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Topic: Sodium Pentothal

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	Pentothal Indications, Dosage, Storage, Stability - Thiopental Sodium - RxList Monographs
		When Pentothal (Thiopental Sodium for Injection, USP) is used as the sole anesthetic agent, the desired level of anesthesia can be maintained by injection of small repeated doses as needed or by using a continuous intravenous drip in a 0.2% or 0.4% concentration.
		Pentothal should be considered to have the same potential for producing respiratory depression as an inhalation agent, and patency of the airway must be protected at all times.
		The diluent in Pentothal Ready-to-Mix Syringes is supplied in a separate container to permit mixing with the Pentothal in a powder vial to permit immediate intravenous injection of reconstituted solution into a vein or attachment to a standard stopcock assembly.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/thiopental_ids.htm (2118 words)

	Manipulation under Anesthesia: Neurological Effects of Different Modes of Anesthesia \| Brad McKechnie, DC, DACAN
		Sodium Pentothal produces induction of anesthesia within 60 seconds of administration, reflecting its rapidity of central nervous system penetration.
		Sodium Pentothal's liver clearance rate is from 15-20 percent per hour.
		Versed has effects similar to those of sodium Pentothal with the exception that the memory loss for events occurring during the procedure is greater than with sodium Pentothal.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/10/08/02.html (675 words)

	Erowid Psychoactive Vaults
		---------------------------------------------------------------------------- >[Sodium pentothal stuff] > >I think there is some overlap with the old practice of using ethyl ether to >aid in obtaining psychodynamic 'catharsis,' which may or may not >relate to actual events in the patients personal history, >and overlap with some aspects of the use of hypnosis for similar purposes.
		The beeb noted that sodium pentathol was a potent tranquilizer and not a so-called "truth-serum", but added that perhaps it would render them both comatose and then they'd just shut up, which is appealing.
		Sodium pentothal is the most commonly used induction agent for general anesthesia.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/other/sodium_pentothol_info1.shtml (1827 words)

	H e a r t l a n d S c i e n c e - - The Ohio Academy of Science -
		Sodium Pentothal is the trade name that Abbott Laboratories decided to use in selling thiopental sodium.
		Sodium Pentothal is also used as a radioprotective drug, to help prevent tissue damage in patients undergoing radiation treatment for cancer and in individuals who encounter radiation for other reasons.
		Sodium Pentothal got the name, Truth Serum, because patients under its influence – and guided by a skillful psychiatrist – lose some inhibitions and may talk freely about topics they might never otherwise discuss.
	www.heartlandscience.org /medhs/anesthesia.htm (658 words)

	What is Truth Serum?
		Sodium Pentothal is a yellow crystal, which can be dissolved in water or alcohol.
		Sodium Pentothal is commonly used as an anesthetic during surgery.
		Sodium Pentothal is a radioprotective agent, which minimizes the effect of radiation.
	www.psicologia.freeservers.com /diversos/soro_verdade.html (642 words)

	Pentothal Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Thiopental Sodium - RxList Monographs
		Pentothal (Thiopental Sodium for Injection, USP) is a thiobarbiturate, the sulfur analogue of sodium pentobarbital.
		The drug is a yellowish, hygroscopic powder, stabilized with anhydrous sodium carbonate as a buffer (60 mg/g of thiopental sodium).
		Sodium chloride is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline compound freely soluble in water.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/thiopental.htm (316 words)

	Chemistry Is In The News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sodium Pentothal is a barbituate, a substance which helps channels in the neurotransmitters stay open longer and when gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) flows through, personal inhibitions fall away.
		Sodium pentothal is formed by combining a complex ester and thiourea in a two step process.
		Sodium pentothal was discovered in 1936 in Chicago by Abbott Laboratories' researchers Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern.
	www.missouri.edu /~chemrg/216f01/group_6_project.html (407 words)

	Sodium thiopental Summary
		Sodium thiopental also called Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal is a rapid-onset, short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic.
		Sodium Thiopental, or Pentothal, was discovered by Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern in 1936.
		Pentothal is a yellow crystal that dissolves in water.
	www.bookrags.com /Sodium_thiopental (2337 words)

	Jim Garrison investigation: John F. Kennedy assassination: Clay Shaw preliminary hearing testimony
		I think, to really convince that the test was a good one was the fact that after we discontinued the Pentothal and he was placed on oxygen to wake him up, after he was fully recovered from the effects of the drug, sodium Pentothal, he blurted out to Mr.
		I realize that, Your Honor, but the reliability of sodium Pentothal in a court of law has not been established nor accepted, and here we are indirectly trying to get testimony into this record as to the result of a sodium Pentothal test.
		The effect of sodium Pentothal is that it removes any mental blocks that an individual may have, and it permits them to recall or regress and it can recount certain instances that they have relived, they have to experience these instances in able to recall them.
	www.jfk-online.com /pre22chetta.html (3349 words)

