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Topic: Sodium amalgam

Related Topics

Amalgam

Sodium borohydride

Reducing agent

Guncotton

Ammonia

Amyl alcohol

Oxidizing agent

Collodion

Vaseline

Cordite

	Sodium amalgam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemistry, sodium amalgam is an amalgam, or alloy of mercury, with sodium metal.
		Normally this sodium amalgam is drawn off and reacted with water in a "decomposer cell" to produce hydrogen gas, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, and mercury to be recycled through the process.
		A sodium amalgam is used in the design of the high pressure sodium lamp providing sodium to produce the proper color, and mercury to tailor the electrical characteristics of the lamp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sodium_amalgam (310 words)

	Amalgam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This early amalgam was low in mercury and had to be heated in order for the silver to dissolve at any appreciable rate.
		The formation of amalgams facilitates the reduction of most metal ions in aqueous solutions that is normally not possible because their reduction potentials are more negative than the potential for the reduction of the solution.
		Mercury amalgams have been used in the gold and silver mining process due to the ease with which mercury will amalgamate with them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amalgam (427 words)

	Coumarin - LoveToKnow Watches
		It is prepared artificially by heating aceto-ortho-coumaric acid (which is formed from sodium salicyl aldehyde) or from the action of acetic anhydride and sodium acetate on salicyl aldehyde (Sir W. Perkin, Berichte, 1875, 8, p.
		By the action of sodium amalgam it is readily converted into melilotic acid, which melts at 81° C., and on distillation furnishes its lactone, hydrocoumarin, melting at 25° C. For the relations of coumaric and coumarinic acid see Annalen, 254, p.
		It may be synthesized from resorcin and malic anhydride or from 13 resorcyl aldehyde, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Coumarin (545 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Brine electrolysis
		The sodium ions are transported from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment, by the flow of the solution and by electromigration, where they combine with the hydroxyl ions generated at the cathode during the formation of the hydrogen from the water molecules.
		In the cathode compartment, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is ~12%, and the salt concentration is ~14%.
		The catholyte is evaporated in a multi-effect evaporator.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-b01-brine.htm (6588 words)

	SODIUM HYDROXIDE
		Sodium Hydroxide solutions are produced as a co-product with Chlorine electrolytically by three technologies: mercury cells, membrane cells, and diaphragm cells.
		Sodium hydroxide should be kept away from drinking water source because it may die or have severe scarring of tissues in humans as well as animals.
		Sodium hydroxide in the atmosphere decomposes to form sodium oxide, which is a hazardous gas.
	www.geocities.com /tiger_dil3000 (1544 words)

	Oximes - LoveToKnow 1911
		On reduction by sodium amalgam in glacial acetic acid solution they yield primary amines.
		HO N Aldoximes are generally obtained by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the aldehyde in presence of sodium carbonate; the oxime being then usually extracted from the solution by ether.
		Its sodium salt is obtained by the action of sodamide on the oxime, in presence of benzene (A. Titherley, Jour.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Oximes (1553 words)

	FanFiction.Net : Dictionary & Thesaurus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		[1913 Webster] Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
		Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance, Na2CO3.10H2O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt.
		Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH, having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate.
	www.fanfiction.net /dictionary.php?word=NaOH (379 words)

	sodium
		Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the earth's crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member.
		Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide.
		Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and esters, and in the preparation of organic compounds.
	www.speclab.com /elements/sodium.htm (850 words)

	Chapter Socialism <i>to</i> Soft of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid.
		Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product.
		an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/24087/5.html (481 words)

	ChlorAlkali
		The theoretical decomposition voltage of sodium chloride E0, 2.3 volts is the same for the diaphragm and membrane cells.
		The mercury cell operation utilizes mercury as the cathode for the electrolytic reaction, as well as for the sodium amalgam that is reacted to deionized water to produce the Caustic Soda solution.
		The Sodium ion is reacted with purified water as in the mercury cell to produce the Caustic Soda.
	www.energymanagertraining.com /ChlorAlkali.htm (2438 words)

	Na = Sodium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		by Davy in 1807 by electrolysis of fused sodium hydroxide.
		As sodium is not strictly an essential element it cannot be expected to have a specific role in the metabolic activities of plants.
		Where sodium produces significant effects it is often regarded as a conserver of potassium and as being able partly to replace that element in its role.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/na.htm (286 words)

	Using Mercury - for recreational gold prospecting
		A true amalgam is when one metal is actually dissolved in another in which case we would not be able to filter out the gold from our amalgamated concentrates.
		Second, sodium is a metal, white, very soft, can cut it with a knife, it would be a little hard to lay your hands on.
		Sodium amalgam is one of the strongest reducing agents known to science.
	www.prospectorsparadise.com /html/mercury.html (4318 words)

