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Topic: Soft drugs

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Hard and soft drugs
		The term hard drug generally refers to drugs illegal for nonmedical use that lead to profound and severe addiction, as opposed to soft drugs that has weaker or no physical withdrawal symptoms.
		The distinction between soft drugs and hard drugs is important in the drug policy of the Netherlands, where cannabis production, retailing and use come under official tolerance, subject to certain conditions.
		Other drugs such as psilocybin mushrooms and LSD are also considered soft drugs by many because there is no evidence of physical addiction, and a toxic overdose on these substances requires in some cases, hundreds of times a normal dose.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Hard_and_soft_drugs (544 words)

	Pontifical Council for the Family
		Drug dependence is a phenomenon that is spreading.
		When arguments are presented for or against the legalization of "soft" drugs, simplifications and generalizations must be avoided, and especially the politicization of an issue that is profoundly human and ethical.
		The use of drugs is symptomatic of a profound "malaise".
	www.ewtn.com /library/CURIA/PCFDRUGS.HTM (2070 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Kazakhstan: President Orders Study On Effects Of Decriminalizing 'Soft' Drugs
		It’s not clear when soft drugs might be legal to produce and use in Kazakhstan, but the move to study the issue has been hailed by regional experts.
		Herbert Schaepe, the secretary of the International Narcotics Control Board, an independent organ for implementing UN drug conventions, says the Dutch government’s relatively tolerant approach toward soft drugs is not in line with international conventions.
		When people use drugs for recreational reasons this kind of user is a different user from when somebody is using heroin.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav101202.shtml (1042 words)

	AMSTERDAM: FACTS AND FIGURES
		Ever since 1976, this difference has been stipulated by law: the possession of hard drugs is a felony and the possession of a small quantity of soft drugs is a misdemeanour.
		If more than 30 grams of soft drugs are present in a coffee shop or other trading location, or if hard drugs are sold or there are disturbances of the peace, the police will immediately have the premises closed down.
		And that is reflected in the history of Amsterdam's drug policy, characterised by four stages: the Mosaic Model from the seventies, the Circuit Model from the early eighties, the Integration Model from the second half of the eighties, and the Target Group and Tailor-Made Model which we are advocating now.
	www.drugtext.org /count/nl/adup951.html (2028 words)

	Hard and soft drugs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term hard drug generally refers to drugs illegal for nonmedical use that lead to profound and severe addiction, as opposed to soft drugs that are either only mildly psychologically addictive or non-addictive.
		The term soft drug is most usually applied to cannabis (marijuana or hashish) because it is not associated with deaths, crime or violence amongst users and is without evidence of physical addiction.
		The drug policy of the Netherlands classifies synthetic hallucinogens such as LSD (acid) and MDMA (ecstasy) as hard drugs, although they have very similar action to naturally occurring drugs such as mescaline, which is considered a soft drug in its natural form of peyote, or psilocybin in its natural form as psilocybe (magic mushrooms).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hard_and_soft_drugs (412 words)

	Drug policy of the Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The use of soft drugs in general is not prohibited, on the general principle of self-determination in matters of the body.
		Driving under the influence of drugs is nevertheless prohibited, as is being under the influence in public (of either alcohol or other drugs), mainly from a public nuisance perspective.
		Although drug use, as opposed to trafficking, is seen primarily as a public health issue, responsibility for drug policy is shared by both the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports, and the Ministry of Justice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands (1970 words)

	Drug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A drug is a molecule that binds with a receptor in a cell membrane or an enzyme which produces some biological effect by altering the cellular functions as a result of that binding.
		A medication is a drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may use as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms.
		Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drugs for recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes, although the distinction is not always clear.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drugs (546 words)

	Drugs policy of the Netherlands
		For soft drugs, toleration goes even further, and so-called coffeeshops are being permitted to sell them openly, and to have a market store much larger than that officially allowed by law for own usage.
		The exportation of the synthetic drug ecstasy to the U.S. during 1999 reached epidemic proportions.
		Although drug abuse, as opposed to trafficking, is seen primarily as a public health issue, responsibility for drug policy is shared by both the Ministries of Health, Welfare, and Sports, and Justice.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Soft_drug.html (639 words)

	Soft drug (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The term soft drug is given sometimes to a range of drug s that are supposed to be less harmful than other drugs, called hard drugs.
		Examples of soft drugs include: cannabis and hallucinogen s such as LSD, psilocybe mushrooms, and peyote.
		The difference between soft drugs and hard drugs is important in the Dutch drugs policy, where soft drugs are dealt with much lighter (up to being for sale as such in clearly recognisable coffeeshop s) than hard drugs.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Soft_drug.html (499 words)

