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Topic: Sodium hydride

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	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: POTASSIUM HYDRIDE AND SODIUM HYDRIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sodium hydride and potassium hydride react with the moisture on skin and other tissues to form highly corrosive sodium and potassium hydroxide.
		Sodium hydride and potassium hydride fires must be extinguished with a class D dry chemical extinguisher or by the use of sand, ground limestone, dry clay or graphite, or "Met-L-X®" type solids.
		Sodium hydride and potassium hydride should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with flammable (Chapter 5.F) and highly reactive (Chapter 5.G) substances.
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss74.html (686 words)

	Sodium Hydride (NaH) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The strong basicity of sodium hydride makes it the reagent of choice for a broad variety of alkylation and acylation reactions in which the sodium salt of a suitable substrate is an intermediate in the reaction.
		Sodium hydride dispersed in oil is not a pyrophoric material, but material adhering to covers and side walls of containers may ignite when exposed to humid air.
		Although a homogeneous dispersion of 60% sodium hydride is a safe stable material to handle, oil tends to drain away from the hydride particle on standing resulting in a dispersion on top of the container.
	www.hydridesolutions.com /sodiumhydride.html (388 words)

	Rerefining used lubricating oil with hydride reducing agents - Patent 4439311
		Thus, the hydride reducing agent may be added to a distillation column, for example, separately or mixed with the used lubricating oil that is fed to the distillation column.
		In one embodiment, the hydride reducing agent is present in an aqueous solution with sodium hydroxide and, when fed to a distillation column or evaporation unit, reduces the viscosity of the bottoms while reducing the temperature required to obtain a desired recovery of lubricating oil from the overhead fraction or fractions.
		Most advantageously, the hydride reducing agent is used in combination with a process for rerefining used oil either by evaporation or distillation in which the hydride reducing agent is utilized to remove contaminants, including metal and carbonyl contaminants, from the used oil.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4439311.html (2711 words)

	Sodium
		Sodium occurs widely in nature and is found in the oceans, in salt lakes, and as deposits of solid sodium chloride.
		Sodium cannot be prepared in a laboratory setting due to the Sodium is commercially prepared by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, during which the sodium ion is reduced to sodium and the chloride ion oxidized to elemental chlorine gas.
		Sodium chloride is obtained from the mining of solid sodium chloride and from the evaporation of sea brines.
	www.uncp.edu /home/mcclurem/ptable/na.htm (397 words)

	AllRefer.com - sodium, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		It is used in sodium arc lamps for street lighting; pure or alloyed with potassium, it has found use as a heat-transfer liquid, e.g., in certain nuclear reactors.
		Sodium compounds are found in the tissues of plants and animals.
		Sodium is an essential element in the diet, but some people must limit the amount of sodium in their food for medical reasons.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/sodium.html (443 words)

	Chemical Products Synopsis - Sample Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sodium is a raw material in the produc-tion of tetraethyl lead and tetramethyl lead which are used to formulate anti‑knock additives for motor vehicle gasoline.
		Sodium borohydride is used in pulp bleaching (dithionite bleaching for making high gloss paper) and in brightening recycled newsprint, with smaller volumes used in specialty organic synthesis, chemical purification, and heavy metal recovery.
		Sodium borohydride is used to make sodium dithionite which finds use in the pulp and paper industry as a reductive bleaching agent to bleach newsprint as well as high gloss paper.
	www.mannsvillechemical.com /synopsis/report.html (2035 words)

	Sodium (Na) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Sodium in its metallic form is very important in making esters and in the manufacture of organic compounds.
		Sodium is also a component of sodium chloride (NaCl) a very important compount found everywhere in the living environment.
		Sodium salts are found in seawater (1.05%), salty lakes, alkaline lakes and mineral spring water.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Na-en.htm (716 words)

	The Elements: Sodium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sodium is present in fair abundance in the sun and stars.
		Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the earth's crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member.
		Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and sodium hydride.
	www.cmbi.kun.nl /~ott/elements/sodium.html (424 words)

	Alternative transportation and energy site
		Sodium, for instance, with a melting point of approximately 100 C can be easily melted and allowed to drip from the top of a column of inert gas.
		Sodium hydride, on the other hand, is a white powder and has NO melting point at any temperature at atmospheric pressure.
		Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of paper, paint, textiles, cloth, plastic, petroleum, and cleaning solutions.
	members.tripod.com /~water_engine/powerball.html (4955 words)

