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	5. ALGINATE
		Alginate is present in the cell walls of brown algae as the calcium, magnesium and sodium salts of alginic acid.
		The rationale behind the extraction of alginate from the seaweed is to convert all the alginate salts to the sodium salt, dissolve this in water, and remove the seaweed residue by filtration.
		Alginate molecules are long chains that contain two different acidic components, abbreviated here for simplicity to M and G. The way in which these M and G units are arranged in the chain and the overall ratio, M/G, of the two units in a chain can vary from one species of seaweed to another.
	www.fao.org /docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e08.htm (5954 words)

	Development and Evaluation of Oral Multiple-unit and Single-unit Hydrophilic Controlled-release Systems
		Sodium alginate had a less pronounced sustained release effect compared with Carbopol (ie, in 8 hours all 3 sodium alginate dosage forms displayed complete release of furosemide, while only 30% of the drug was released from Carbopol dosage forms).
		Evaluation of the release data indicates that the release mechanism for sodium alginate formulations may be attributed to erosion/dissolution, while for Carbopol it may be attributed mainly to polymer relaxation and diffusion of the drug from the polymer surface.
		Finally, evaluation of the release data showed that the release mechanism for sodium alginate formulations might be attributed to swelling and erosion/dissolution of the polymer while for Carbopol formulations it may be attributed to polymer relaxation and diffusion of the drug mainly from the surface of the polymer.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt010434 (3915 words)

	Enzyme Entrapment in Alginate Gel
		Alginate, commercially available as alginic acid, sodium salt, commonly called sodium alginate, is a linear polysaccharide normally isolated from many strains of marine brown seaweed and algae, thus the name alginate.
		Sodium alginate solution is best prepared by adding the powder to agitated water, rather than vice versa, to avoid the formation of clumps.
		After sodium alginate is completely dissolved, leave the solution undisturbed for 30 minutes to eliminate the air bubbles that can later be entrapped and cause the beads to float.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~nsw/ench485/lab7b.htm (696 words)

	POLYMERS IN ALIMENTARY INDUSTRIE: PROPERTIES OF THE SODIUM ALGINATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of these substances is the sodium alginate, this polymer is found combined with sugar in most of its alimentary uses.
		The gels that form the alginates are of chemical type, they are not reversible when we heat them, and they are formed in calcium presence, that it must be added of controlled form to obtain the formation of ordered molecular associations.
		Viscosity vs. shear rate for 0.5% of alginate and different concentrations of sugar: 0 % (o); 20 % (·); 30 % (□); 40 % (■), at 40 ºC. The influence of the temperature on the viscosity is shown in the Fig.
	ejeafche.uvigo.es /2(3)2003/006232003F.htm (1874 words)

	Pharmaceutical Formulation & Quality
		Sodium alginate consists mainly of the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a mixture of polyuronic acids composed of 1, 4’-linked ß-D-mannuronic acid and ß-L-guluronic acid residues.
		Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n consists mainly of the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a mixture of polyuronic acids composed of 1, 4-linked ß-D-mannuronic acid and ß-L-guluronic acid residues.
		Sodium alginate is used in some liquid medicines to increase viscosity and improve the suspension of solids.
	www.pharmaquality.com /mag/03272006/pfq_03272666_FO3.htm (1788 words)

	Sodium Alginates and other Phyco-Polysaccharides
		Calcium alginate, the calcium salt of alginic acid, is used as a wound dressing for the treatment of exudative wounds.
		Sodium alginate may have some usefulness as a lipid-lowering agent, but the evidence for this possible indication is preliminary.
		Sodium alginate may reduce the absorption of food carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein and such minerals in foods as calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and chromium.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/sod_0017.shtml (1798 words)

	Sodium alginate
		Sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid.
		This test distinguishes sodium alginate from gum arabic, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan, gelatin, gum ghatti, karaya gum, carob bean gum, methyl cellulose and tragacanth gum.
		Each ml of 0.25 N sodium hydroxide consumed is equivalent to 5.5 mg of carbon dioxide (CO) or 27.75 mg of sodium alginate (equivalent weight 222).
	www.fao.org /docrep/W6355E/w6355e0x.htm (496 words)

	Aerosol hair setting composition containing an alginate - Patent 4913893
		Sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, propylene glycol alginate and ethylene glycol alginate.
		Generally the alginate will be present in the concentrate at a concentration in a range of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the concentrate and depending on the molecular weight of the polymer.
		sodium, ammonium or triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; polyethylene glycol ether fatty alcohols (20-45 moles of ethoxylation), sodium isethionate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium and ammonium xylene sulphonate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4913893.html (1859 words)

	The role of alginate dressings in wound healing Diabetic Foot, The - Find Articles
		Alginate dressings have been available since 1984 (Smith, 1992) although the benefits of seaweed have been known for centuries, when it was known as the 'Mariner's cure' (Jones, 1999).
		Alginate dressings are produced from alginic acid, which occurs naturally in brown seaweed found on the west coast of Ireland, and in the Outer Hebrides, Europe and the USA.
		Alginic acid is a polymer of mannuronic and guluronic acid molecules, and alginate dressings vary in their proportions of these molecules, depending mainly on the origin and species of seaweed and which part of the plant is used in the manufacture.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0MDQ/is_4_7/ai_n9475229 (830 words)