	10/17/2005 - State Supreme Court Upholds Tennessee’s Lethal Injection ‘Protocol’ - Breaking News - Chattanoogan.com
		Levy testified that sodium Pentothal, Pavulon, and sodium chloride have well-known effects: sodium Pentothal is an ultra-fast acting barbiturate that is used in general anesthesia; Pavulon is a neuromuscular blocking agent that prevents nerve impulses from contracting muscles; and potassium chloride is normally used to increase a patient’s potassium level.
		Dr. Levy testified, for instance, that the cause of Coe’s death was an “acute intoxication” by sodium Pentothal, Pavulon, and potassium chloride.
		As a result, sodium Pentothal may only be dispensed by written prescription or by a practitioner directly to the user of the controlled substance.
	www.chattanoogan.com /articles/article_74340.asp (8280 words)

	Polite Dissent » Lois Lane Friday: Superman’s Girlfriend Lois Lane #80: comics, medicine, and medical comics
		Sodium pentothal (also known as sodium thiopental, thiopentone sodium, and trapanal) is an extremely fast-acting injectable anesthetic.
		In lower doses, sodium pentothal has a reputation for being a “truth serum.” The idea is that the drug interferes with a person’s judgment and lowers their inhibitions, leaving them open for questioning.
		The use of sodium pentothal in questioning is against both federal law and the Geneva Convention.
	politedissent.com /archives/944 (1253 words)

	Newhouse B1
		He said he did not consider use of sodium pentothal or similar drugs to be torture, but cautioned that information obtained should be used solely to disrupt or prevent terrorist attacks and never as evidence for prosecution in criminal trials.
		Some experts doubt whether sodium pentothal would be an effective or reliable means of prying secrets from an obstinate prisoner.
		He said the government should establish safeguards and controls for the use of sodium pentothal, taking into account the technical and moral issues involved, as well as international and domestic legal ramifications.
	www.newhousenews.com /archive/story1b042602.html (571 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Pentothal, which is actually Abbott Labs' brand name for "5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid" or thiopental sodium, acts so quickly that the patient is spared much of the early discomfort associated with the administration of general anesthetics, which are meant to eliminate pain sensation throughout the entire body during surgery.
		Pentothal, the first general anesthetic to be widely used intravenously, was immediately successful and spawned an entirely new family of "short-acting" barbituate drugs (which now includes Brevital and Surital).
		It was recognized as a "radioprotective drug" that could help prevent tissue damage in patients receiving radiation treatment for cancer; it was also used in the 1940s for narcotherapy treatment, a type of hypnosis-like therapy that psychiatrists believed helped patients reveal repressed memories.
	web.mit.edu /INVENT/iow/volwiler_tabern.html (647 words)

	Barbiturate
		The most important member of this class is sodium pentothal, which is used as an intravenous anesthetic from which recovery is rapid and which has the advantage of having very little or no side effects.
		Barbiturates, particularly sodium pentothal, also have interesting applications in the field of psychology, since they can provide access to levels of consciousness not normally attainable except in dreams or trances.
		This has earned sodium pentothal the nickname of a 'truth serum', even though in actuality it is neither a serum, nor does it guarantee the truth.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /rzepa/mim/drugs/html/barbiturate_text.htm (716 words)

	Last-minute ethical issues delay US execution - health - 22 February 2006 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When they refused, US district judge Jeremy Fogel ruled that only the drug sodium pentothal should be used to kill him.
		This involves giving sodium pentothal for anaesthesia then pancuronium bromide to relax muscles and potassium chloride to stop the heart.
		Koniaris suggested that 43 of the 49 executed prisoners in his study had lower levels of sodium thiopental than would be required during typical hospital surgery, and that 21 subjects might have been conscious — but unable to move due to the injection of muscle relaxant — when potassium chloride was injected.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/health/dn8762.html (629 words)

	Execution Methods Report: Methods By State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most commonly used drugs for the lethal injection procedure are sodium pentothal (puts the inmate to sleep); second, pancurium bromide (stops respiration); and, third, potassium chloride (stops the heart).
		Drugs used will be three drugs: sodium pentothal, saline solution, followed by pancuronium bromide "Pavulon," saline solution, and then followed by potassium chloride.
		A catheter is inserted into each arm with IV attached in which three drugs are administered in sequential order: sodium pentothal, saline solution, pancuronium bromide, saline solution, potassium chloride.
	www.fcc.state.fl.us /fcc/reports/methods/emstates.html (6064 words)

	USATODAY.com - Ex-CIA chief revitalizes 'truth serum' debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is a barbiturate called thiopental sodium, better known as Sodium Pentothal, a trademark of Abbott Laboratories.
		Sodium Pentothal is used as a sedative and as an anesthetic during surgery.
		Whether administering Sodium Pentothal constitutes torture is an open question.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2002/04/26/torture.htm (1174 words)

	Truth drug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A truth drug (or truth serum) is a drug used for the purposes of obtaining accurate information from an unwilling subject, most often by a police, intelligence, or military organization on a prisoner.
		Drugs used for this purpose have included ethanol, scopolamine, and the anaesthetic induction agent sodium thiopental (more commonly known as sodium pentothal)—all sedatives that interfere particularly with judgment and higher cognitive function.
		Subjects experienced with other hallucinogenic drugs reported similarity of effects of sodium amytal to that of LSD or psilocybin, but for a 20 minute period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Truth_drug (336 words)