	Dutch drug policy: Soft or hard?
		Soft drugs are tolerated, that means: it's technically still against the law, but the police simply "look the other way" and won't arrest you for smoking or possession.
		While the Dutch Drug Policy decriminalizes the use of soft drugs in these two ways, it maintains tough policies against their import and export across its borders, comparable to what is found in other countries.
		Criticizers of the Dutch drug policy often claim that the threshold to explore harder drugs is lowered as soon as soft drugs are freely available.
	www.eatthemushroom.com /mag/article.asp?id=49&catID=1 (939 words)

	Acknowledgements
		For this reason the penalties that may be imposed for drug-related offences and the priority given to the various offences in investigation and prosecution policy, vary in accordance with the nature of both the offence and the substance in question.
		In addition to the prevention of drug use, considerable attention is devoted to the risk of addiction to hard drugs as a result of occasional use.
		Low priority is given to tackling the sale of small quantities of soft drugs for personal use, as they give rise to few health problems, and users cause little nuisance to society as a whole.
	www.healthlaw.nl /drugs1.html (3472 words)

	Drugs policy in the Netherlands: continuity and change
		In the Netherlands drugs policy is therefore differentiated according to the seriousness of the potential damage to health which may be caused by the use or abuse of the drug in question.
		Soft drugs are bought and sold and used on a large scale in and near places of entertainment frequented by young people in the big cities in all the above-mentioned countries.
		Soft drugs are readily available to young people in towns and cities all over the Western world*.
	www.taima.org /nl/nl_uk.htm (20824 words)

	Smith & Jones Centre
		A “soft drug” addiction is simply an uncontrollable urge to possess and use the drug.
		Even those who seek treatment for drugs that are perceived has "harder", like heroin or cocaine, will often acknowledge that “soft drugs” are their primary drug of choice.
		There is a vicious cycle to “soft drug” addictions in which these problems are often used as a rationalization to smoke even more drugs.
	www.smithandjones.nl /softdrugs.htm (598 words)

	Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Drugs are sometimes divided into "hard drugs " and "soft drugs".
		Hard drugs are "non-metabolizable drugs" or drugs which are metabolized to biologically active metabolites.
		Soft drugs are drugs which are characterized by a predictable and controllable in vivo destruction (i.e.
	www.hi.is /pub/lyfjafr/chem/resoft.html (306 words)

	Drugs - Amsterdam - Drug laws Amsterdam- Latest news Amsterdam (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Strictly speaking the sale and use of soft drugs is illegal too, but use and possession for personal use (up to 30 grams) a blind eye is turned and you will not be prosecuted.
		The Dutch government believe by keeping soft drugs separate from other drugs it makes it possible to control it more and therefore stop people turning to harder drugs and hopefully away from crime and addiction..
		According to the 1995 report of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in Lisbon, the Dutch figures are the lowest in Europe.
	www.amsterdamescape.com /Drugs.html (1010 words)

	A hard case to prove: Ivor Gaber on the 'gateway' effect of soft drugs
		This data showed that the age when most young people started taking soft drugs was lower than the age of onset for most hard drugs; for example, the average ages of first use of glue/solvents and cannabis were 14.1 and 16.6 years respectively, compared with 17.5 and 20.2 for heroin and cocaine.
		Early soft drug use and later hard drug use may be joint expressions of the same underlying personal problem: apparent progression from one to the other may simply be a consequence of the fact that soft drugs are easier to get and more affordable for younger teenagers than hard drugs.
		Pudney's conclusions are that there is no significant impact of soft drug use on the risk of later involvement with crack cocaine or heroin, and that there is very little impact of soft drug use on the risk of later involvement in crime.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/824600/posts (778 words)

	Dutch defend laid-back drugs line
		THE decriminalisation of soft drugs means that young people experimenting with them do not come into contact with the criminal underworld in which hard drugs are sold, the Dutch government claims.
		On soft drugs its states: "The possession of a quantity of soft drugs for personal use - up to a maximum of 30 grammes - is regarded as a summary offence [a minor offence] which will not usually lead to prosecution.
		Above all, the decriminalisation of soft drugs has caused a massive increase in cannabis production, which has driven down prices to such a level that "the Netherlands is thus in danger of becoming a production and export centre for soft drugs".
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/10/10/wdrug110.html (526 words)

	Inside The Netherlands: Soft drugs - TripAdvisor
		Soft drugs are illegal, but tolerated to a point (not more than 5 grams of weed for instance).
		Soft drugs may only be sold in assigned coffee shops which are strictly checked by the authorities to see if they follow the rules.
		Soft drugs may only be sold to persons of 18 years and older which has to be proven by showing a valid ID. The drugs have to be for personal use.
	www.tripadvisor.com /Travel-g188553-c49988/The-Netherlands:Soft.Drugs.html (423 words)

