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Topic: Soconusco

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	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Voorhies and Gasco, Postclassic Soconusco Society
		The Soconusco has the double distinction of being the last and most distant southern province to be dominated by the Aztecs for tribute purposes, as described below, and one of the last territories to be united with the Republic of Mexico (in 1842).
		In later centuries the Province of Soconusco was divided for administrative purposes into a northwestern Tonalá District--which coincided with the arid northern half of the coastal corridor--and the southeastern Soconusco District--with its higher rainfall, deeper soils, and perennially flowing rivers and streams.
		Soconusco, situated in the western part of the province--closer to Tenochtitlan than all but one of the other conquered towns--may have been the safest location for tribute collection and a preferred point of departure for the porters who transported tribute items to Central Mexico.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exvoopop.html (9100 words)

	Chapter 4
		As long as the people of Soconusco gained their livelihood from hunting, gathering, fishing, and fowling, there was little need to take cognizance of the rhythms of nature, except in the most general way.
		In the middle of the north wall of the ball court of Izapa is this carving of a (bearded?) man standing in a boat with a cross in one of his outstretched hands.
		It is probable, therefore, that in the initial stages of Soconusco's cultural evolution the presence of a fertility cult may well have constituted one of the people's principal forms of religious expression.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~izapa/CS-MM-Chap.4.htm (5470 words)

	BootsnAll.com - A Faraway Place (1 of 6)
		Arriving at Tonalá, in the northern end of the Soconusco, we were already further south than the Florida Keys, the Hawaiian Islands, and Cuba.
		Part of the allure of the Soconusco was that I had promised that the countryside would be lush and verdant, a welcome change from our Mojave Desert locale.
		The man was a herpetologist employed by the zoo in Tuxtla Gutiérrez - the capital of the state of Chiapas, the state of which the Soconusco is a part.
	www.bootsnall.com /travelstories/na/mar01soconusco.shtml (878 words)

	Chiapas 1 - Origen y claves del sistema finquero del Soconusco
		La invasión cafetalera del Soconusco, sólo respeta llanuras costeras, inadecuadas para este cultivo, en las que sobrevive la ganadería extensiva y se desarrollan los hulares; pero en las tierras elevadas, las plantaciones de café se extienden como una mancha de aceite.
		Ciertamente, el Soconusco se transformó en un impresionante emporio agrícola, con inversiones cercanas a los 10 millones de pesos, pero a costa de que la región deviniera en enclave neocolonial del que fluían enormes riquezas hacia las metrópolis.
		Los finqueros del Soconusco, y de todo Chiapas, llegaron a ser presa de sus propias trampas ideológicas, y una forma de pago de la fuerza de trabajo que tenía para ellos la ventaja de justificar legalmente la coacción, acabó por presentárseles como un ruinoso expediente que descapitlizaba sus empresas.
	www.ezln.org /revistachiapas/No1/ch1bartra.html (6973 words)

	flag of Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico flags
		After independence (1821) San Banito, jointly with the Soconusco was targer of Guatemalan smuglers and thieves, until the regions passed definitively to Mexico in 1842.
		For maritime (registration) purposes, about 1923, San Benito Soconusco (currently Puerto Madero) was know after the region and after its municipality: Tapachula.
		Soconusco, Chiapas (Departamento del Pacífico) - Per bend sinister divided blue-red, a white disc in the blue triangle.
	www.flags-of-the-world.net /flags/mx-tap.html (273 words)

	Chapter 5
		Perhaps the explanation is that even resource-rich Soconusco had been pushed to the limits of its "carrying capacity," and overpopulation had finally obliged the Zoques to expand into the territories of their Maya neighbors to the north.
		The original Zoquean core of Soconusco was all but submerged by Nahuatl-speakers, although the Tapachultecas managed to retain their own linguistic identity in the mountains back of Izapa until the latter decades of the nineteenth century.
		Surely, as the Olmecs began their northward expansion out of Soconusco, it would have been readily apparent to the priests that, even though the sun continues to make two zenithal passages across the Gulf coastal plain in a given year, it does so at a shorter interval than in their homeland.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~izapa/CS-MM-Chap.5.htm (11474 words)

