaps are reflected in the close correlation between Israel's class structure and its ethnic divisions along several critical dimensions, among them educational achievement, occupational structure, housing, and income.
		The close correlation between ethnicity and socioeconomic class in Israel remains the main axis along which the Ashkenazi-Oriental cleavage is drawn.
		In Israel's class structure in the late 1980s, the upper classes were predominantly Ashkenazi and the lower classes predominantly Oriental.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/israel/israel56.html (1256 words)

	Center for the Study of Democratic Societies - Definition of Socioeconomic Democracy
		Socioeconomic Democracy is one theoretical and practical attempt to meet this universal need by reducing all these kinds of problems simultaneously through systemic change.
		The two fundamental socioeconomic system parameters that are, with SeD, to be determined democratically, enjoy a long list of advocates, including Paine, Jefferson, extending back to the ancient Greek thinkers and up to the present global quest for improved, more just economic systems.
		Socioeconomic Democracy thereby inaugurated public introduction to and adoption of quantitative democracy.
	www.centersds.com /define.htm (459 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Placing Children in Special Education: A Strategy for Equity (1982)
		Rates for the white population were 3.34 percent for the lower socioeconomic group (bottom 25 percent), 1.31 percent for the middle group (middle 50 percent), and 0.30 percent for the upper group (top 25 percent), with an overall prevalence of mild retardation for the white children of 1.17 per- cent.
		Data for the fl youngsters revealed a rate of 7.75 percent for the lower socioeconomic group, 3.59 percent for the middle group, and 1.19 percent for the upper group, with an overall rate of 4.83 percent (Broman, unpublished data, 1981~.
		Many investigators have tended to subsume the demographic character- istics of the lower socioeconomic classes under conceptualization desig- nated as the culture of poverty, which implies a pervasive psychological sense of hopelessness and the inevitability of competitive disadvantage.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309032474/html/133.html (7891 words)

	Arbiter Online - Study finds socioeconomic class affects IQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Only when Turkheimer tested that assumption in a population of poor and mostly fl children did it become clear that, in fact, the influence of genes on IQ was significantly lower in conditions of poverty, where environmental deficits overwhelm genetic potential.
		Like corn in depleted soil, the thinking goes, minorities and the poor (two categories with so much overlap that researchers find it difficult to tease apart their effects) perform worse not because of their genes but because they are raised in an environment lacking in resources and poisoned by racist attitudes.
		By culling through those test scores and the data on the families’ socioeconomic status, Turkheimer was able to conduct one of the first analyses of the role of genes in IQ among the poor.
	www.arbiteronline.com /vnews/display.v/ART/2003/09/04/3f56de07b663b (1544 words)

	Research Paper on Socioeconomic Tensions in
		Socioeconomic Tensions in Langston Hughes’ “Ballad of the Landlord” The theme in the poem “Ballad of the Landlord” by Langston Hughes, although certainly may be interpreted in different ways, basically boils down to the socioeconomic class conflict between the haves and have-nots.
		A Marxist critic will argue that the social and economic tensions that have existed since the establishment of civilization are reflected on the literary works of authors throughout time.
		This theme is highlighted with the poetic elements of archetypal symbol and irony.
	www.paper-research.com /paper/Socioeconomic_Tensions_in-108507.html (165 words)

	Newborn heart rate and blood pressure: relation to race and to socioeconomic class -- Schachter et al. 38 (6): 390 -- ...
		Newborn heart rate and blood pressure: relation to race and to socioeconomic class -- Schachter et al.
		The effect of race and of socioeconomic class upon heart rate and systolic
		pressure did not vary as a function of race or of socioeconomic class.
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/abstract/38/6/390 (187 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Education is increasingly becoming a primary source of power and class standing in our postindustrial society (O'Toole 66).
		This has lead to "status conflict" -- people feel that they deserve to be in a higher social class and that they deserve better jobs than they have because of their educational achievements (O'Toole 60).
		This fact shows that although the level of education may not be important in certain types of jobs, it is definitely beneficial for a young, inexperienced worker to come in with a higher level of education.
	www2.cedarcrest.edu /academic/writing/intelligence/kacpage1.htm (1344 words)

	Exploring the relation between class, gender, and self rated general health using the new socioeconomic classification. ...
		Exploring the relation between class, gender, and self rated general health using the new socioeconomic classification.
		ratio of class 7 to class 1 was 2.7 for men and 2.2 for women.
		class, with the greatest gap among people in class 1 (higher
	jech.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/58/7/590 (334 words)

	Stroke: lower socioeconomic class increased the risk of a stroke
		Stroke: lower socioeconomic class increased the risk of a stroke
		The risk was increased with a lower socioeconomic class.
		Hart CL, Hole DJ, Davey Smith G: influence of socioeconomic circumstances in early and later life on stroke risk among men in a Scottish Cohort study.
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/stroke_Hart_00.htm (141 words)

	Socioeconomic Gradients in Body Weight of German Children Reverse Direction between the Ages of 2 and 6 Years -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Socioeconomic Gradients in Body Weight of German Children Reverse Direction between the Ages of 2 and 6 Years -- Langnäse et al.
		Socioeconomic Gradients in Body Weight of German Children Reverse Direction between the Ages of 2 and 6 Years
		class) of children of overweight parents being overweight (3).
	nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/133/3/789 (3339 words)

	Nutritional status of alcoholics of different socioeconomic class -- Goldsmith et al. 2 (3): 215 -- Journal of the ...
		Nutritional status of alcoholics of different socioeconomic class -- Goldsmith et al.
		Nutritional status of alcoholics of different socioeconomic class
		socioeconomic status and 50 with middle or higher socioeconomic status.
	www.jacn.org /cgi/content/abstract/2/3/215 (183 words)

	ASK AMY: INTERNATIONAL
		I need some information on immigrant women who had a middle class status in their home country and were given working class status jobs in the current country.
		The most obvious example I can think of about middle class women who immigrated and become working class--are the women (and men) who emigrated to other countries before, during, after the Holocaust.
		Of course, in some instances, they are middle class women who also have to give up everything.
	www.feminist.com /askamy/inter/in74.html (214 words)

	Is there a north-south divide in social class inequalities in health in Great Britain? Cross sectional study using data ...
		of social class, and covered the whole population.
		professional occupations) to class 7 (routine occupations) of
		Divide in social class inequalities may exist, but it is small.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/328/7447/1043 (1649 words)

	Diversity Innovations \| Student Involvement and Development \| Inter/Intra Group Relations \| Swarthmore College
		The Provost has restructured the responsibilities of the Associate Provost so that the kind of outreach and support to faculty that the grant-funded faculty coordinator has provided will become a permanent dimension of those responsibilities, ensuring the continuation of this critical work.
		The purpose of the mini-grants is to provide an opportunity for students of different racial, religious, ethnic, class, and ideological backgrounds to come together to define and realize common campus objectives.
		Each of the four initiatives will run for two years, at the conclusion of which we hope to integrate those that are most successful into our continuing student life program.
	www.diversityweb.org /diversity_innovations/student_development/inter_intra_group_relations/swarthmore_pluralism.cfm (327 words)

	Working Class Matters: Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Smoking in NHIS 2000
		Overall, the prevalence of current smoking was greatest among persons in--and independently associated with--working class jobs, low educational level, and low income.
		Attempts to quit showed no socioeconomic gradient, while success in quitting was greatest among those with the most socioeconomic resources.
		Reducing social disparities in smoking requires attention to the complexities of class along with race/ethnicity and gender.
	www.tobacco.org /news/151784.html (214 words)

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