	Sodium Boro Hydride
		A new hydrogen fuel transporter, sodium boro-hydride, is now being considered to deliver hydrogen for powering fuel cell vehicles.
		Sodium borohydride is made from borax, a material that is found in substantial natural reserves globally.
		As with other fuels, and hydrogen itself, sodium boro-hydride is still expensive to produce in small quantities and not enough is being produced to allow for economies of scale.
	www.batteriesdigest.com /sodium_boro_hydride.htm (1044 words)

	reduction
		Sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride serve to donate a hydride ion to the polarized carbonyl group.
		Addition of hydride ion followed by addition of a proton from the solvent or during workup of the reaction is the equivalent of the addition of H
		Sodium borohydride is made by the reaction of sodium hydride with the Lewis acid borane.
	people.uis.edu /gtram1/organic/carbonyl/reduction.htm (379 words)

	Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sodium borohydride is a water soluble reductant exhibiting unique properties in organic synthesis.
		Part of the convenience associated with sodium borohydride reductions lies in the fact that, unlike most other complex hydrides, it is not necessary to exclude moisture and atmospheric oxygen from the reaction mixture.
		Powdery sodium boro-hydride (NaBH4) is a white salt whose molecules contain a relatively large amount of hydrogen.
	www.rohmhaas.com /hydride/sodiumborohydride.html (644 words)

	Rio Tinto Borax : Library : Pioneer Magazine
		This yields sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) together with methyl products which can be re-used in the process as methanol, plus some impurities and oils which are removed in a purification process.
		Sodium borohydride is used in the chemicals processing industry to reduce impurities.
		Sodium borohydride enables manufacturers to meet the most stringent effluent limits, and to precipitate metals in their elemental form (rather than metal complexes) for recovery and subsequent industrial re-use.
	www.borax.com /pioneer25.html (924 words)

	NRDC Technology offer -SODIUM METAL
		Sodium metal is the most abundant alkali group metal comprising 2.3 % of the earth’s crust.
		Sodium metal is produced by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride and Barium Chloride at appropriate temperature employing graphite anode and annular steel cathode.
		Sodium metal, formed at the cathode, comes up due to lower density compared to the electrolyte and collects in a steel collector ring kept over the cathode where from the molten metal flows into a receiver through raiser pipe.
	www.nrdcindia.com /pages/sodmetl.htm (455 words)

	Sodium
		Sodium is the sixth most abundapt element on earth, comprising about 2.6 % of the earth's crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member.
		Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide.
		Sodium should be handled with respect as it can be dangerous when improperly handled.
	pte.8k.com /EL011.html (442 words)

	Natrium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The sodium boro-hydride fuel is available in significant supplies, it is non-toxic and nonflammable, and it can be recycled, potentially providing an endless supply of fuel for transportation needs.
		Sodium boro-hydride is safe—it can be handled in dry form.
		In the Chrysler Town and Country Natrium’s fuel cell system, sodium boro- hydride is processed to extract hydrogen, which is combined with oxygen in the fuel cell stacks to produce electricity that drives the vehicle’s electric motor.
	www.uscar.org /Media/2002issue1/p4_natrium.htm (509 words)

	sodium
		Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and esters, and in the preparation of organic compounds.
		Mfr of sodium cmpd, such as cyanide, azide, peroxide, itc; in mfr of tetraethyl lead; in org syntheses; for photoelectric cells; in sodium lamps; allpyed with potassium in heat transfer media.
		Pure metallic sodium burns in air to form sodium oxide which readily takes up water to form sodium hydroxide; combined with chlorine, it forms sodium chloride (common salt), and with nitric acid, it forms sodium nitrate.
	www.speclab.com /elements/sodium.htm (850 words)

	Method of preparing trialkyl-tin hydrides - Patent 5288886
		The preparation of organo-tin hydrides from sodium hydride and alkyl-tin chlorides is described in U.S. Pat.
		In accordance with the method of the present invention, highly stable trialkyl-tin hydrides are prepared by initially reducing bis-[trialkyl-tin]oxide with a stabilized aqueous solution of sodium borohydride in the presence of an inert solvent that mixes slightly with water.
		9.3 g of sodium borohydride in 25 g of water stabilized with 2.2 g of sodium hydroxide are treated with 150 g of tetrahydrofuran stabilized with 0.025% of butylated hydroxytoluene.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5288886.html (2586 words)

	Salt May Kill You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sodium vapor is used in streetlights and produces a brilliant yellow light.
		It tells that roughly 60 percent of body sodium is in the fluids around cells, 10 percent is inside the cells, and about 30 percent is in the bones.
		It explains which sodium compounds are in certain foods; such as Sodium Proprionate; which is used in breads, cakes and pasteurized cheese to avoid the growth of mold.
	www.kn.sbc.com /wired/fil/pages/listsodiumje.html (1603 words)