	Mexico Desconocido: rain forest Plants and flowers of the Chiapas jungle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Soconusco – about 60 kilometers wide and over 100 kilometers long – is squeezed by the ocean and mountains that reach and altitude of 4,150 meters above sea level in Tacaná.
		The Pacific Ocean bathes the Soconusco coast, where the main city, Tapachula, known as “the pearl of the Soconusco”, is located.
		The Soconusco region, with heavy rainfall and crossed by many rivers and streams, is the perfect environment.
	www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx /english/naturaleza/flora/detalle.cfm?idsec=10&idsub=26&idpag=1904 (1445 words)

	Chiapas
		Also, the Soconusco is facing environmental degradation, where entire habitats are disappearing.
		"While the Soconusco is widely regarded by botanists as one of the most fertile regions of Mexico with incredible biodiversity, there is not a single publication in either Spanish or English that explores plant use among the local inhabitants," Gasco says.
		An untapped resource, the Soconusco region provides a remarkable opportunity for research, Gasco observes, and an ideal laboratory for students to study firsthand and have the opportunity to contribute to initial research.
	www.csudh.edu /univadv/IDH1100/Spirit_of_Learning_1100.html (1585 words)

	Catherine Nolan-Ferrell- Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Soconusco, the coffee-producing zone in southern Chiapas that borders with Guatemala, had an ambiguous national identity historically.
		The vast bulk of the population immigrated to the region: the wealthy elite generally came from Germany, while the predominantly indigenous rural workers came from either the highlands of Chiapas or from Guatemala.
		One is an article on the labor history of banana workers in the Soconusco.
	colfa.utsa.edu:16080 /colfa/HIST/cnolanferrell/research.html (475 words)

	CULTURE AND FRUIT QUALITY OF RAMBUTAN (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM L.) IN THE SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO - TRAINING EXPERIENCES
		Rambutan cropping and the specific growing methods in the Soconusco were compared with the growing standards described in the literature.
		With the cooperation of the rambutan growers, fruit quality in the Soconusco was examined.
		In conclusion the fruit quality in the Soconusco is very variable and influenced by the environment and management practices.
	www.actahort.org /books/672/672_44.htm (240 words)

	[No title]
		However, a recent study of Soconusco, the region of Chiapas with the most developed commercial agricultural sector, provides some basic insights into the structure and economic clout of the private sector.
		At the pinnacle of the Soconusco land system are 144 holdings between 500 and 1000 has, and 109 in excess of 1,000 hectares.7 Poverty and Mexican Agriculture To fully understand Chiapan agriculture, one has to step back and look at the general state of Mexican agriculture.
		At the pinnacle of the Soconusco land system are 144 holdings between 500 and 1000 has, and 109 in excess of 1,000 hectares.7 Moreover, on a national level, as well as in Chiapas, Mexican agriculture is in crisis.
	db.uwaterloo.ca /%7Ealopez-o/politics/chiapasagri.html (9491 words)

	Mesoamerica and Central America, 2000-1000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Villages around the Basin of Mexico and the Soconusco region of coastal Guatemala establish trade routes and social organization becomes increasingly complex.
		Volcanic stone, a rare commodity imported into the floodplains of the Gulf Coast from the distant Tuxtla mountains, is used and reused for large, unprecedented three-dimensional sculpture, including multi-ton stone heads.
		1050 B.C. Olmec stylistic traits are present in ceramics and greenstone figurine fragments in the Soconusco region of the Pacific coast.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/03/ca/ht03ca.htm (550 words)

	CIEPAC: Chiapas al Día, No. 185 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the Soconusco region alone it is possible to cultivate 50,000 hectares.
		In 1997, the BANRURAL bank allocated $951,000 for the acquisition of a roasting plant of Brazilian manufacture, with a capacity of 113,000 quintals [@100 lb.] of organic coffee for export annually.
		This organization states that it has more than 1500 producers in 19 municipalities in the Soconusco, Sierra and Coastal regions in the state of Chiapas, producing approximately 45,000 tons of organic coffee per season.
	www.ciepac.org /bulletins/ingles/Ing125.html (3468 words)

