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Topic: Software hoarding

	Software hoarding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Software hoarding is the creation of proprietary software products based on free software code.
		The practice of software hoarding was the impetus for the creation of copyleft.
		The term was created by Richard Stallman in 1984 after the company Symbolics refused to provide him access to the extensions and improvements they had added to the public domain version of his Lisp interpreter he had given them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Software_hoarding (135 words)

	[No title]
		Software development used to go on by a sort of evolutionary process, where a person would take a program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to put another new feature in; this could go on over twenty years.
		Software hoarding is my name for the crime of trying to prevent someone else from sharing a program with a third party.
		Software hoarding is one form that the tendency to obstruct society for profit takes; one that pertains to our field, but that actually exists in some other fields as well, to greater or lesser extents.
	virtualschool.edu /mon/ElectronicProperty/StallmanOwningBadForSociety (5661 words)

	General Public License - Simple English Wikipedia
		The GPL is a kind of copyleft license for software.
		He wanted to stop software hoarding (where software makers do not allow other people to change or re-use their software).
		That is legal (allowed) because public domain software has no restrictions on derivative works (new software people make using the public domain software) or anything, because public domain is no copyright at all.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/GPL (319 words)

	Compulsive hoarding
		Compulsive hoarding (or pathological hoarding) is a term which is used to describe extreme hoarding behaviour in humans.
		In addition to hoarding, she reported several other obsessive-compulsive symptoms, such as fear of hurting others due to carelessness, an over-concern with dirt and germs, a need for symmetry and a need to know or remember things.
		Both of the doors to the outside were blocked, so entry to the house was through the garage and the kitchen, where the table and chairs were covered with papers, newspapers, bills, books, half-consumed bags of chips and her children's school papers dating back ten years.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/putt.html (442 words)

	Free Software Foundation - FOLDOC Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		software that is free from licensing fees or restrictions on use.
		Software is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, which also provides a good summary of the Foundation's goals and principles.
		One of the slogans of the FSF is "Help stamp out software hoarding!" This remains controversial because authors want to own, assign and sell the results of their labour.
	www.nightflight.com /foldoc-bin/foldoc.cgi?Free+Software+Foundation (264 words)

	SOFTWARE HOARDING
		Pejorative term employed by members and adherents of the GNU project to describe the act of holding software proprietary, keeping it under trade secret or license terms which prohibit free redistribution and modification.
		It is the creation of proprietary software products based on free software code, thus creating code forking, interoperability problems leading to proprietary lock-in, and limitation of knowledge.
		While legal (unless restricted by copyleft or a similar license), it is considered immoral by proponents of free software.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /so/software+hoarding.html (281 words)

	Software hoarding -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Software hoarding is the creation of proprietary ((computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory) software products based on (Click link for more info and facts about free software) free software code.
		This (Click link for more info and facts about software forking) software forking can cause interoperability problems leading to (Click link for more info and facts about vendor lock-in) vendor lock-in, as well as a limitation of knowledge.
		The practice of software hoarding was the impetus for the creation of (Click link for more info and facts about copyleft) copyleft.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/So/Software_hoarding.htm (143 words)

	Copyleft - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		One of the most important reasons creators or authors might want to make copyleft applicable to their work is that in so doing they hope to create the most favourable conditions for a wide range of people to feel invited to contribute improvements and/or elaborations to this work, in a continuing process.
		for software, this facilitating form is considered to be a synonym to source code, where also the compilation of such source code should be guaranteed to be without impediments of any kind.
		Eben Moglen, Professor of Law at Columbia University and counsel for the Free Software Foundation, for example, notes that GPL is a license, not a contract.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Copyleft (3806 words)

	When you have Right on your side (or Left, as the case may be) - TechUpdate - ZDNet
		While others seem to value the merits of free software on practical merits or even pure self-interest, the people behind GNU say, when it comes down to it, this is a simple matter of right and wrong.
		For instance, Marx stated that hoarding private property was against the good of the people, and this is exactly what Stallman says about the hoarding of software.
		The Ethics of Free Software by Bertrand Meyer.
	techupdate.zdnet.com /techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2591417,00.html (1100 words)

	Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits.
		Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, this continued over a period of twenty years.
		Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the welfare of society for personal gain.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/shouldbefree.html (6251 words)

	Software hoarding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It results in software forking, interoperability problems leading to vendor lock-in, and limitation of knowledge.
		The practice of software hoardingwas the impetus for the creation of copyleft.
		Software hoarding is legal unlessrestricted by copyleft or a similar license, but it is considered immoral by proponents of free software.
	www.therfcc.org /software-hoarding-162659.html (79 words)

