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Topic: Sodium vapor lamp

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	Sodium vapor lamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp which uses sodium in an excited state to produce light.
		An amalgam of metallic sodium and mercury lies at the coolest part of the lamp and provides the sodium and mercury vapor in which the arc is drawn.
		The lamp is powered by an AC voltage source in series with an inductive "ballast" in order to supply a nearly constant current to the lamp, rather than a constant voltage, thus assuring stable operation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_pressure_sodium_lamp (882 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sodium vapor lamp
		A lamp as in claim 1 wherein said inleads have an intermediate portion of tungsten embedded in the press of the stem and an outer portion of copper and an inner portion of titanium butt-welded to opposite ends of the intermediate portion.
		A lamp as in claim 1 wherein the cathode electrode comprises a tungsten wire coil on a tungsten shank and an anti back-arcing shield mounted on the shank behind said coil, said shield being firmly attached in a manner precluding vibratory displacement on said shank.
		I have determined that a major source of noise in sonic pulse operation of prior art lamps is the stem press or seal of the outer glass envelope or jacket wherein the welds of the inner and outer nickel portions to the intermediate portion of the inleads are embedded in glass.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sodium-vapor-lamp (443 words)

	Sodium vapor lamp with emission aperture - Patent 4080545 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A sodium vapor discharge lamp as defined in claim 1 in which said conductive and light-transmissive coating is on the exterior of said discharge tube and is composed of tin oxide.
		A sodium vapor discharge lamp as defined in claim 3 in which said conductive and light-transmissive coating is disposed on the outer surface of said discharge tube and is composed of tin oxide.
		A sodium vapor discharge lamp as defined in claim 5 in which said conductive and light-transmissive coating is disposed on the outer surface of said discharge tube and is composed of tin oxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4080545.html (1654 words)

	Sodium vapor lamp with emission aperture - Patent 4071798 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A sodium vapor discharge lamp as defined in claim 1 in which said light-reflective coating is on the exterior, and said infrared-reflective coating is on the interior, of said outer envelope.
		The spectral output of sodium lamps is almost monochromatic, emitting essentially at 589.0 and 589.6 nanometers, this in the yellow portion of the spectrum.
		This metallic sodium is opaque and absorbs some of the radiation from the sodium vapor discharge and to that extent lowers the lamp efficiency.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4071798.html (1222 words)

	Sodium vapor lamp: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These lamps produce a virtually monochromatic light in the 589 nm (A state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border) wavelength (The distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave).
		High pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps are smaller and contain some other elements (for example, mercury (A heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures)), produce a dark pink glow when first struck, and produce a pinkish orange light when warmed up.
		Because of the extremely high chemical activity of the high pressure sodium arc, the arc tube is typically made of translucent (additional info and facts about translucent) aluminum oxide (alumina (Any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum)).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/sodium_vapor_lamp.htm (353 words)

	Glossary
		Lamp in which light is produced by means of an element heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current.
		Discharge lamp in which the major portion of the light is produced by the radiation from a mixture of a metallic vapor (for example, mercury) and the products of the dissociation of halides (for example, halides of thallium, indium or sodium).
		Discharge lamp such as the 'mercury (vapor) lamp' and the 'sodium (vapor) lamp' in which the light is mainly produced in a metallic vapor.
	www.suryaroshnilighting.com /htmdoc/gloss3.html (450 words)

	High pressure sodium vapor lamp stabilized for pulse operation - Patent 4052636 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		High pressure sodium vapor lamps operated on sonic frequency pulses with short duty cycle in order to raise the color temperature are subject to arc instability near the electrodes and to overheating of the end closures, particularly that at the anode end when unidirectional pulsing is used.
		Problems encountered in pulse operation of high pressure sodium vapor lamps are arc instability near the electrodes and at the center of the discharge, overheating of the end closures, particularly that at the anode end when unidirectional pulsing is used, and reduced life over 60 hz a.c.
		The lamps with the large A electrodes were least stable with maximum instability occurring at the 667 hz frequency; in general the arc showed a stationary kink near the cathode and a swirling motion about the anode.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4052636.html (3505 words)

