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	Sodium vapor lamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp which uses sodium in an excited state to produce light.
		LPS Lamps (Low Pressure Sodium), also known as SOX Lamps (Sodium OXide), consist of an outer vacuum envelope of glass coated with an infrared reflecting layer of indium-tin oxide, a semi-conductor material that allows the visible light wavelengths out and keeps the infrared (heat) back.
		Because of the extremely high chemical activity of the high pressure sodium arc, the arc tube is typically made of translucent aluminum oxide (alumina).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sodium_vapor (398 words)

	Sodium vapor lamp -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		These lamps produce a virtually monochromatic light in the 589 (A state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border) nm (The distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave) wavelength.
		High pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps are smaller and contain some other elements (for example, (A heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures) mercury), produce a dark pink glow when first struck, and produce a pinkish orange light when warmed up.
		Because of the extremely high chemical activity of the high pressure sodium arc, the arc tube is typically made of (additional info and facts about translucent) translucent aluminum oxide ((Any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum) alumina).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/sodium_vapor_lamp.htm (362 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sodium vapor lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Davy lamp is a safety lamp devised in 1815 by Humphry Davy.
		Jump to: navigation, search Metal halide lamps are similar to mercury vapor lamps, but instead of just mercury, they also contain sodium/scandium iodide and sometimes metals in the rare earth period combined with halogens in the halogen group of the periodic table.
		In contrast with all other electrical lamps that use electrical connections through the lamp envelope to transfer electrical power to the lamp, in electrodeless lamps the power needed to generate light is transferred from the outside of the lamp envelope by means of (electro)magnetic fields.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sodium-vapor-lamp (2179 words)

	Re: How do sodium vapor lamps glow?
		When a sodium lamp is energized, the high voltage start-up pulse ionizes the starting gas in the arc tube, and a gas arc is established between the main electrodes.
		Sodium light is strongest in the yellow and orange range of the spectrum and weakest in the blue-green wavelengths.
		Spent sodium lamps contain sufficient mercury to meet the US definition of a hazardous waste, and should always be recycled or disposed of properly.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec97/879297655.Eg.r.html (523 words)

	High-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp - Patent 4795943
		A high-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel, which has over a length L a substantially constant inner diameter and in which electrodes are arranged opposite to each other at a relative distance D. The lamp emits white light during operation and consumes a power of at most 50 watts.
		Lamps of this kind are attractive as substitutes for incandescent lamps because of their a few times longer life, their a few times higher efficiency, their luminius flux corresponding to that of the larger incandescent lamps (about 60-200 W) and because of the fact that their light can be readily concentrated.
		A disadvantage of lamps of this kind is that their efficiency is lower than that of high-pressure sodium lamps emitting yellow light (T.sub.c.apprxeq.1800-2000 K), i.e.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4795943.html (1754 words)

	DOE Building Technologies Program: Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps
		Even though they emit a yellow light, a low-pressure sodium lamp shouldn't be confused with a standard high-pressure sodium lamp—a high-intensity discharge lamp.
		With a CRI of 0, low-pressure sodium lamps are used where color rendition is not important but energy efficiency is. They're commonly used for outdoor, roadway, parking lot, and pathway lighting.
		Low-pressure sodium lamps are preferred around astronomical observatories because the yellow light can be filtered out of the random light surrounding the telescope.
	www.eere.energy.gov /buildings/info/components/lighting/lamps/lowpressure.html (140 words)

	Low pressure sodium-mercury lamp yielding substantially white light - Patent 5637965
		Low pressure sodium lamp color output is shifted from yellow to a fuller spectral range of visible light (white) by effective simultaneous excitation of sodium and a mercury additive.
		The lamp of claim 2 wherein the said wall portion is made from a material selected from the class consisting of quartz and alumina and further comprises a phosphor layer thereon.
		The lamp of claim 3 wherein the arc-containing enclosure is aligned with a transparent outer wall that is also in the path of radiation transmission from the enclosure to outside and the outer wall has a phosphor coating on one of its faces.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5637965.html (4589 words)

	Discharge Lamp Theory and Other Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In a low pressure lamp with mercury or sodium vapor as an active ingredient, the metal vapor is mixed with an inert gas, often neon or argon.
		Mercury lamps, most metal halide lamps, most sodium lamps, and "cool white", "white", and "warm white" fluorescent lamps have a shortage of red and green light in their spectral output.
		For example, sodium's main yellow emission line is at a wavelength slightly shorter than most favored by a typical sodium arc temperature, and high pressure sodium lamps also have significant spectral lines resulting from transitions between elevated electron orbits.
	www.uvlamp.com /TechArt/disch.htm (3862 words)

