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Topic: Sodium citrate

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	Sodium citrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid with the chemical formula of Na In this sense, it is similar to calcium citrate.
		Sodium citrate is common in lemon-lime soft drinks, and it is partly what causes them to have their sour taste.
		The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sodium_citrate (254 words)

	Citrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Citrates are compounds containing this group, either ionic compounds, the salts, or analogous covalent compounds, esters.
		An example of a salt is sodium citrate and an ester is trimethyl citrate.
		Salts of the hydrogen citrate ions are weakly acidic, while salts of the citrate ion itself (with an inert cation such as sodium ion) are weakly basic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Citrate (298 words)

	Polycystic kidney disease, Polycystic liver disease, OPC 31260, kidney disease, liver disease : PKDiet POTASSIUM CITRATE
		Potassium citrate has a strong alkalizing effect, preserves kidney functioning, extends survival, prevents kidney functioning decline and a few individuals have noted that it has diminished the growth of cystic kidneys, cyst volume, and numbers of cysts.
		Sodium citrate was especially beneficial when started at age 1 month.Your doctor needs to prescribe Urocit K 5 or Polycitra syrup or Sodium Citrate, depending where you are in your kidney functioning.
		Sodium citrate is also used in ice cream to keep the fat globules from sticking together.
	www.pkdiet.com /potassiumcitrate.htm (5753 words)

	UNL Beef Cattle Reports
		Effects of marination with (1) calcium chloride, (2) sodium chloride, (3) sodium phosphate, (4) sodium citrate, (5) iodoacetate, (6) oxamic acid, (7) sodium acetate and (8) glucose on pH and shear force in pre-rigor loin eye muscle.
		Effects of marination with (1) calcium chloride, (2) sodium chloride, (3) soduim fluoride, (4) oxamic acid, (5) sodium citrate, (6) iodacetate, (7) sodium acetate and (8) glucose on pH and shear force in pre-rigor flank muscle.
		Although meat marinated with sodium chloride, sodium citrate and sodium fluoride were more tender than the control (8.2, 15.8 and 9.3 pounds versus 17.9 pounds, respectively) they made beef darker.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /beef/report/mp71-29.htm (1372 words)

	[No title]
		Although some sodium carbonate undoubtedly resulted from this procedure, no untoward reactions were encountered in a large series of patients to whom this solution was given intravenously.
		Sodium citrate, 4 or 2.5 percent, in sterile ampules, was also employed in a few instances.
		The sodium administered in excess of that given as sodium chloride was calculated from the quantity present in sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwii/PhysiologicEffetsofWounds/Chapter7.html (1362 words)

	Sportscience Bicarbonate Review
		Sodium citrate is another substance that should enhance performance by buffering the acidity of intense exercise.
		In a review of 29 studies of the effects of ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, Matson and Vu Tran (1993) concluded that the effect on performance varied between athletes, but that the greater the dosage and the shorter the exercise, the more likely that bicarbonate buffering would enhance performance.
		Sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate seem to be effective in improving short-term, high intensity performance.
	www.sportsci.org /traintech/buffer/lrm.htm (1681 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this paper, we studied the interaction of the sodium salt of citrate with aminoacylase which is an important enzyme in metabolism and found sodium citrate can enhance the activity of aminoacylase.
		The initial reaction rates for different concentrations of sodium citrate were obtained, showing that sodium citrate is a non-competitive activator.
		The result of the ANS binding fluorescence measurements for aminoacylase indicated that increasing sodium citrate concentrations markedly increased the ANS binding fluorescence with a blue shift of the emission spectra peak.
	www.bioline.org.br /abstract?id=ts01091 (234 words)

	Home Hemodialysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sodium citrate (citrate) is an anticoagulant with intrinsic antibacterial activity (at 20% concentration or higher).
		Citrate has negligible effects on cellular blood components such as platelets and white cells, and for this reason it is used in blue-topped tubes for collection of blood for complete blood counts.
		Sodium citrate is antibacterial in hypertonic concentrations (such as 10% _ 47%) and slightly acidic (pH 6.5).
	www.multi-med.com /homehemo/0700/main.html (5352 words)

	Phosphorus for Sports & Fitness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The use of alkalinizing agents, such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and phosphate salts (potassium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, and tribasic sodium phosphate) to enhance athletic performance is designed to neutralize the acids produced during exercise that may interfere with energy production or muscle contraction.
		The amounts used are 115 to 180 mg of sodium bicarbonate or 135 to 225 mg of sodium citrate per pound of body weight.
		Sodium citrate may be preferable to sodium bicarbonate because it causes less gastrointestinal upset.
	www.fredmeyer.com /hn/Benefits_Sports/Phosphorus.htm (981 words)

