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Topic: Soil classification

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	Soil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soil, comprising the pedosphere, is positioned at the interface of the lithosphere with the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.
		Soil acidification is accelerated by the use of acid-forming nitrogenous fertilizers and by the effects of acid precipitation.
		Soil salination is the accumulation of free salts to such an extent that it leads to degradation of soils and vegetation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil (3572 words)

	Soil Formation and Classification \| NRCS Soils
		Soils are named and classified on the basis of physical and chemical properties in their horizons (layers).
		Soils within a subgroup that have similar physical and chemical properties that affect their responses to management and manipulation are families.
		Soil maps are like road maps, for very general overview, a small scale map in an atlas is helpful, but for finding a location of a house in a city, a large scale detailed map should be used.
	soils.usda.gov /education/facts/formation.html (1017 words)

	Soil - MSN Encarta
		Soil scientists refer to this arrangement of layers atop one another as a soil profile.
		Under normal conditions, soil at the surface is slowly eroded but is constantly replaced by new soil that is created from the parent material in the C horizon.
		Soils frequently saturated by water appear gray, blue, or green because the minerals that give them the red and yellow colors have been leached away.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576446_3/Soil.html (574 words)

	The Early History of Soil Survey in North Carolina
		The soils are the direct results of the decomposition and disintegration of the rocks upon which they rest." As a further note it may be mentioned that the two men "in charge of the Statesville area had had considerable experience in soil mapping" (all of three years at the most).
		Although the soil surveyors in North Carolina from the beginning (1900) had used geological formations and specific rock groups as the basis for soil classification, it was not until the survey of Cabarrus County (1910) that the report showed a diagram listing the classification of the soils groups according to origin.
		As the title of each implies, the objective was to integrate or tie-in the soil survey data with "carefully conducted soil-type experiments in Mecklenburg and adjoining counties." Soils are described as in the original soil survey reports, and the present (i.e., 1917) methods of tillage, crops and fertilizer practices indicated and described.
	www.soil.ncsu.edu /about/century/earlyhistory.html (8561 words)

	Soil classification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soil classification is a dynamic subject, from the structure of the system itself, to the definitions of classes, and finally in the application in the field.
		In soil survey, as practiced in the United States, soil classification usually means criteria based on soil morphology in addition to characteristics developed during soil formation.
		Fine-grained soils are then subdivided according to their plasticity, while coarse-grained soils are subdivided by the presence and properties of the fines or the grain-size distribution of the soil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil_classification (1041 words)

	Landform Classification for Soil-Landscape Studies
		Soil properties vary laterally with topography resulting in patterns of soil development, a relationship that allows for prediction of soil attributes from landscape position.
		Soil scientists often rely on their knowledge of soil-topography-hydrology-vegetation relationships to infer soil types from landforms delineated on aerial photographs.
		Another important factor in soil formation is incident solar radiation (a function of aspect and slope), which increases the temperature of the soil thus affecting several facets of soil development.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc95/to200/p153.html (2360 words)

	Modeling of GLO Soil Classification
		The soil ratings in their notes provide an interesting look at what the Surveyors called the "face of the country." The survey maps and notes produced by the GLO surveyors are among the few detailed, systematic data sources about Iowa before much of it was changed to a landscape of intensive agriculture.
		Soils not rated were relatively near to timber, groves, and the South Skunk River (the nearest of any class), and close to average distance from the seven fields mapped by Deputy Surveyor Evans.
		The [prairie] soil is of a luxuriant nature, and yields in abundance; but the want of wood and spring water, of which this prairie is almost destitute, obliges settlers to plant themselves on the margin of the high grounds.
	www.glo.gis.iastate.edu /pinfo/glosoils.html (11873 words)

	Technical paper 1: Soil classification and characterization
		It is a grouping of soil individuals on the basis of narrowly defined properties, relating to kind and arrangement of horizons; colour, texture, structure, consistence and reaction of horizons; chemical and mineralogical properties of the horizons.
		Soils of tropical Africa; according to the USDA soil Taxonomy (adapted from Aubert and Tavernier, 1972).
		The purpose of land capability classification systems is to study and record all data relevant to finding the combination of agricultural and conservation measures which would permit the most intensive and appropriate agricultural use of the land without undue danger of soil degradation.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5546E/x5546e04.htm (4946 words)

	soil classification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The classification of the soil at the order level is largely determined from the various diagnostic horizons.
		If the soil has been plowed to a depth of at least 25 cm, the organic carbon content must be higher than 8% if no clay is present and 16% or more organic carbon if half or more of the mineral matter is clay.
		These soils are found in humid regions that have altered horizons in which bases, iron, and aluminum have been lost, but they do not have horizons enriched in silicate clays, amorphous aluminum, or organic matter.
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/soiljudge/handbook/soilclass.html (4660 words)