	Why is lightning colored? (gas excitations)
		In gas excitations it is specific atoms, present as a vapor or a gas, which have their electrons raised into higher energy levels by a variety of excitations; light is then emitted when the excess energy is released as photons.
		Sodium- and mercury-vapor lamps efficiently emit yellow and bright blue, respectively, and are often used in parking lots, where they distort the color of our autos.
		Gas lasers, as in the helium-neon laser, use gas excitations with optical feedback from mirrors at each end of the tube to produce coherent light, in which all the light waves have almost the same frequency and are coherent, that is, in step, both in space and in time.
	webexhibits.org /causesofcolor/4.html (672 words)

	Gas Discharge Lamps, Ballasts, and Fixtures
		Fluorescent lamps are a special class of gas discharge lamps where the electric current produces mostly invisible UV light which is turned into visible light by a special phosphor coating on the interior of the tube.
		Sodium lamp "cycling" used to be very common, but in recent years the lamp manufacturers have been making sodium lamps that are less prone to cycling.
		Projector lamps in general, and especially specialized HID lamps, should be used only in equipment made specifically to use the particular lamps in question, or by those who know about these things well enough to make their own ballasts and know the other messy things about these lamps.
	repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu /sam/dlamp.htm (8158 words)

	Replace outdoor incandescent lighting with HP sodium fixtures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Increased amount of light (amount of light from sodium lamps is four to five times that of incandescent lamps using the same amount of energy).
		Reduces maintenance and replacement costs (rated lamp life of sodium lamps is 18,000 to 24,000 hours versus 1,000 to 2,500 hours for incandescents).
		Failed high pressure sodium lamps must be replaced as quickly as possible, as the electronic starting circuit will continue to pulse in an attempt to start the lamp and eventually destroy itself (Note: special lamps are available that eliminate this problem).
	www.cmhc.ca /en/imquaf/himu/wacon/waensatip/waensatip_015.cfm (345 words)

	Resonance Radiation/Absorption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		All three lamps need to be heated up, which for the sodium takes about ten minutes, and the absorber lamp then turned off so that it is still hot and in a vapor state, but not being excited.
		The emitting lamps need to be shielded from the audience because of the glare, and that can be provided by taping the lamp to a thin piece of plywood as long as and slightly wider than the lamp itself.
		The back scattering from the absorbing sodium lamp is much stronger than the forward, so bringing in the radiant lamp from the front as shown in the diagram, is the best way to go.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~scdiroff/lds/QuantumRelativity/ResonanceRadiationAbsorption/ResonanceRadiationAbsorption.html (381 words)

	Indoor Gardening - Lighting
		Fluorescent lamps are good for starting seedlings and rooting cuttings, but do not have enough intensity to sustain aggressive growth in plants in the later stages of life, and are not efficient enough in their conversion of electrical power to lumens of light output.
		Halogen lamps are high pressure incandescent lamps containing halogen gases such as iodine or bromine which allow the filaments to be operated at higher temperatures and higher efficacies.
		However, halogen lamps are not effective or efficient as grow lights due to their limited spectrum and high operating temperatures.
	www.gardening-indoor.com /lighting.htm (1857 words)

	Hydrogen-Like Atoms:Sodium
		The sodium spectrum is dominated by the bright doublet known as the Sodium D-lines at 588.9950 and 589.5924 nanometers.
		The standard explanation is that the electric current excites the sodium ions, producing light similar to that of a sodium lamp.
		The sodium 3s level is significantly lower than the 3p because of greater penetration past the shielding of the 1s electron.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/sodium.html (318 words)

	Sodium Vapor Lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		If you are going to use the lamp more than once during the day, leave it on.
		Lamp wear results more from turning the light source on and off than from steady operation.
		Sodium vapor lamp was new in the thirties, Mercury has UV, reference for constructing other glass lamps: Rev.Sci.Inst.,3,7,1932.
	demoroom.physics.ncsu.edu /html/demos/514.html (125 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by a high pressure sodium lamp having an evacuated glass envelope with a plurality of electrically conductive support members therein and extending therethrough.
		The high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 3 wherein said lamp has a power consumption of 400 watts and said arc tube has an internal diameter of 6.
		The high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 3 wherein said lamp has a power consumption of 150 watts and said arc tube has an internal diameter of 5.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/54156.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1277 words)

	HID Lamp Electrical Properties for Homebrew Ballast Builders and Experimenters
		High pressure sodium lamps can take an amazing amount of overwattage (like 3 times rated wattage) and survive at least short term (usually hours if the ballast provides enough voltage), but exceeding rated wattage by more than 15 percent is not recommended.
		High pressure sodium lamps can take even more, at least 3 and usually 4 times the ratio of nominal wattage to nominal arc voltage during warmup (in my experience) as long as rated wattage is not exceeded by more than 15 percent.
		Note that mercury retrofit sodium lamps will be overpowered when their voltage is high if the ballast is a CW or CWA type or other type with a capacitor in series with the lamp, or with almost any metal halide ballast.
	members.misty.com /don/hidexp.html (1817 words)