	Sodium citrate cross-linked chitosan films: optimization as substitute for human/rat/rabbit epidermal sheets.
		Sodium acetate (0.1% w/v) or methanol:10 mM citrate buffer (75:25) at flow rates of 0.6 mL/min or 1.0 mL/min were used as mobile phases for 5-FU and INDO, respectively.
		Hence, adjustment of sodium citrate solution to pH 5 can be envisaged to only influence the ionization of sodium citrate unlike in solutions without pH adjustment where both degree of ionization and pH shall change with change in sodium citrate concentration.
		The ionic complexes formed upon cross-linking chitosan with sodium citrate solutions adjusted to pH 5 were found to be resistant to breakdown by phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) that resulted in restricted permeation of both drugs.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS8(1)/A.Tiwary/chitosan.htm (3574 words)

	Ingredients -- Sodium citrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sodium citrate is used in ice cream to keep the fat globules from sticking together.
		As a sequestering agent, sodium citrate attaches to calcium ions in water, keeping them from interfering with detergents and soaps.
		Compounds with similar functions are sodium carbonate, sodium edta, phosphoric acid, pentasodium pentetate, Tetrasodium etidronate.
	sci-toys.com /ingredients/sodium_citrate.html (63 words)

	Sodium Citrate Used to Increase the Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cements for Biomedical Application
		Sodium Citrate Used to Increase the Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cements for Biomedical Applications
		Materials Scientists at the University of Birmingham's School of Dentistry have discovered that by adding sodium citrate to the liquid phase, calcium phosphate cement is more than three times stronger.
		Adding a small amount of sodium citrate which makes the cement particles pack together better, which combined with pressure to help compaction makes a denser cement with fewer pores.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2527 (376 words)

	[No title]
		Sodium citrate includes both trisodium citrate and monosodium citrate which are also known as citric acid trisodium salt and citric acid monosodium salt, respectively.
		Citric acid and sodium citrate are classifiable under 2918.14.0000 and 2918.15.1000 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), respectively.
		Initiation of Antidumping Investigation We have examined the petition on citric acid and sodium citrate from the PRC and have found that it meets the requirements of section 732 of the Act.
	ia.ita.doc.gov /frn/0001frn/00-111f.txt (2300 words)

	MedicineOnline.com Drug Information: Citrates (Systemic)
		Other commonly used names for sodium citrate and citric acid are Albright's solution; modified Shohl's solution.
		Citrates are sometimes used with other medicines to help treat kidney stones that may occur with gout.
		Children—Although there is no specific information comparing use of citrates in children with use in other age groups, these medicines are not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than they do in adults.
	www.medicineonline.com /druginfo/info2/Albrights_solution/Citrates_Systemic (2177 words)

	CBER - NDA #980123, Product Summary Approval - Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate 4% w/v Solution, U.S.P., Haemonetics ...
		The 4% Sodium Citrate is metered by the apheresis machine into the collected whole blood, the plasma is collected into a plasma collection bag and the cellular components are returned to the donor.
		The 4% Sodium Citrate is used in an anticoagulant to whole blood ratio of 1:16.
		The formulation for the 4% Sodium Citrate is in accordance with USP XXIII.
	www.fda.gov /CBER/ndasum/antihae030300S.htm (418 words)

	Your Animal's Health -- with Dr. Wendell O. Belfield
		Most of the warnings that dietary sodium is important in causing or worsening hypertension are based mainly on studies in animals and humans where only (sodium chloride) was used as the source of sodium.
		Replacing supplemental sodium chloride (table salt) with an equal amount of sodium as sodium citrate abolished the increase in blood pressure induced by sodium chloride.
		Sodium Ascorbate is a buffered form of vitamin C and has been administered to dogs and cats for thirty-seven years, in my practice, with no adverse effects.
	www.belfield.com /article12.htm (445 words)

	Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners -- ...
		Thus it is evident that the ingestion of sodium citrate at a
		Effect of sodium citrate on performance and metabolism of human skeletal muscle during supramaximal cycling exercise.
		Sodium citrate ingestion enhances 30 km cycling performance.
	bjsm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/6/485 (3628 words)

	Sodium Citrate - Patient UK
		Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.
		Sodium citrate is available in tablet, granule or powder form.
		If you suspect that you or someone else has taken an overdose of sodium citrate contact your doctor or go to the accident and emergency department of your local hospital.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/30003278 (513 words)

	Sodium citrate: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(citrates such as sodium and calcium citrate are common known as sour salt(sometimes, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Sodium citrate gives club soda club soda quick summary:
		Sodium citrate is common in lemon-lime soft drink soft drink quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/sodium_citrate.htm (527 words)

	[No title]
		If the soil does not change to a gray color after the second treatment and 25 minute heat period, then another source for sodium dithionite should be used.
		Sodium dithionite should be kept in a tightly capped container and stored in a cool, dry place.
		Prepare a standard curve using a diluted-matrix of sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium dithionite (CBD) solution for the ICP standard curve calibration.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~aramin/labprotocols/Cbdproc2.doc (751 words)