	755. Alginic acid and its ammonium, calcium, potassium and sodium salts (WHO Food Additives Series 30)
		C-Labelled alginates were fed as 10% of the diet to 10-week-old rats that had been starved for 24 h; and the subsequent metabolism over a 17 h period was measured.
		Sodium alginate was incorporated into the control diet at the expense of equal amounts of the precooked control starch.
		Sodium alginate acted as a bulking agent of moderate efficiency as indicated by a significant increase in faecal dry and wet weight and an increase in water content of faeces without a significant change in transit time.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v30je10.htm (4732 words)

	Sodium alginate, Superclear, and other dye thickeners
		Sodium alginate is the most popular of the dye thickeners and may be purchased from any good dye supplier by mail order; see Sources for Dyeing Supplies for a list of different dye supply companies.
		Alginate is extracted from brown algae, a type of seaweed.
		The other answer to the problem of dissolving alginate is to mix the alginate with either alcohol or corn oil before adding the water, so that the particles will be separate and not stick together when water hits them.
	www.pburch.net /dyeing/FAQ/alginate.shtml (1309 words)

	Patent 5,985,323
		The alginate employed in this invention is preferably low viscosity sodium alginate, but may also be a sodium, calcium salt complex of low viscosity sodium alginate.
		Thus, the alginate may be selected from the group consisting of low viscosity sodium alginate and a sodium, calcium complex of low viscosity sodium alginate.
		If it is desired to use the sodium, calcium salt complex, this salt complex of the low viscosity sodium alginate is preferably formed in situ from low viscosity sodium alginate in the manner and amounts described in U.S. Pat.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/111699OG/5985323_granulation11699.htm (659 words)

	Alginic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alginic acid (algine, alginate) is a viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae.
		Alginate absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in the manufacture of paper and textiles.
		Alginate is used extensively as a mold-making material in dentistry, prosthetics, lifecasting, and in textiles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alginate (369 words)

	Water Softening and Sodium, comparison of sodium levels in food and softened water
		Sodium chloride (salt) and monosodium glutamate (MSG, Accent, etc.) are used by commercial food processors in bacon, salted crackers, olives, soups, sauces, and almost all convenience foods such as frozen dinners and packaged mixes.
		Sodium alginate is used in chocolate milk and ice creams to Improve their texture.
		Sodium propionate is used to inhibit mold growth in cheeses and bread.
	www.awqinc.com /sodium_softening.html (704 words)

	Chitosan and Sodium Alginate—Based Bioadhesive Vaginal Tablets
		In this respect, the polysaccharides chitosan and sodium alginate, a cationic and an anionic agent, respectively, have received particular attention.
		Sodium alginate (Sod alg.) with glucoronic acid content of 69% with a medium polymerization degree of 400 to 600 came from Coloplast (Cambridge, UK).
		In conclusion, FIII containing 6% chitosan, 24% sodium alginate, 30% sodium CMC, and 20% MCC was found to be the best formulation regarding all the properties evaluated in order to achieve the aim of this study.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps040444 (1832 words)

	Alginate gum makes fresh, new culinary ideas stick Nation's Restaurant News - Find Articles
		Alginate has become a favorite toy of high-end chefs who want to add surprising textures to their foods.
		A type of gum derived from seaweed, alginic acid is extracted from kelp and converted into something water soluble, such as the sodium alginate that avant-garde chef Ferran Adria introduced to the food world drop by drop.
		Although sodium alginate is available from chemical suppliers and Adria even sells caviar kits, George Mendes, chef of Tocqueville in New York, buys his sodium alginate as a high-fiber dietary supplement.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3190/is_39_39/ai_n15655364 (953 words)

	Shake Your Salt Habit
		Sodium hydroxide — Used in food processing to soften and loosen skins of ripe olives and certain fruits and vegetables.
		Sodium propionate — Used in pasteurized cheese and in some breads and cakes to inhibit growth of molds.
		Sodium sulfite — Used to bleach certain fruits such as maraschino cherries and glazed or crystallized fruits that are to be artificially colored; also used as a preservative in some dried fruits such as prunes.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=2106 (646 words)

	Sodium Alginate-Conditioners & Thickeners
		Sodium Alginate is a natural, water-soluble polysaccharide that produces a gel consistency when hydrated.
		Sodium Alginate has been used in the medical field, in the food industry, and more recently in cosmetics as a skin care ingredient.
		Sodium Alginate is also useful as a natural viscosity builder and additive for creams, lotions and other products.
	www.theherbarie.com /Sodium-Alginate-pr-54.html (307 words)

	eG Forums -> Adventures with sodium alginate
		I added all of the alginate that the recipe called for to the water at once and then attempted to blend it in, rather than adding a little powder at a time and then blending, which led to gooey chunks that were difficult to dissolve (which you can sort of see in the picture.)
		The MSDS for sodium alginate lists these as possible symptoms of ingestion, so this is an effect probably inherent to sodium alginate.
		Alginate is used in making onion rings, as well as a number of other "structured foods".
	forums.egullet.org /index.php?showtopic=86839 (3463 words)