	Soconusco Caving Expedition, Chiapas, Mexico
		We knew that Soconusco, our destination, was at the same elevation but there were a number of valleys in between.
		What we were all wondering was whether we would make it back before dark, and if not would we be able to figure out where to go in the dark.
		One of the prime movers, at least on the lower part of the mountain, is Taco Van Ieperon who can be seen here just about to descend a new pit up hill from the pueblo of Soconusco.
	www.cancaver.ca /int/mexico/zotz/others/chiapas1997.htm (1682 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Robert M. Rosenswig
		In addition to local processes, the goal of this research is to determine the nature of changing relations between elites on the Gulf Coast of México and the Soconusco.
		Cuauhtémoc is the only site in the Soconusco documented to date that was continuously occupied during the Early and Middle Formative from the Barra through Conchas phases (Table 1).
		Along with the concomitant abandonment of these two centers, ongoing survey conducted by the Soconusco Formative project (and funded by the National Science Foundation) demonstrates that the entire region was virtually abandoned at the end of the Conchas phase.
	www.famsi.org /reports/01052/section01.htm (753 words)

	The Case of Chiapas, Part 1
		The Soconusco Coast is dominated by great plantations of cash crops for export and some light industry served by modernizing port facilities.
		The Central Highlands rise 900 meters from the coast to the fertile lands of the Grijalva River and its tributaries.
		Most of the best land for coffee lies along the Soconusco Coast and is controlled by a small number of large coffee estates.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /pcs/eps/chiapas/chiapas1.htm (5358 words)

	lavaca.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		El café de exportación del Soconusco, otro bien económicamente estratégico para México, está expuesto simultáneamente a la ocasional transmisión de innovaciones técnicas y a la de enfermedades.
		La región del Soconusco tiene relevancia no sólo por su enorme contribución en la producción, sino también por recurrir a la superexplotación de la calificada y barata mano de obra guatemalteca, así como por ser la puerta de entrada a las innovaciones tecnológicas en este cultivo desarrolladas en Guatemala, El Salvador y Costa Rica.
		La caída en los precios del café restringe el margen de ganancia de los finqueros, quienes, de conformidad con el estilo de desarrollo mencionado, requieren comprimir aún más los salarios[54] y recurren a la fuerza de trabajo ilegal de los guatemaltecos que, por esta misma razón, es todavía más barata[55].
	www.lavaca.org /notas/nota492.shtml (13181 words)

	UCSB Anthropology Faculty--Voorhies
		The Ultimate Tribute: The Role of the Soconusco as an Aztec Tributary, co-authored with Janine Gasco.
		An Introduction to the Soconusco and Its Prehistory.
		Proyecto Soconusco: An Archaeological Investigation of the Ancient Economic History in the Coastal Lowlands of Chiapas Mexico.
	www.anth.ucsb.edu /faculty/voorhies/voorhies_cv.html (1560 words)

	BootsnAll.com - A Faraway Place (6 of 6)
		Beginning in 1560, Spanish entrepreneurs brought cattle to the savannas of the Soconusco.
		Human nature being what it is, the Spanish must have immediately waged war against the rough-skinned reptiles that savor meals of little calves - and small children.
		The Soconusco is an exciting place for off-the-beaten-path explorers.
	www.bootsnall.com /cgi-bin/gt/travelstories/na/mar01soconusco6.shtml (532 words)

	Antiquity, Project Gallery: Rosenswig
		While inter-regional interaction was widespread, nowhere was it more intense than with the peoples inhabiting the Soconusco region on the Pacific coast of southern Chiapas, Mexico (Clark 1997; Rosenswig 2000).
		In 2002, the Soconusco Formative Project began work at the site of Cuauhtémoc and documented its occupation during the first seven ceramic phases in the Soconusco, from 1600 to 700 BC (Figure 1).
		The 2002 season of the Soconusco Formative Project was supported by grants from the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, the National Science Foundation, the Yale Center for International and Area Studies and the Albers Travel Fund, Yale University.
	www.antiquity.ac.uk /ProjGall/rosenswig/index.html (728 words)

	California State University, Dominguez Hills \| Dominguez Hills Dateline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Janine Gasco, associate professor of anthropology, presented her paper, titled "Ethnoecology in Tropical Chiapas, Mexico: Applying Lessons of the Past to the Future," at the annual meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology in April in Santa Fe.
		Her book, Postclassic Soconusco Society: The Late Prehistory of the Coast of Chiapas, Mexico, has just been published by the Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, University at Albany.
		“The same social and environmental problems that we currently see in Soconusco can be found all around the world, and there is a growing international movement to encourage what is known as ‘sustainable development,’ meaning that we need to find ways to meet our needs today that will not compromise the well-being of future generations.
	www.csudh.edu /univadv/dateline/archives/20050516/facstaffnews/janinegasco.htm (401 words)