	ParSouce
		While excellent for home lighting and similar applications, halogen lamps are not effective or efficient as grow lights due to their limited spectrum and high operating temperatures.
		Incandescent lamps are the most familiar type of light source, with countless application in homes, stores and other commercial settings.
		Incandescent lamps are totally ineffective as grow lights; they have very limited spectrum, are very inefficient in their conversion of electrical power to lumens of light output (lumen-to-watt ratio).
	www.growlights.com /glossary.html (1883 words)

	Zeeman Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With no magnetic field, the sodium flame aborbs light from the sodium lamp and the image on the screen is of a dark flame in the yellow background from the lamp.
		Sodium flame is produced by salt on rim of propane torch, or salt chunks inside rim.
		Set variac to minimum voltage necessary for sodium lamp (~ 50 V) to reduce line-broadening.
	www.oberlin.edu /physics/catalog/demonstrations/modern/zeeman.html (130 words)

	Some Bits of Technical Info on Discharge Lamps
		If a hot-cathode lamp is underpowered, the cathode is not as able to emit electrons by the thermionic process, and significant cold-cathode arc process may occur.
		Because of this, it is generally advised to start fluorescent and HID lamps as infrequently as practical and to neither overpower nor underpower them.
		The glow lamp in the starter may be hard to ionize at normal line voltage.
	members.misty.com /don/dschtech.html (4349 words)

	400 watt VENTURE High Pressure Sodium lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This Venture High Pressure Sodium lamp was chosen to be a grow lamp because its light spectrum is conducive to plant growth.
		It is the only lamp offered by Venture in this wattage and was the industry standard HPS plant lamp for 30 years.
		Those growing areas using HPS lamps exclusively in the bloom stages of growth may experience adverse vertical stretching and blooms located only at the top of the plant.
	www.storesonline.com /site/685917/product/SL20V (362 words)

	N2-04.HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		DESCRIPTION: A low-pressure sodium lamp is used to project the line spectrum of sodium.
		The advantage is that because it operates at a lower temperature it shows that the yellow light from a sodium lamp has a single yellow component.
		The light is defined by a slit, which is imaged on a distant screen after the light passes through the diffraction grating.
	www.physics.umd.edu /lecdem/services/demos/demosn2/n2-04.htm (117 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: Kurt Schmidt and William Louden
		Lighting inventors had known for years how to improve the color output of a sodium lamp: raise the sodium's pressure.
		Sodium is very corrosive however, and attempts to build a lamp that could contain higher pressures failed until the development of a new ceramic material in the 1950s.
		as it was named by General Electric, made a high-pressure sodium lamp feasible.
	americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/bios/kswl.htm (348 words)

	Lighting A Revolution: High Pressure Sodium Lamp Drawing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Development of this discharge lamp waited on the invention of a material which sodium would not corrode.
		Since the invention of this lamp in the 1960s, many seal styles have been developed as techniques for working these unusual materials have advanced.
		In the 1970s a clear alumina material was invented by Corning Glass and used in some lamps made by Westinghouse.
	americanhistory.si.edu /lighting/tech/hps.htm (113 words)

	Light, Light Bulbs, Emergency Lighting, Ballast, Philips Lighting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Philips Retrolux* 150W BT-28 High Pressure Sodium Lamp for Replacing a 175W Metal Halide or Mercury Vapor Lamp using Existing Socket and Ballast.
		Philips Retrolux* 220W BT-28 High Pressure Sodium Lamp for Replacing a 250W Metal Halide or Mercury Vapor Lamp using Existing Socket and Ballast.
		Fluorescent lamp recycling and ballast recycling services are available for disposal of lamps and ballasts that contain mercury.
	www.bulbs.com /products/product.asp?page=products&class=644 (519 words)

	3R Lighting/Tutorial: Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium Grow Light
		Now, another word of caution, it is not uncommon for some people to put the wrong lamp in either the wrong type of fixture or the wrong wattage fixture.
		Replacement lamps are not inexpensive and some folks think very short term.
		Sometimes the wrong lamp will work for a while, but soon the lamp gets eaten up and long term the components inside the fixture will fail.
	www.3rlighting.com /tutorial/growlight/MH2.html (242 words)

	Photo Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The interference fringes were made visible with a sodium lamp.
		Photographed with a Cannon EOS Rebal camera with ASA 800 color film, f-number 5.6, and 1/350 sec.
		A large section of the film was made visible with a sodium lamp and a large white sheet of paper.
	www.calpoly.edu /~gpellegr/soapfilms/gallery.htm (359 words)

	3RLightingWEST: Hydroponic Lamps
		The bulbs in HID lighting are usually called "lamps".
		A Metal Halide Lamp will only burn in a Metal Halide System with a Metal Halide ballast.
		A High Pressure Sodium Lamp will only burn in a High Pressure Sodium System with a High Pressure Sodium Ballast.
	www.3rlighting.com /html/3rlightingwest007.htm (180 words)

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