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| | The Japanese Garden |
 | | Written sometime in the eleventh century (a supplementary text was added in 1289), it has been attributed to Tachibana no Toshitsuna, the illegitimate son of Fujiwara no Yorimichi, and the grandson of the founder of the Byodo-in. |
 | | A second major text on garden design, the Senzui narabini yagyoo no zu (Illustrations for Designing Mountain, Water, and Hillside Field Landscapes), is attributed to the priest Zoen, and the principles it discusses may actually predate the Sakuteiki. |
 | | But the gap between theory and practice can be as wide in Eastern art as it often is in the art of the West, and to assume that all Japanese gardens reflect formulas and symbolic associations expressed in written texts is a matter for speculation, not assertion. |
| academic.bowdoin.edu /zen/index.shtml?origin (1660 words) |
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