	ATC Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A esta importante ciudad, segunda en importancia en el Estado de Chiapas, se le conoce como "La Perla del Soconusco".
		El Soconusco es la rica región que comprende la planicie costera entre Océano Pacífico y la sierra Madre de Chiapas que se eleva en el volcán Tacana a 4,100 metros sobre el nivel del mar.
		En el Museo Regional del Soconusco se aprecia una gran colección de testimonio arqueológicos producto de la colonización de lapues no s zona desde hace cinco mil años por las culturas Mockaya, Olmeca y Maya, sucesivamente.
	www.atctours.com /web/interes_tapachula.htm (194 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Janine Gasco
		In Ancient Trade and Tribute: Economies of the Soconusco Region of Mesoamerica, Barbara Voorhies, editor, pp.
		The Province of Soconusco from Aztec Conquest to Spanish Colonial Rule.
		The Ultimate Tribute: The Role of the Soconusco as an Aztec Tributary.
	www.famsi.org /reports/99035/section11.htm (434 words)

	Multinational Monitor: The other Chiapas. (labor unrest in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Labor unrest is brewing in Soconusco in Chiapas, Mexico, between coffee workers and property owners.
		Coffee workers led by Coalition of Workers, Peasants, and Students of Soconusco leader Francisco Aranda held protest rallies against the Chiapas State Coffee Producers Union headed by Carlos J. Bracamontes.
		The workers demanded that the union address their concerns about working conditions, environmental health, educational reform and corruption.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:17293705&refid=holomed_1 (170 words)

	[No title]
		This study explores how participation in the colonial world economic system influenced patterns of economic inequality within and among the indigenous communities of the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico.
		Specifically, the research addresses frequently debated issues regarding changing levels of economic stratification within colonial Indian communities and among modern peasant communities as participation in the world economy increases.
		An analysis of documentary and archaeological data from Soconusco reveals that during the course of approximately 250 years, both leveling and increased stratification occu rred in different towns and at different times.
	www.unm.edu /~jar/v52n4.html (1533 words)

	> > Compare UK book prices. Postclassic Soconusco Society: The Late Prehistory of the Coast of Chiapas, Mexico ...
		Postclassic Soconusco Society: The Late Prehistory of the Coast of Chiapas, Mexico (Institute for Mesoamerican Studies), Barbara Voorhies, Janine Gasco.
		Postclassic Soconusco Society: The Late Prehistory of the Coast of Chiapas, Mexico (Institute for Mesoamerican Studies)
		Above is a book price comparison of "Postclassic Soconusco Society: The Late Prehistory of the Coast of Chiapas, Mexico (Institute for Mesoamerican Studies)".
	www.best-book-price.co.uk /compare-book-price-code-0942041208.html (325 words)

	ENERGY BALANCES IN THE TROPICAL FRUIT PRODUCTION OF THE SOCONUSCO REGION, CHIAPAS, MEXICO
		Since in annual crops the production and maintenance costs have become very high, fruit crops come into consideration as a viable alternative for many growers to reduce the economic impact on their properties in the Soconusco Region.
		Furthermore, the shift to permanent crops has supported the reduction of the environmental impact of many cultivation practices applied to annual crops.
		The increasing demand for fresh fruits in the markets, resulting from their highly recommended nutritional value, led to an intensification of fruit production in the early nineties, causing a new increase in the application of agrochemicals in order to reduce labour hours per unit of product with a consequent reduction of production costs.
	www.actahort.org /books/531/531_7.htm (270 words)

	barcelona.indymedia.org - webcast news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		El reclamo que desde hace 10 años han hecho los habitantes del Soconusco, en cuanto a separarse de la entidad y constituir el estado 32 de la República Mexicana, obedece más a intereses políticos que a un sentir generalizado de los ciudadanos de esa región, consideraron diputados del Congreso local de Chiapas.
		La anterior declaración se dio en virtud de que el Frente Unico Pro-Soberanía del Soconusco General Sebastián Escobar, inició este mes una consulta para recabar más de 120 mil firmas que le permitan avanzar en las gestiones para la separación de la región del Soconusco de Chiapas, y conformarla como estado libre y soberano.
		Abundó que según el artículo 73 sección III de la Constitución Política de México es facultad del Congreso de la Unión admitir nuevos estados, y para lograr la separación del Soconusco y conformar un estado libre y soberano se necesitan 120 mil firmas reunidas en los 29 municipios que lo integrarían.
	barcelona.indymedia.org /front.php3?article_id=16001 (489 words)

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