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Topic: Sodium polyacrylate

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sodium hydroxide

sodium carbonate

sodium bicarbonate

sodium nitrate

sodium hypochlorite

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

sodium cyanide

sodium sulfate

Sodium thiopental

potassium sodium tartrate

sodium silicate

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In contrast, anionic SAP's which are sodium polyacrylate, tend to lose their ability to absorb large quantities of water in a cyclic wet/dry environment because of exchange of cations from the surrounding soil, particularly from clay soils.
		Sodium polyacrylate gel offers potential for use in horticultural end uses, provided that the tendency of sodium polyacrylate to inhibit plant growth or be toxic to plants can be reduced.
		The polyacrylate of Claim 2, in which the polyacrylate is obtained from a sodium polyacrylate by exchange of said sodium cation with a divalent cation.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/49252.981105&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3940 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is the crystaline substance found in disposable diapers?"
		Sodium polyacrylate is an amazing water absorber -- it can absorb 200 to 300 times its weight in tap water (even more if the water is distilled) and hold it in a gooey gel.
		Sodium polyacrylate is a polymer, meaning that it consists of chains of identical units (monomers).
		Plant Gel - The other common use for sodium polyacrylate is as a water-retaining gel in houseplants.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question207.htm (222 words)

	superabsorbers
		Sodium polyacrylate is nicknamed the "super slurper" because of its ability to absorb as much as 400-800 times its mass in water.
		Sodium polyacrylate is termed a hydrophyllic or "water-loving" polymer because of its great affinity for water.
		Sodium polyacrylate is considered to be non-toxic, but inhalation of airborne particles of the powder or contact with the eye can have some serious adverse reactions.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Cockpit/8107/superabsorbe.html (1200 words)

	Dirty Diapers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All materials containing sodium polyacrylate should be disposed by placing them in a sealed plastic container, such as a ziploc bag, and placed in the trash.
		The amount of sodium polyacrylate in the container, about 1/2 gram, is about 1/8th of the amount in one medium sized disposable diaper.
		Sodium polyacrylate can be ordered from scientific supply houses, or it can be obtained from tearing up a disposable diaper.
	www.ncsu.edu:8010 /ncsu/pams/science_house/CO2/activities/polymer/diaper.html (1089 words)

	CCHS -- Polymer Chemistry and "Diapers"
		Sodium polyacrylate is a chemical that consists of very long carbon chains that are bonded together with sodium atoms found in the center of the molecule.
		When a water molecule approaches a sodium polyacrylate molecule it is "drawn" to the center of the molecule where all the sodium atoms are found.
		Since there are now salts on the "outside" of the sodium polyacrylate molecule, it will not be necessary for the sodium polyacrylate to absorb as much water as before in order to "balance" the salt on the inside and outside of the molecule.
	www.iserv.net /~chargers/chem/seccpolymer.htm (628 words)

	Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 173 SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
		(2) Sodium polyacrylate-acrylamide resin is produced by the polymerization and subsequent hydrolysis of acrylonitrile in a sodium silicate-sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, with the greater part of the polymer being composed of acrylate units.
		Sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene Not to exceed 0.2 percent in sulfonates (mol.
		The additive is produced by mixing an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite with any GRAS acid to achieve a pH in the range of 2.5 to 2.9 and diluting this solution with water to achieve an actual use concentration of 40 to 50 parts per million (ppm) sodium chlorite.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/FCF173.html (10844 words)

	Carbonate leach uranium ore processing with sodium polyacrylate flocculant - Patent 4024216 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Under the present invention the flocculant is sodium polyacrylate which is soluble in the carbonate solution delivered to the primary filter, soluble in the recarbonated barren solution delivered to the secondary filter and soluble in the pond water employed as a wash at the tertiary filter.
		The nominal molecular weight of sodium polyacrylate employed under the present invention is preferably 11 to 15 million, but the useable range is deemed to be 1 to 24 million.
		The sodium polyarylate solution is preferably fed to the conduit which feeds the slurry to the launder, and is not fed to the filter drum since agitation inside the filter is insufficient to thoroughly mix the polymer.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4024216.html (1899 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Osmosis occurred with the powdered sodium polyacrylate in this beaker.
		Sodium polyacrylate, is a powder that contains a high number of sodium ions.
		Water is highly attracted to sodium ion, so when the water was poured into the beaker it moved directly into the powder and expanded the polymer to become a solid.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/demos/chemhangingwater.htm (408 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the sodium polyacrylate is immersed in water, there is a higher concentration of water outside the polymer.
		In tap water, the sodium polyacrylate reaches equilibrium with less water than when it is in distilled water.” Based on this explanation, as the salinity of the solution increased, the osmotic pressure moving water into the sodium polyacrylate decreased because the concentration of salt inside and outside the sodium polyacrylate was more nearly equal.
		One was the rough nature of the tear sheet used in the weighing of the salt and sodium polyacrylate.
	www.unm.edu /~jbrink/science/Sodium_Polyacrylate_Lab_Write_Up.doc (790 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		sodium polyacrylate (This same experiment may be performed by using the stuffing found in the seat of baby diapers as a replacement for the pure chemical)
		The white powder is a polymer of sodium polyacrylate.
		So when the water is poured into the beaker containing the sodium polyacrylate, it moves into the individual powder particles and expands the polymer particles to become a solid like gel.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/demos/solidwater.htm (439 words)