	DC operated sodium vapor lamp - US Patent 5336968 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		By relative sodium pressure is meant the actual sodium pressure, P, in the AC operated lamp divided by the optimum sodium pressure, Po, which yielded the greatest efficacy or lumens per watt output of the lamp.
		In a DC operated lamp the sodium partial pressure will vary from the cathode end of the arc tube to the anode end of the arc tube with the sodium pressure being greatest at the cathode end of the arc tube.
		Sodium pressure at each end of the arc tube was determined from the temperature at each end and sodium vapor pressure curves.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5336968.html (3514 words)

	Sodium (Na): Sodium (Na): Sodium Vapor Lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A bulb from a sodium vapor lamp is shown in the fore-ground.
		Such lamps produce a bright yellow light, similar to the color that appears when you heat a sodium-containing sample in a flame.
		Sodium vapor lamps are very efficient and are common for lighting cities.
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu /lab/PTL/PTL/Elements/Na/Images/Na_Use2b.html (46 words)

	High pressure sodium vapor lamp having unsaturated vapor pressure type characteristics - Patent 4755721 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Therefore, if a lamp of this type is disposed in a place susceptible to vibration or in equipment having an airtight structure, factors such as vibration or temperature rise lead to an increase in the sodium vapor pressure and the consequent disadvantage of variations in the lamp characteristics.
		A typical high pressure sodium vapor lamp of the unsaturated vapor pressure type is constructed in such a manner that a limited amount of amalgam composed of sodium and mercury is enclosed in the arc tube and, while the lamp is burning, it assumes a state wherein all the sodium amalgam enclosed therein is vaporized.
		In consequence, this type of lamp exhibits completely the same amount of sodium-lamp voltage characteristics as those of the high pressure sodium vapor lamp of the unsaturated vapor pressure type in which the sodium enclosed therein is completely vaporized at the initial stage of operation.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4755721.html (4096 words)

	High-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp - Patent 4420708 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A high-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the total quantity of the alkaline earth metals bound to oxygen to the tungsten bound to oxygen is between 8 and 35.
		It is the object of the invention to provide high-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamps of the kind mentioned in the preamble which have a considerably longer life than the known lamps.
		The lamp according to the invention is characterized in that the electron-emitting material comprises barium, strontium and calcium as alkaline earth metals bound to oxygen and that the molar ratio of the total quantity of said alkaline earth metals bound to oxygen to the tungsten bound to oxygen is between 8 and 50.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4420708.html (1516 words)

	Sodium vapor lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		High pressure sodium lamps are smaller and contain some other elements (e.g.
		These lamps produce continuous spectrum light (not monochromatic).
		High pressure Sodium lamps are quite efficient — about 100 lm/W.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/sodium_vapor_lamp (253 words)

	Why is lightning colored? (gas excitations)
		In gas excitations it is specific atoms, present as a vapor or a gas, which have their electrons raised into higher energy levels by a variety of excitations; light is then emitted when the excess energy is released as photons.
		Sodium- and mercury-vapor lamps efficiently emit yellow and bright blue, respectively, and are often used in parking lots, where they distort the color of our autos.
		Vapor lamps were a major advance because they are more energy efficient.
	webexhibits.org /causesofcolor/4.html (672 words)

	Sodium Vapor Lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Description: The sodium vapor lamp generates an intense (6 candela/cm2) source of monochromatic radiation.
		Lamp wear results more from turning the light source on and off than from steady operation.
		Sodium vapor lamp was new in the thirties, Mercury has UV, reference for constructing other glass lamps: Rev.Sci.Inst.,3,7,1932.
	demoroom.physics.ncsu.edu /html/demos/514.html (125 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A type of high intensity discharge lamp in which excited sodium vapor is the illumination source.
		Sodium lamps produce sharp intense emission lines at 589 and 589.6 nm.
		Sodium vapor lamps have a high initial cost that is offset by long lifetimes and low energy requirements.
	mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_description.asp?name=sodium+lamp&... (105 words)