	Solid propellant with alginate binder - Patent 4140562
		A solid propellant fuel composition for rockets comprising ammonium nitrate and sodium alginate as the principal essential ingredients, the sodium alginate being employed in the ratio of about 2.5 to 5.5 parts per 12 parts of ammonium nitrate.
		Among suitable water-soluble derivatives of alginic acid are water-soluble inorganic salts such as the sodium, potassium and ammonium alginates, organic salts such as the alkanolamine salts (e.g., the triethanolamine salt) and esters such as the propylene glycol ester of alginic acid.
		When the sodium alginate is then added, it completely absorbs the solution to produce a dough-like mass of relatively low water content with the ammonium nitrate uniformly and thoroughly dispersed therethrough in intimate relationship to the other ingredients.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4140562.html (1660 words)

	Sodium Alginate by Genestra
		Sodium Alginate provides a pure source of this excellent chelator known for its ability to bind to heavy metals, including radioactive particles and everyday environmental toxins.
		Sodium alginate, an extract from brown algae, is known for its ability to bind to strontium, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, barium and aluminum.
		Sodium Alginate is essential for any heavy metal detoxification program, especially for barium, cadmium, lead, strontium and mercury, and for toxic environmental fumes.
	www.rockwellnutrition.net /product.asp?itemid=707 (212 words)

	Dr. Skip's Corner : February 2005
		To make a 2 wt% solution of Sodium Alginate we would need 2 grams of sodium alginate powder for every 100 grams of water (which is almost the same as 100 ml of water because the density of water is approximately 1.0 g/ml at room temperature).
		The sodium alginate will keep for several weeks in the refrigerator or it can be poured down this drain as well.
		The gel beads that are formed by dripping sodium alginate and water into calcium chloride are held together by cross-linking.
	engr.oregonstate.edu /momentum/k12/feb05 (2835 words)

	Food Info Net Info Exchange Center - Supply Sodium Alginate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sodium Alginate is derived from seaweed and is the most desirable thickener for Procion MX dye.
		Sodium Alginate was a reactive printing agent, has a special propety.
		After use Sodium Alginate as a printing agent, it not only affects the dyeing reaction but also makes the product outline clear, color bright, felling smooth.
	www.foodinfonet.com /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=328 (292 words)

	Sodium: Are you getting too much? - MayoClinic.com
		People who are sodium sensitive retain sodium more easily, leading to excess fluid retention and increased blood pressure.
		Whether food comes by its sodium naturally or not, your daily intake can add up quickly when you tally the sodium from all of your meals and snacks.
		Though dietary potassium can lessen some of the harm of excess sodium, too much supplemental potassium can be harmful if you have kidney problems or if you're taking medications for congestive heart failure or high blood pressure that cause potassium retention.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/sodium/NU00284 (1166 words)

	sodium alginate Sellers, Suppliers, Exporters, Manufacturers, Factories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Solid-phase food additive sodium alginate a.Stability Sodium alginate is applied as stabilizer for ice cream replacing starch and gelatin, capable of controlling the ice crystallization, improving ice cream’s taste as w....
		Sodium alginate widely used in testile printing and dyeing industries, as printing agent, suitable for cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fibre.
		Sodium alginate series includes industrial dye-printing grade sodium alginate and purpose-made dye-printing sodium alginate.
	www.fuzing.com /qrx/sodium_alginate (526 words)

	Algin, Alginate, Hydrocolloids, Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		Sodium alginate is available from cold storage with top gel strength, and white color (food grade).
		sodium alginate is water soluble (ref Fennema, 1996).
		Comments: The extraction of the alginates means that it frequently is sold as sodium alginate.
	food.oregonstate.edu /gums/alginates.html (184 words)

	Alginate
		Our alginate products are the preferred choice of E F/X and lifecasting artists, taxiderists and prosthetics makers worldwide.
		Use the alginate table to select the alginate formula that is just right for your application.
		Whatever proportion of our alginates to water you choose (FiberGel needs precise proportions for best application), it is advisable to mix the material very thoroughly until you achieve a smooth consistency.
	www.artmolds.com /index.cfm?u_cat=26 (379 words)

	Synthetic Natural Polymers - Products
		Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide, which is completely soluble in cold or hot water.
		SNP “L-Series” are liquid sodium alginate products for use in the paper, textile and other specialty industries.
		The “L-Series” liquid sodium alginate products are freeze/thaw stable, require no alkali to activate, are easy to handle, and can be conveniently disposed.
	www.snpinc.com /alginate.htm (555 words)

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