	Untitled
		Sodium polyacrylate powder is a super absorbent polymer, meaning that it consists of chains of identical units known as monomers.
		When water approaches the sodium polyacrylate molecule, it is drawn to the center of the molecule by osmosis.
		Sodium polyacrylate is a linear anion polymer with a high molecular weight, and is highly soluble in water.
	www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us /McConnellMS/custar/research_webpages/Web_Page_Folders_Morning_Class/pschwab_research/pschwab_index.htm (387 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Figure 2: Sodium Polyacrylate Calibration Curve The conductance of Sodium Polyacrylate was found to be {3.0319[Concentration]+0.0729} with an R2 value of 0.9987 for EC Meter 1 and {2.6697[Concentration]+0.0581} with an R2 value of 0.9989 for EC Meter 2.
		Polyacrylate ion was impermeable to the membrane, while sodium, potassium, and chloride ions were permeable to the membrane.
		The approximate concentration of sodium polyacrylate initially used was 0.00196 M, and based on Table 1, the Na+ concentration on the sodium polyacrylate side before dialysis was 0.08412 M. Therefore, approximately 42.9 sodium ions (0.08412/0.00196) dissociated per polymer molecule.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /courses/belab/LabProjects/2002/be309f02m2p2.doc (4135 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, addition of sodium polyacrylate does not improve, and in most instances, exacerbates the hard-settling condition when the slurry composition is recirculated during the polishing operation.
		Polyacrylate [0015] The slurry composition preferably comprises one or more polyacrylates in an amount within the range of from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the total solids (e.
		The aqueous slurry composition according to claim 3 wherein the polysaccharide-containing agent that retards hard settling is sodium alginate and wherein the aqueous slurry composition further comprises a calcium salt.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/106455.041209&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3224 words)

	Zero phosphate warewashing detergent composition - Patent 4846993
		The preferred form, which is the most cost-effective, is commercially available sodium hydroxide, which can be obtained in aqueous solutions at a concentration of about 50 wt-% and in a variety of solid forms of varying particle sizes.
		The preferred vinyl polymer is sodium polyacrylate, and the preferred organic phosphonate is 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
		Polyacrylic -- -- -- -- -- 5.00 acid (50%) 14.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4846993.html (4826 words)

	NASAexplores 5-8 Lesson: (Teacher Sheets)
		To dissect a disposable diaper to determine the absorption capabilities of sodium polyacrylate.
		The super absorbent material in disposable diapers (sodium polyacrylate) is nontoxic, but it should be handled with care.
		A chemical absorbent called sodium polyacrylate is an amazing absorber that was first used to keep astronauts dry during space flights and space walks.
	nasaexplores.com /show_58_teacher_st.php?id=030102110002 (310 words)

	Other Than That, What's in a Diaper? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The gritty material [sodium polyacrylate] is the active ingredient for the activity.
		The surface of the polyacrylate grains is a permeable membrane with a high concentration of sodium ions on the inside.
		Since the concentration of sodium is high inside and low outside, and since the sodium cannot pass through to reduce the sodium concentration inside, water will migrate through the membrane, effectively diluting the concentration.
	www.mtsu.edu /~pdlee/new_sci442/less_matl/chemistry/chem_waterlock.html (502 words)

	Cloth Diapering
		Sodium polyacrylate is the chemical that makes disposable diapers so super absorbent.
		Sodium polyacrylate is the same chemical that was banned from tampons in the 1980's due to its link to toxic shock syndrome.
		Also, disposable diapers have been linked to a rise in asthma and allergies, and sodium polyacrylate is the suspected culprit.
	home1.gte.net /vze21bsw/id9.html (1129 words)

	Re: What is sodium polyacrylate and when was it invented?
		The polymer itself is the anion, and the counterion is sodium ion (Na+).
		The negatively charged groups are thus fixed on the chain, the sodium ions are attracted by electrostatic forces, but relatively mobile.
		The result is sodium polyacrylate precipitated on the fibers.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/mar99/921040790.Ch.r.html (419 words)

	Something Special in a Baby's Diaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sodium polyacrylate is a polymer containing many acrylate monomers connected end-to-end in a large chain.
		This means that anywhere from 50–70% of the COOH acid groups (figure) have been converted to their corresponding sodium salts.
		The driving force for the osmotic pressure is the higher concentration of sodium ions in the beads than in the outside water.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/feature_ent.html?id=9deb0f668acb11d6f36b6ed9fe800100 (576 words)

	Disposable diaper to collect urine samples from young children for pyrethroid pesticide studies
		The polyacrylate absorbents used in diapers are a family of polymers that have extraordinary absorbency.
		When hydrated, the sodium ion detaches so that the carboxyl groups become negatively charged and repel one another to uncoil the polymer chain to allow more water to associate with more carboxyl groups or sodium atoms.
		After allowing 30 min for the fortified urine to combine with the polyacrylate gel of the diapers, the absorbent pads were cut from the diapers and each placed in a flask.
	www.nature.com /jea/journal/v14/n5/full/7500334a.html (3860 words)