	Homesteading the Noosphere by Eric S. Raymond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Free Software Foundation (FSF) founded by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) supported a great deal of open-source development from the early 1980s on, including tools like Emacs and GCC which are still basic to the Internet open-source world, and seem likely to remain so for the forseeable future.
		Its main value is not as a weapon against 'hoarding', but as a tool for encouraging software sharing and the growth of bazaar-mode development communities.
		On the other hand, software that nobody but the author understands or has a need for is a non-starter in the reputation game, and it's often easier to attract good notice by contributing to an existing project than it is to get people to notice a new one.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue3_10/raymond (11281 words)

	The Economics of Open Source Software - Advantages of Open Source Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This software hoarding hurts the user by forcing them to be at the mercy of the vendor and disallowing them from modifying the program to suit their own needs.
		This monopolistic paradigm is defeated with open source, where anybody can use or change the software for their own needs.
		Also, Linus's Law of Software Engineering states, "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," meaning that the more people you have looking at a piece of code, the more likely one of them is to find a bug before it gets to be a major problem.
	www.cs.virginia.edu /~pev5b/writing/econ_oss/advantages.html (474 words)

	ipedia.com: Copyleft Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		For software, this facilitating form is considered to be a synonym to source code, pre-supposing that all necessary compilation software is also freely available.
		An example of a free software license that uses strong copyleft is the GNU General Public License.
		Code reuse is often useful in software engineering, as a way to save effort and get on with a project, especially when a perfectly sensible design and implementation has already been done and is available.
	www.ipedia.com /copyleft.html (2787 words)

	SLAdministracionNHS - HispaLinux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		By providing software developers the same level of interoperability as is available to, for example, manufacturers of electronic circuit boards, component technology is radically altering the way software is developed.
		Software acquired by a Trust due to a contractual arrangement — either as part of a development contract, or as a result of an escrow arrangement.
		Software development is not currently considered to be a necessary, or even a legitimate role for the NHSIA, but the need to maintain the legacy FHS computer system has provided us with a body of skilled software developers.
	wiki.hispalinux.es /moin/SLAdministracionNHS (4770 words)

	software products
		Hoarding Tracker is specially designed for out-door advertising agencies.
		It is flooded with all the information’s of a hoarding on which a client may be interested.
		Hoarding Tracker is successfully implemented at Adworld, Indore.
	www.scorpin.net /products.htm (577 words)

	Some Past And Future Cliches Regarding GNU/Linux
		In 1984, he dedicates his life to preserving the ideals of Free Software: he forms the Free Software Foundation, and begins building the tools that will allow, one day, a computer to be used without having to purchase any hoarded, proprietary software at all.
		Free Software - but not just free as in for nothing, but free as in free to be distributed, modified, improved; fixed by anyone who has a different plan from the blinkered view of the binary-pushing corporations.
		Stallman, for all his projected evangelism, objects to "software hoarding", because he saw it as an impediment to sharing that enjoyment.
	www.spesh.com /danny/writing/religion.html (2229 words)

	The Cathedral versus the Bazaar, page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The growing adoption of Linux can not be seen as the result of any philosophical set of views about whether or not software source code should be free or not.
		It might be more likely that they'd pay money for software developed by experts in tax law who hired programmers, rather than by programming experts that had a knowledge of tax law.
		1 The terms "cathedral" software, "traditional" software, and closed-source software are used interchangeably throughout this paper.
	www.ite.poly.edu /htmls/chapel01.htm (403 words)

	Government Promotion of Open Source Software
		Many government agencies will not use a piece of software in a security-critical application unless the agency itself can examine the source code for flaws; in the case of proprietary software, this often means difficult and costly negotiations allowing the agency access to the source code.
		Perhaps the most compelling reason why the promotion of open source software serves a public good is that OSS is inherently anti-monopolistic, and may serve as an effective antidote for the monopolistic tendencies which some economists believe exist in the software industry.
		In software, according to his theory, "there is no presumption...that superior technology wins."[19] Network externalities means that the value of a product increases with the number of people using it.
	www.netaction.org /opensrc/oss-advantages.html (1461 words)