	Salon \| Going Dutch
		But drugs, even marijuana and hash, have never been legal, are not legal now and are unlikely ever to be legalized in the Netherlands.
		But in theory they can't advertise the drugs, can't sell alcohol on the same premises, can't allow clients to cause a public nuisance, can't sell drugs for take-out use or have more soft drugs on hand than the coffee shop conceivably needs to supply clients' daily demands (500 grams, just over a pound).
		Rates of problem drug use (defined by the EMCDDA as "intravenous or long duration/regular use of opiates, cocaine and/or amphetamines") are lower in the Netherlands than in Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the U.K. and Norway, and almost on a par with those reported in Germany, Austria, Finland and Sweden.
	archive.salon.com /health/feature/2000/03/13/dutch_drugs/print.html (2897 words)

	EURAD: Europe Against Drugs ()
		Compared to 1992, the number of 13-year-old so called 'soft drug' users has quadrupled among boys and almost been multiplied by five among girls.
		20 percent of SE-pupils are regular so called 'soft drug' users; the number of times pupils use so called 'soft drugs' is strongly depending on age: from an average of twice per month at age 13 to an average of 5.5 times per month at the age of 17.
		Use of other drugs such as mushrooms, XTC, speed, heroin, cocaine, glue, anabolic steroids and valium: 4.2 percent of the pupils use one or more of these substances at age 13 and 13.5 percent use one or more of these substances at age 17.
	www.eurad.net /faq/soft%20drugs.htm (501 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Head to head: Soft drugs
		Instead of imitating the success of reductions in drug harm of other countries we continue to repeat the failures of the US, the country with the worst drug problems in the world.
		By using soft drugs they have already broken the taboo and crossed the line of illegality.
		But the amount of a drug that was considered to be for personal use remained a grey area.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/uk/693416.stm (1028 words)

	Stop Talking To Children About 'Soft' Drugs, Teachers To (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mr Hellawell said that a drug was a drug and that all must be treated with equal severity.
		But when it is called a recreational drug, that does not seem as serious." He said that the use of the term "soft drugs" was giving young people the wrong message: "Young people don't even seem to understand the legal consequences of getting involved with drugs.
		Mr Hellawell said that reformed drug users could be used in more schools to give talks to pupils from the age of 11 and that such first-hand accounts could prove one of the most effective ways of getting the message through to young people.
	www.mapinc.org /drugnews/v99.n007.a06.html (498 words)

	" Netherlands Alcohol and Drugs Report as of 5/8/02"
		The main aim of the drugs policy is to reduce the risks of drug use to the individual drug users, their immediate environment, as well as society in general.
		Dutch drug policy is aimed at maintaining a separation between the market for soft drugs (cannabis products such as hashish and marijuana) and the market for drugs that carry an unacceptable risk (such as the hard drugs heroin and cocaine).
		In recent years, other countries have also come to reali ze that a certain decriminalization of soft drug use is worth considering in the context of public health, the prevention of social damage to users and the limitation of aggressive small-scale trade in the street.
	www.onlinepot.org /amsterdam/netherlandsreport.htm (3532 words)

	RSA Journal - October 2006
		We tend to deplore the use of drugs, especially those of the harder variety such as heroin or cocaine, but we recognise that they have always been around in some form or another and are not likely to go away.
		Since 2001, users of any illegal drug apprehended by Portuguese police have been brought not before the courts, but before special commissions composed of health, legal and social work professionals whose aim is to give users the opportunity to access treatment for addiction and other problems related to drugs.
		Background papers on the supply of drugs, the availability of treatment, the history of prohibition, and placing the drugs problem in the overall criminal justice context have been produced collaboratively by commission members and the secretariat, led by the RSA’s Susie Harries (some of these papers can be found on the RSA website).
	www.rsa.org.uk /journal/article.asp?articleID=829 (2436 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Breakfast \| Are we going soft on drugs?
		Drugs are classified under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
		Drugs such as heroin, methadone, cocaine, crack and Ecstasy, LSD and amphetamines (speed) if prepared for injection fall into Class A. Conviction for possession, in a Crown Court, can lead to a maximum seven year prison sentence and a fine.
		Benzodiazepine drugs such as Temazepam and Valium are also categorised as Class C drugs.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/breakfast/2117839.stm (480 words)

	The road to ruin? Sequences of initiation into drug use and offending by young people in Britain
		It aims to investigate the gateway effect - the hypothesis that the use of soft drugs leads to a higher, future risk of hard drug use and crime.
		On the surface the YLS data appears largely consistent with some variants of the gateway theory, in that the age for use of soft drugs is less than the age of onset for most hard drugs.
		However, after correcting for the likely effect of underlying unobservable factors, the predicted long-run consequence of even a complete removal of soft drugs from the scene would only be a one-third cut in the prevalence of ecstasy and cocaine.
	www.crimereduction.gov.uk /drugsalcohol/drugsalcohol62.htm (385 words)

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