	The Polymer Show Script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since the sodium ions have a positive one charge, they are only able to bind to one protein molecule at a time.
		Sodium Polyacrylate is a polymer that has a membrane which is permeable.
		Sodium polyacrylate is also used in potting soil, batteries and as a fuel filtration material to remove moisture from car and jet fuels.
	chem.ps.uci.edu /~jsnowick/outreach/Scripts/polymerscript.html (2914 words)

	TRB 5:1 - Activity 5: Mixing Colors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Place a small amount of sodium polyacrylate* powder in the bottom of a small paper cup.
		Show the class some sodium polyacrylate powder and explain its special property of being able to adsorb nearly 800 times its weight in water.
		Sodium polyacrylate* is an essentially harmless substance that was developed by NASA to use in astronaut diapers.
	www.uen.org /Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=2687 (1082 words)

	Where's the Water?
		Sodium polyacrylate is a polymer, meaning that it consists of chains of identical units, known as monomers.
		In addition to its use in disposable diapers, sodium polyacrylate, have many uses.
		Be careful, and minimize exposure to sodium polyacrylate.
	nobel.scas.bcit.ca /debeck_pt/science/diaperAbsorber/diaper_p1.htm (733 words)

	Sodium Polyacrylate Limits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They should know the conditions for regenerating the polymer, and how reversible the water absorption is. Vince Calder ==================================================================== Sodium polyacrylate, like the stuff used in baby diapers, can hold on to a lot of water.
		But if you look at the chemical structure of each repeating segment of polyacrylate, there is really only a limited number of water molecules that can form a hydrogen bonding intermolecular force with that segment of polyacrylate.
		The last bits of water, the ones that are actually chemisorbed to the polyacrylate will be harder to remove, but a good vacuum oven will do the trick.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03537.htm (256 words)

	A Science Odyssey: Resources: Educator's Guide: Technology
		Caution: Sodium polyacrylate is nontoxic, but should be handled with care.
		Explain that the granules are a superabsorbent polymer called sodium polyacrylate.
		In a second beaker mix 1 g sodium polyacrylate with 200 ml distilled water.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/resources/guide/techact4index.html (440 words)

	COMP 237 - Computation of titration curves for sodium polyacrylate using a boundary integral/statistical mechanical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hydrogels such as Sodium Polyacrylate possess a number of important physical and chemical properties that ultimately derive from the dissociation of protons from COOH groups distributed throughout the cross-linked polymer, and the subsequent formation of an ion atmosphere.
		Given the work of charging polyacrylic acid, a statistical mechanical computation of the titration curve is performed.
		In order to compute the work of charging partially ionized polyacrylic acid, the linearized Poisson-Boltzman equation is solved using a Boundary Integral strategy while treating the polymeric chains as a sequence of non-overlapping spheres, with non-uniform spacing, and lying along a linear segment.
	membership.acs.org /C/COMP/pastprograms/spr03/P579519.HTM (240 words)

	----> Lamberti Spa - Ceramics - Fluidizing agents <----
		Reotan are the well known polyacrylate derivatives, suitable for a wide range of applications, introduced by Lamberti in the ceramic market since 1972 and produced in the plants of Albizzate and Zanica.
		Polyacrylate (liquid), extender for sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium silicate in high plasticity slips
		Liquid sodium polyacrylate for body slips with low plasticity, like porcelain or body for technical ceramic with high content of Alumina.
	www.lamberti.com /products/fluidizing-agents.cfm (212 words)

	[No title]
		ó¨%Why sodium polyacrylate absorbs water¡&%$¨UIt is a long chained molecule with many repeating units (a polymer).
		The electric charges on the polymer attract water molecules and bind them to tèðé(àà òð/È 0ÒÕL·DTimes New RomanÀ·À·Ì³øÓ0ð³ð³~Ô0© @£nÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿÿÿÿÿ @@``”ðð@cð$¿Àÿ@ñ÷ðóÐúgþý4(d(dü³~Ô0ô³fÀ 0úÿÿ ÿÿÿpû@pûpÿ ?Ù Ú%ðQó¨+Superabsorbent Polymer: Sodium polyacrylate¡,+(ª¨àIt is a polymer where the long chains are cross-linked to one another.
		ª4ó¨%Why sodium polyacrylate absorbs water¡&%$ª ¨UIt is a long chained molecule with many repeating units (a polymer).
	www.eng.buffalo.edu /Courses/ce435/Outreach/Superabsorbent.ppt (330 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The superabsorbent gel commonly used to absorb chemical spills is potassium polyacrylate.
		This product consists of a superabsorbent polymer--sodium polyacrylate, mineral oil, and surfactants, and is supplied as a liquid concentrate which is mixed in an eductor.
		Also repeat the experiment with calcium chloride instead of sodium chloride to show the large effect of divalent cations compared with monovalent cations on the gel.
	www.precision.rotor.com /trialpgs/gel.shtml (956 words)

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