	27.084 SODIUM-VAPOR STREET AND HIGHWAY LIGHTING, Science Service Historical Image Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The 10,000-lumen lamp was developed to effect a substantial improvement in highway lighting over the incandescent units, with the expectation that ultimately this benefit would be obtained at less cost than that involved in obtaining similar results with other lighting systems.
		Thus, while the lamp and the highway luminaire designed especially for it, are at present too expensive to warrant their widespread substitution for MAZDA lighting where cost is the major consideration, the state of simplification and production already reached provides for reasonable cost for demonstration units and installations.
		Although it is made separate form the lamp for the sake of economy, the enclosing flask is essential to the lamp in order to obtain the desired temperature and vapor pressure.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/scienceservice/027084.htm (1636 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In this case, the fluorescent lamp, an ultraviolet rays lamp and a low pressure sodium vapor lamp are contained within low pressure discharge lamps, and the street lamp is included within high pressure discharge lamps.
		In addition, if the lamp is automatically turned off due to an unexpected accident during the lighting, the impedance of the series resonant circuit is greatly low to cause a great large amount of current to flow to the switching transistor, which results in the damage on the switching transistor.
		Since the lamp heat is not dropped at a rapid speed after turned off, the tube atmosphere is high, and thus when the lamp is re-lighted, the initial lighting of lamp may fail.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/51066.991007&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4539 words)

	Read about Sodium vapor lamp at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Sodium vapor lamp and learn about Sodium vapor lamp ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge
		borosilicate 2 ply glass U shaped tube containing sodium metal and a small amount of neon and argon gas to start the gas discharge, so when the lamp is turned on it emits a dim red/pink light to warm the sodium metal and within a few minutes it turns into the common bright orange/
		Because of the extremely high chemical activity of the high pressure sodium arc, the arc tube is typically made of
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Sodium_lamp (420 words)

	Schedule 50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		250 watt sodium vapor lamp 8.70 115 KWH
		200 watt sodium vapor lamp 7.50 91 KWH
		100 watt sodium vapor lamp 5.15 43 KWH
	www.lcpud.org /Schedule_50.htm (316 words)

	Researchers Investigate Atmospheric Sodium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The sodium layer is part of the remnant of elements formed when meteors and meteorites enter the atmosphere and begin to burn up or ablate.
		The rocket payload included an instrument that measured the sodium atoms using a sodium vapor lamp that provided a single wavelength of light that is absorbed by sodium.
		The aim of this research is to determine if and when sodium can be used as a tracer of atmospheric motion and to understand the relationship between sodium and sodium ions in the atmosphere.
	www.psu.edu /ur/NEWS/news/rocket.html (582 words)

	Search: lamp sodium - WebFetch.com
		The operation of a high-pressure sodium lamp is illustrated in the diagram on...
		A sodium vapor lamp is a gas release lamp which uses sodium in an excited state to produce light.
		Lamp, Sodium-Vapor, electric lamp containing a small amount of sodium and neon gas, used mainly for...
	www.webfetch.com /uk.webfetch/search/web/lamp+sodium (414 words)

	History of Electric Lighting Technology
		Mercury vapor arc lamps are roughly 20% efficient in turning electricity into light, Unfortunately, their light is particularly cold, harsh, blue-green in color.
		Early flourescent lamps used beryllium in their flourescent material, creating a horrible toxic waste situation (beryllium is hideiously toxic to the lungs when inhaled).
		Their lamp is, however, about four times as efficient in turning light into electricity than all other bicycle lamps (which are all incandescent).
	www.sheldonbrown.com /marty_light_hist.html (2224 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These objects are accomplished, in one aspect of the invention, by a high pressure sodium lamp having an evacuated glass envelope with a plurality of electrically conductive support members therein and extending therethrough.
		The high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 3 wherein said lamp has a power consumption of 400 watts and said arc tube has an internal diameter of 6.
		The high pressure sodium lamp of Claim 3 wherein said lamp has a power consumption of 150 watts and said arc tube has an internal diameter of 5.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/54156.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1277 words)

	Schedule 31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		400 watt sodium vapor lamp 13.75 180 KWH
		250 watt sodium vapor lamp 10.75 115 KWH
		200 watt sodium vapor lamp 9.50 91 KWH
	www.lcpud.org /Schedule_5.htm (339 words)

	lamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Two Americans bought the rights to this first lava lamp and called it the Lava Brand Motion Lamp, which was popularly dubbed the lava lamp.
		When the lamp is turned on, the metal coil is warmed by the light bulb heating the wax.
		A lava lamp may not have lamp shades or lamp bulbs, but nevertheless, it is undoubtedly the most unique lamp available.
	www.best-lamps-deals.info /sodium_vapor_lamp_discount.htm (326 words)

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