	The Cathedral versus the Bazaar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The cathedral model of software was not the first way in which software was developed and distributed.
		In the 1950s and early 1960s, when software was not portable and each program was written for a particular piece of hardware, software was developed and given away by hardware manufacturers.
		A competitive analysis of the software market, focussing on the relative competitive position of open-source and closed-source software confirms Microsoft's worst fears - open-source is here to stay and has the ability to take on and beat Microsoft and other cathedral behemoths on their own turf.
	www.ite.poly.edu /htmls/chapel_printable.htm (3920 words)

	Animal Hoarding
		We have assembled the resources on this site to increase awareness about a complex disorder which has until recently not received serious attention by medical, mental health, and public health professionals.
		Known to animal protection groups or SPCA's for many years as "collectors", the depth of the pathology underlying this behavior is just beginning to be uncovered, and shows striking similarities to other forms of hoarding behavior which are better understood.
		It is our hope that increased awareness will stimulate additional research and help interested parties come together, so that collaboratively, they may help those involved in hoarding cases - be they friends, family members, municipal authorities, health professionals, or animal protection groups - achieve a more humane and more lasting intervention for all involved.
	www.tufts.edu /vet/cfa/hoarding (227 words)

	Open Mind: The birth of Samba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Unfortunately some people then discovered that it was possible to make your fortune by "hoarding" software and the age of proprietary software was born.
		Samba, for those who aren't familiar, is a suite of software that provides file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients — basically, it allows Windows clients to "see" a Linux/UNIX server and use it for file and print services.
		Back in the day, few individuals could actually own the means of software production, and, in fact, until the mid to late 70's, very few individuals actually were able to own their own computers.
	www.corante.com /openmind/archives/000516.html (790 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		All members agree that open source (that is, software that is freely redistributable and can readily evolved and be modified to fit changing needs) is a good thing and worthy of significant and collective effort.
		The Free Software Foundation founded by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) supported a great deal of open-source development from the early 1980s forward, including tools like Emacs and GCC which are still basic to the Internet open-source world, and seem likely to remain so for the forseeable future.
		Its main value is not as a weapon against `hoarding', but as a tool for encouraging software sharing and the growth of bazaar-modebazaar-mode development communities.
	www.catb.org /~esr/writings/homesteading/homesteading/ar01s02.html (1165 words)

	Setting Up Shop
		Similarly many commercial software companies have used software originating in the free software community as the basis for commercial products, and in some cases have contributed to the development of free software through donations of money, hardware, or their employees' time.
		For US software companies operating under SEC rules this means that software license fees can normally be recognized as revenue immediately at the time the associated product is shipped; by contrast, service fees can be recognized as revenue only over time as the services are actually delivered to customers.
		Part of the reason lies in the origins of free software as a concept; charging for software licenses was (and is) seen by many as antithetical to the interests of users (who would be better off if provided free and unrestricted use of software) and to society as a whole.
	www.hecker.org /writings/setting-up-shop.html (14193 words)

	The GNU Licenses Problem
		It seems fairly ironic to me (and many others) that GPL is meant to prevent software hoarding by proprietary developers, but hoards software itself by stating that it can only be used with software under a similar license.
		Even RMS' "Why Software Should Not Have Owners" paper states this fairly clearly: "Any attempt to block the sharing of information, no matter why, leads to the same methods and the same harshness."[1] The GNU situation is almost worse because people think that "free" software comes without any strings attached.
		I believe the owner/developer of a piece of software has the right to decide upon the level of freedom of the software not one person or organization.
	www.seawood.org /misc/gpl-problem.html (762 words)

	Using, Maintaining and Enhancing COBOL for the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) - 1. Compiler Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The COBOL for GCC system is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
		Note: The use of the term 'COBOL' should not be taken as a representation that the COBOL for GCC system is an accurate, functional or complete implementation of the COBOL language.
		It is true that COBOL has not usually been the language of first choice for free software.
	cobolforgcc.sourceforge.net /cobol_1.html (414 words)

	Zvon:
		All members agree that open source (that is, software which is freely redistributable and can readily be evolved and modified to fit changing needs) is a good thing and worthy of significant and collective effort.
		The Free Software Foundation founded by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) supported a great deal of open-source development from the early 1980s on, including tools like Emacs and GCC which are still basic to the Internet open-source world, and seem likely to remain so for the forseeable future.
		Thus, perceptions of the hacker culture from both within and outside it tended to identify the culture with the FSF's zealous attitude and perceived anticommercial aims (RMS himself denies he is anticommercial, but his program has been so read by most people, including many of his most vocal partisans).
	zvon.org /ZvonHTML/Translations/homesteading_noosphere/chapter2_en.html (1088 words)

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