	The One that Got Away - The Chemistry of Nylon 6 Synthesis
		Sodium hydride is the initiator in this reaction.
		Sodium hydride reacts with caprolactam by extracting the amide hydrogen, to produce the sodium salt, which is much more nucleophilic than the amide.
		In this step, the amide anion produced in the initiation step extracts the amide hydrogen from another molecule of caprolactam, just as the sodium hydride did during initiation.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/faces/teacher/poly/activity/nylon6a.htm (260 words)

	Strong Base - Strong Savings
		Sodium hydroxide is not a strong enough base to perform many of the useful organic base promoted reactions which can be performed using sodium methoxide, t-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide and other strong bases.
		Strong bases such as sodium methoxide, sodium hydride and sodium amide are very moisture sensitive and must be kept dry.
		Sodium methoxide is sometimes purchased as a solution in methanol which is a volatile organic solvent, requiring emission controls.
	www.ptcorganics.com /StrongBase.htm (1554 words)

	United States, General Motors to Boost Hydrogen Storage
		A possible scenario for filling up with a solid-state storage solution such as sodium alanate could look like this: The alanate would come preloaded in the tank, where it would remain, giving up its hydrogen, and becoming a mixture of sodium hydride and aluminum.
		During filling, the mixture of aluminum and sodium hydride would absorb the hydrogen and turn it back into alanate, which would be ready to yield hydrogen when needed by the fuel cell.
		One current drawback is that most complex metal hydrides, such as sodium alanate, still operate at too high a temperature, which causes an inefficiency that forces some of the hydrogen to be used up in order to release the remaining hydrogen.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=January&x=20050110124349lcnirellep0.7088129&t=xarchives/xarchitem.html (1362 words)

	Periodic Table : Scholar edition: sodium : Uses
		The following uses for sodium are gathered from a number of sources as well as from anecdotal comments.
		the metal is used in the manufacture of sodamide, sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and sodium hydride
		sodium vapour is used in lamps for street lighting
	www.webelements.com /webelements/scholar/elements/sodium/uses.html (240 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Sodium
		Although sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth and comprises about 2.6% of the earth's crust, it is a very reactive element and is never found free in nature.
		Pure sodium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807 through the electrolysis of caustic soda (NaOH).
		Sodium is used in the production of titanium, sodamide, sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and sodium hydride.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele011.html (148 words)

	How Not to Do It: Sodium. In the Pipeline:
		Some of them (like sodium hydride) are often sold as a fine powder mixed with mineral oil, which coats everything and keeps it from igniting.
		The related potassium hydride is invariably sold in a hard-to-handle suspension that's mostly oil.
		Sodium chunk safely back in the big bottle, and 20ml of hexane in beaker (where the 5g and 2g of Na had been held prior to reaction) went into the sink (1979!
	www.corante.com /pipeline/archives/2004/05/31/how_not_to_do_it_sodium.php (1416 words)

	Ethers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To a solution of sodium hydride (1.3 eq per -OH) in DMF, the glycoside (dissolved in DMF) is added drop wise at 0° under an inert atmosphere.
		The organic layer is dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo.
		The mixture is extracted with chloroform and the organic layer is washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and water, dried (sodium sulfate), and concentrated in vacuo.
	www.faculty.virginia.edu /mcgarveylab/Carbsyn/Ethers.html (1017 words)

	Town & Country 'Natrium': Fuel Cell Minivan Runs on Clean, Recyclable Fuel
		This unique fuel and fuel cell system gives the Natrium a range of 300 miles, comparable to a gasoline-powered vehicle and significantly longer than any fuel cell vehicle shown to date. In addition, the vehicle has zero emissions -- no greenhouse gas or smog-forming compounds are produced by the vehicle.
		Natrium is the Latin word for sodium. Sodium boro-hydride is safe -- it can be handled in dry form. It is available in large supplies in the U.S., and infrastructure issues are less challenging than with other fuels proposed for fuel cell vehicles.
		After processing, the spent fuel is sodium borate which is chemically identical to borax. The spent fuel can be reprocessed into sodium boro- hydride and reused in a fuel cell vehicle.
	www.theautochannel.com /news/2001/12/12/033442.html?NEWS (560 words)

	Hydrogen Research Database - Record Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Prior to 1996, most of the research on the storage of hydrogen in hydrides was devoted to intermetallic compounds or binary hydrides.
		Studies involving complex hydrides of aluminum reported in the literature have been primarily restricted to sodium aluminum hydride, with a smaller amount of work reported involving lithium aluminum hydride.
		One limitation is the fact that the reversible hydrogen capacity of sodium aluminum hydride falls short of the hydrogen content currently thought required for practical application.
	dbase.fsec.ucf.edu /pls/hr/hr_show_detail?project_id=4 (842 words)

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