	Definition of Soda from dictionary.net
		Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid).
		Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
		Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance, HNaCO3, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate.
	www.dictionary.net /soda (455 words)

	Assessment of Mercury Releases from the Russian Federation – 3 Intentional use of Mercury
		The decomposer is a short-circuited electrical cell in which the sodium amalgam acts as the anode and graphite as the cathode in a sodium hydroxide solution.
		These requirements are concerned with the fact that by the recovering of the amalgam to elemental mercury mercury, the metals promote formation of so called "amalgam butter" – a viscous mass with ferromagnetic properties (in case of iron) and a foamy mass (in case of vanadium, molybdenum, chrome).
		Mercury slurry and amalgam oil from the electrolysis room are fed in drums to the regeneration bay for treatment, including a preliminary settlement or separation of the bulk mercury portion followed by thermal regeneration.
	www.mst.dk /udgiv/Publications/2005/87-7614-539-5/html/kap03_eng.htm (15190 words)

	chlorine
		C, and electrolysis of molten sodium chloride yields sodium metal at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode.
		Sodium chloride solution 0.10M, 25 mL beaker, watch glass, cathode and anode assemblies as described above, stand with two clamps, low voltage DC source, leads, solid bromothymol blue indicator.
		If the solution is yellow, dip a glass rod or spatula in very dilute sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, transfer it to the indicator solution and stir; repeat until the solution turns green.
	chem.lapeer.org /Chem2Docs/chlorine.html (1682 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A white powder soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol; melts at 1800°C; used as a zeolite-type of material and a mordant, and in water purification, milkglass manufacture, and cleaning compounds.
		Colorless crystals, soluble in water; the aqueous solution is strongly acidic; decomposes at 315°C; used for flux to decompose minerals, as a disinfectant, and in dyeing and manufacture of magnesia, cements, perfumes, brick, and glue.
		O Poisonous, red to orange deliquescent crystals; soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol; melts at 320°C; loses water of hydration upon prolonged heating at 105°C; used as a chemical intermediate and corrosion inhibitor and in the manufacture of pigments, leather tanning, and electroplating.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/S/S34/DictS34.html (1746 words)

	Dissertation
		Sodium borohydride (188mg, 4.97mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at -10degC under argon until tlc analysis indicated complete consumption of the sulfone (ca.
		Sodium borohydride (170mg, 4.49mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at -10degC under argon until tlc analysis indicated complete consumption of the sulfone (ca.
		The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100ml) and the solution washed sequentially with 1M hydrochloric acid (40ml), sodium bicarbonate (50ml), and water (50ml) then dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/papers/59/bl2exp8.html (389 words)

	Die Deutsche Amalgam-Page, Amalgamkrieg in Florida, Boyd Haley, http://www.ariplex.com/ama/amahaley.htm
		Baratz wants to claim that metallic sodium and chlorine gas are toxic but become non-toxic on conversion to a compound, sodium chloride, and therefore, mercury in an amalgam is not toxic because it is surrounded by other (toxic) metals that he feels produces something that is not mercury.
		The metallic bonds formed between mercury and other metals in amalgams are stronger and a solid phase is produced---but the bonds between mercury and, say silver, are weaker than silver-silver metal bonds and therefore break easier releasing elemental mercury vapor at a regular rate.
		Long-term Dissolution of Mercury from a Non-Mercury-Releasing Amalgam.
	www.ariplex.com /ama/amahaley.htm (2355 words)

	Synthesis of Nor(pseudo)ephedrine and (pseudo)Ephedrine - [www.rhodium.ws]
		The unmethylated amino alcohol was obtained by reduction of the nitro alcohol either with zinc and sulfuric acid, tin and hydrochloric acid, sodium amalgam and acetic acid, or by catalytic hydrogenation.
		Glacial acetic acid (160 g., 2.66 moles) and 3% sodium amalgam (1924 g., 2.5 moles) were added in small portions and with good agitation to a solution of 2-nitro-1- phenyl-1-propanol (36.2 g, 0.2 mole) in 300 mL of absolute alcohol.
		At the end of the reaction mercury was separated, water was added to dissolve the sodium acetate, and the mixture was heated to remove the alcohol and concentrate the solution.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/nor-pseudo-ephedrine.html (1639 words)

	VOLTAGE
		The amount of amalgam that vaporizes depends on the total energy in the arc and the temperature of the amalgam.
		As the lamp ages, the amalgam is actually consumed in very small amounts, thus a surplus must be added to the arc-tube when it is manufactured.
		When HPS lamps were first introduced, the amount of amalgam not held in a vaporized state remained condensed in an external reservoir located in the coolest part of the lamp.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /skylux/inglese/lamphpsing.htm (924 words)