	Citric Buffer Calculation (Java) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Java applet that calculates the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate necessary to achieve a buffer at a given pH and strength.
		The molar ratios of citric acid and sodium citrate are given in the Java control panel.
		Using the molecular weights for citric acid (anhydrous: 192.1, monohydrate: 210.1) and sodium citrate dihydrate (294.1) together with the buffer strength, the actual percentages are calculated.
	www.columbia.edu /~scb2001/tools/citric/cit.htm (274 words)

	NEWS RELEASE 00-017; JANUARY 31, 2OOO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The United States International Trade Commission (ITC) today determined that there is no reasonable indication that a U.S. industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of citric acid and sodium citrate from China that are allegedly sold in the United States at less than fair value.
		Sodium citrate is a white, granular or crystalline powder with a pleasant acid taste.
		Both citric acid and sodium citrate are used in the production and formulation of a wide variety of commercial and household products including detergents, foods, metal cleaners, textile finishing treatments, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other industrial applications.
	www.usitc.gov /er/nl2000/ER0131X1.HTM (398 words)

	Citric Buffer Calculation (JavaScript)
		Press the calculate button, and the approximate percentages of anhydrous citric acid and sodium citrate dihydrate will be displayed in %weight/volume.
		The buffer may be made by adding 0.12 g anhydrous citric acid and 0.11 g sodium citrate dihydrate to 100 ml water.
		Using the molecular weights for anhydrous citric acid and sodium citrate dihydrate (the typical lab forms) together with the buffer strength, the actual percentages are calculated.
	members.nuvox.net /~on.jwclymer/cit.html (264 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Citrates (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid (poe-TASS-ee-um SIH-trayt and SIH-trik A-sid)
		Potassium Citrate and Sodium Citrate (poe-TASS-ee-um SIH-trayt and SOE-dee-um SIH-trayt)
		Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid (SOE-dee-um SIH-trayt and SIH-trik A-sid)
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202144.html (2194 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: Effect of sodium citrate ingestion on oxygen debt & exercise endurance during ...
		Effect of sodium citrate ingestion on oxygen debt and exercise endurance during supramaximal exercise
		The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether sodium citrate ingestion enhances supramaximal endurance performance on a cycle ergometer and to assess its effect on oxygen debt incurred for the same supramaximal energy output.
		Methods: Ten untrained, healthy, males performed acute intense bicycle ergometry exercise in two sessions viz-, without (control) and with sodium citrate ingestion (experimental) in a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200307/ai_n9290988 (449 words)

	Nanocolloidal Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sodium citrate is chosen as a mild reducing agent because gold(III) is easy to reduce to gold metal (i.e.
		Remove a 0.5-mL aliquot from your gold nanoparticle solution (use the one made using sodium citrate).
		Add the sodium chloride solution to one of the portions until you see a color change.
	www.chem.wisc.edu /courses/801/Spring00/labs/auexp.html (332 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Inhibitory Effects of Organic Acid Salts on Growth of Clostridium Perfringens from Spore ...
		Technical Abstract: Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by salts of organic acids such as sodium lactate, sodium acetate, buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate was evaluated during continuous chilling of ground turkey.
		The meat was ground, mixed with either sodium lactate (1, 2, 3 or 4%), sodium acetate (1 or 2%), buffered sodium citrate (IonalTM, 1%) or buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate (Ional PlusTM, 1%), in addition to a control that did not contain added antimicrobials.
		Incorporation of sodium lactate (1%), sodium acetate (1%), Ional or Ional Plus (1%) substantially inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores compared to controls.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=141251&pf=1 (489 words)

	sodium citrate - Find, Compare, and Buy at Shopping.com
		Calcium Citrate is a readily digested and absorbed form of Calcium.
		The trace minerals and Vitamin D are added because of their essential role in bone metabolism.* As a dietary supplement, take 2 tablets 1 to 2 times daily, preferably with meals.......
		Support for The Body's Defenses and Reproductive System True Elemental ContentDietary SupplementZinc Citrate, 50 mg, 90 Tablets - Natural FactorsZinc is a trace mineral that is found in virtually every cell of the body and is a component in over 200......
	www.shopping.com /xGS-sodium_citrate (988 words)

	Sodium Citrate - Melbourne Australia
		The primary dietary sources of potassium are: fresh fruit and vegetables, rice bran, unsalted nuts, seeds, grains, mushrooms, molasses and seafood.
		Sodium has a role in controlling the activity of the heart, muscles and nervous system.
		Potassium activates enzymes, is involved in bone calcification, the conversion of blood sugar into the stored glycogen for energy reserves, muscle contraction & coordination.
	www.mfcd.net /depot/PROD/sodcit.asp (149 words)

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