	Damn Interesting » The Truth About Truth Serum
		Sodium Pentothal is a drug which is commonly used in operating rooms as general anesthesia, though in recent years it has been largely replaced by better alternatives.
		As an aside, Sodium Pentothal is good for one other purpose besides extracting pseudo-truth and knocking out surgery patients: it is a a radioprotective agent, which minimizes the damaging effect of radiation on the body.
		Sunshine is like Chernobyl, and since sodium pentothal apparently has a similar effect as alcohol, we should all now go to the beach have some daiquiris.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=223 (2981 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Montana Lawsuit Seeks Scrutiny of Lethal Injection Protocols
		The petition refers to the types of drugs administered -- sodium pentothal, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride -- and how those drugs are administered.
		If the drugs work as claimed, sodium pentothal anesthetizes the prisoner, pancuronium bromide paralyzes the lungs and body, and potassium chloride causes muscle cramping and a fatal heart attack.
		However, the petition alleges sodium pentothal is a short-acting anesthetic.
	www.aclu.org /capital/general/26125prs20060711.html (467 words)

	STATE POSTPONES MORALES EXECUTION / Judge's new order: Officials refuse to revise method of lethal injection (via ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The state then proposed to execute Morales with a massive dose of the barbiturate sodium pentothal, which officials said would render him unconscious quickly and kill him within 30 to 45 minutes.
		Sodium pentothal is administered under that procedure to render a prisoner unconscious, and two other drugs paralyze his muscles and stop his heart.
		Fogel's order Tuesday was unprecedented in two respects: It would have allowed execution with just sodium pentothal, something that has never been tried, and it would have required that the executioner be in the death chamber with Morales.
	sfgate.com.cob-web.org:8888 /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/02/22/MNGSUHCJFB1.DTL (1459 words)

	[No title]
		After a few minor questions such as: what was his name, where does he live, where does he work and did he know other individuals, I got into the main stream of questioning My first question pertained to his relationship with AL LANDRY.
		My last question to RUSSO was something to this effect, "Is all that you are telling us true and to the best of your knowledge?" He said, "Yes, it is, as much as I can remember".
		Chetta then informed us that he had been under sodium pento- thal for over a half-hour and the administration of sodium pentothal was concluded at 4:10 p.m.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /russo3.txt (1413 words)

	determine drug absorption by pKa
		The pKa of sodium pentothal is 7.4 and it is acidic.
		None of the sodium pentothal is ionized in the stomach.
		For example, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl are both ionized.
	www.manuelsweb.com /pka.htm (362 words)

	You want the truth? You can't handle the truth! \| Ask MetaFilter
		I was given Valium and Sodium Pentothal when I had my wisdom teeth taken out.
		Sodium thiopental (generic), otherwise known as Penthothal (brand name), is a barbiturate.
		Pentothal, in particular, was used to induce short-term (15 minutes or less) anesthetic and hypnotic states without analgesia.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/45160 (1253 words)

	Posts tagged with sodium \| Ask MetaFilter
		Across the table was Herr Doktor with a menacing look behind his small circular glasses.
		He was filling a syringe when he said "Von dose of zee Sodium Pentothal and ve vill know zee truth!" "Sodium Pentothal?" I thought to myself, what the hell is that?
		I've read repeatedly that Diet Coke and other diet soft drinks have both sodium - which makes the body retain water - as well as caffeine - which acts as a mild diuretic.
	ask.metafilter.com /tags/sodium (175 words)

	The Role of Neutral Endopeptidase in Dogs With Evolving Congestive Heart Failure -- Margulies et al. 91 (7): 2036 -- ...
		sodium retention occurred as a result of increased tubular sodium reabsorption.
		Hemodynamically induced natriuresis in the presence of sodium retention resulting from constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava.
		Renal sympathetic nerve activity in sodium retention of acute caval constriction.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/91/7/2036 (4397 words)

	Perry Russo's Testimony Elicited by Drugs and Hypnosis
		When it was revealed that Sodium Pentothal had been used on Russo, several mental health professionals spoke up.
		Under the influence of Sodium Pentothal, subjects may give highly fictional accounts of past events and describe incidents that never happened.
		The drug is not a "truth serum." Its action on recall is profoundly influenced by the stress of the situation in which it is administered and the relationship between the subject and his questioners.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /hypnosis.htm (3806 words)

	todaysthv.com - KTHV Little Rock - Print Full Story
		The first, sodium pentothal, causes the inmate to lose consciousness.
		Wright a longtime death penalty opponent says the sodium pentothal dose is not enough and that many times inmates remain conscious and endures severe pain until the end.
		But the state attorney general's office says the dosage is similar or identical to the other states that administer lethal injections, and none have ever been found unconstitutional.
	www.todaysthv.com /printfullstory.aspx?storyid=30925 (318 words)

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