	High Intensity Discharge Lamps
		High Pressure Sodium HID Lamps contain a small ceramic arc tube filled with xenon as a starting gas and a mercury and sodium amalgam.
		High-pressure sodium lamps produce a high quality light by passing an arc through sodium at high pressures.
		In general, high-pressure sodium lamps have the best efficiency of any light source, very long life, warm color, and can be burned in any position.
	danpatch.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/mercbuild/src/hi_lamp.htm (680 words)

	Amalgam Patents Information and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the late 1980s, while its amalgam patents were still in effect, the ADA adopted...
		Most of the amalgam patents andgt; are held by the manufacturers...
		For years, the ADA also held patents on amalgam further evidence of its economic-based support for the...
	www.patentsdiy.com /more/patents/amalgam-patents.html (475 words)

	Baratz Testimony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The amount of mercury that might be released from a dental amalgam is a fraction of that, in a day.
		Amalgam has mercury therefore you are putting poison in people''s mouths.
		Dr. Baratz wants to claim that metallic sodium and chlorine gas are toxic but become non-toxic on conversion to a compound, sodium chloride, and therefore, mercury in an amalgam is not toxic because it is surrounded by other (toxic) metals that he feels produces something that is not mercury.
	www.altcorp.com /DentalInformation/baratztestimony.htm (6944 words)

	saleratus
		See {Sal}, and and {A["e]rated}.] (Old Chem.) A["e]rated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under {Sodium}.) It is largely used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast.
		It is also an ingredient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.
		Called also {cooking soda}, {saleratus}, and technically, {acid sodium carbonate}, {primary sodium carbonate}, {sodium dicarbonate}, etc {Sodium carbonate}, a white crystalline substance, {Na2CO3.10H2O}, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt.
	www.beetfoundation.com /words/s/saleratus.html (426 words)

	Julia Olefination
		The reductive elimination with sodium amalgam to furnish the alkene takes place in a second step.
		Keck demonstrated in 1995 that when the sodium amalgam reaction is run in MeOD as solvent, deuterium is incorporated into the product, in contrast to the absence of incorporation seen in the SmI
		The classical Julia Olefination with sodium amalgam might possibly proceed via an initial elimination to an alkenyl sulfone, which would then undergo homolytic cleavage involving single electron transfer.
	www.organic-chemistry.org /namedreactions/julia-olefination.shtm (270 words)

	A Practical Total Synthesis of Cocaine's Enantiomers - [www.rhodium.ws]
		The reduction of 2-CMT with sodium amalgam yields a mixture of (±)-EME and (±)-pseudoecgonine methylester (PEME).
		With stirring the solution was treated with 1028 g of 1.5% sodium amalgam in small portions over 2.5 h.
		The extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to a light green oil containing a 3:1 ratio of EME to PEME.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/cocaine.total.synthesis.html (2609 words)

	TEREPHTHALIC - Online Information article about TEREPHTHALIC
		Cyclo-heptane carboxylic acid (suberanic acid), C7H18CO2H, is obtained by the reduction of cyclo-heptene-i-carboxylic acid; from brom-cyclo-heptane by the Grignard reaction; and by the reduction of hydrotropilidine carboxylic acid by sodium in alcoholic solution (R. Willstatter, Ber., 1898, 31, p.
		CO2H, from which suberic acid may be obtained on reduction.
		When reduced in alcoholic solution by means of sodium amalgam it yields methyl granatoline, C8H,8OH.NCH3; this substance, on oxidation with See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TAV_THE/TEREPHTHALIC.html (776 words)

	COUMARIN, C9H602 - Online Information article about COUMARIN, C9H602
		It can also be prepared by heating a mixture of phenol and malic acid with sulphuric acid, or by passing See also:
		By the action of sodium amalgam it is readily converted into melilotic acid, which melts at 81° C., and on See also:
		resorcin and malic anhydride or from 5 resorcyl aldehyde, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COR_CRE/COUMARIN_C9H602.html (587 words)

	SODIUM HYDROXIDE
		Aliquots of washed human hair and fingernails were mixed with various amounts of sodium solution and the extent of keratin breakdown was measured by estimating the cystine produced.
		With aluminum, arsenic trioxide, sodium, and arsenate: An aluminum ladder was used (instead of the usual wooden one) to gain access to a tank containing the alkaline arsenical mixture.
		In the mercury cell process, sodium amalgam is produced at the cathode and reacted in water in a separate reactor, the decomposer.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /sodium_hydroxide1.htm (8383 words)

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