	Florida Forestry Information - Soil Classification
		Soil drainage is a property that can be determined in the field after minimal experience and is a useful tool for categorizing forest land for fertilization purposes.
		Flatwoods soils occupy level to gently sloping flat areas where the water table rises to within 5 to 20 inches of the soil surface for 1 to 4 days, at least once during the growing season.
		Flatwood soils with organic hardpans deeper than 16 inches have little capacity to retain P in the soil surface due to their low aluminum and iron content.
	www.sfrc.ufl.edu /Extension/ffws/soicl.htm (1086 words)

	A Compendium of On-Line Soil Survey Information : Classification
		Soil Taxonomy was designed to group soil series in the USA in increasingly-general interpretive groups, whereas World Reference Base and its predecessor FAO Legend were designed to understand and organize world soil geography.
		Soil classification was once closely tied to the presumed genesis of the soil, but this has been replaced with observable properties; however these often have a strong genetic link.
		Soils are classified directly by a chosen set of characteristics that are thought to relate directly to a certain use or group of uses.
	www.itc.nl /~rossiter/research/rsrch_ss_class.html (3609 words)

	Registration for Professional Soil Classifiers - Defined
		Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, a person shall not be construed to practice soil classifying unless he offers soil classifying services to or performs such soil classifying for the public.
		The right to practice soil classification in North Dakota is stated in the North Dakota Century Code (43-36-23).
		No person shall practice or offer to practice professional soil classifying as defined by this chapter unless such person is duly registered to practice under or exempt from the provisions of this chapter.
	www.soilsci.ndsu.nodak.edu /soilclassifiers/definition.htm (152 words)

	ACLEP The Australian Soil Classification
		The Australian Soil Classification serves as a framework for organising knowledge about Australian soils and provides a means of communication amongst scientists and those who use the land.
		The Australian Soil Conservation Council formally endorsed the new classification in 1992 and recommended its adoption by all States and Territories and its use in all future Federally funded land resource inventory and research programs.
		The Concepts and Rationale of The Australian Soil Classification is currently available from CSIRO Publishing.
	www.clw.csiro.au /aclep/asc/asc.htm (758 words)

	FAO/AGL - World Reference Base for Soil Resources - Classification Key (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Other soils having a mollic horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less if the texture is finer than sandy loam, or less than 3.5 if the texture is sandy loam or coarser, both to a depth of at least 20 cm, or having these chromas directly below any plough layer
		a mass of granules ("grumic"), or if the soil is cultivated while cracks are open, the cracks may be filled mainly by granular materials from the soil surface but they are open in the sense that the polyhedrons are separated.
		If the soil is irrigated the upper 50 cm has a coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) of 0.06 or more throughout.
	www.fao.org /ag/agl/agll/wrb/newkey.htm (1455 words)

	Department of Soil Science at NC State University, Member Details
		Research program focuses on pedogenic and weathering processes in the rock-saprolite-soil sections of the Piedmont and Mountain provinces of North Carolina; improvement of Soil Taxonomy; phosphorus reactions in contrasting soil mineral suites; and soil map unit and soilscape evaluation in technology transfer.
		Basic approach for research is to improve our understanding of how management practices interact with different kinds of soil and then develop systems of extrapolating soil management research results to appropriate sites via technical classification systems.
		Relationship of soil properties to parent material and landscape position in eastern Madre de Dios, Peru.
	www.soil.ncsu.edu /people/detail.php?who=13 (303 words)

	page soil classifications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These systems group soils according to their general behavior under given physical conditions.
		Understanding soil classifications is important to the geotechnical engineer.
		A classification of A-1 is the soil best suited for subgrade use.
	bechtel.colorado.edu /courseware/mos-cven/ce/3.2/texts/soilclass.html (216 words)

	Soil Classification \| NRCS Soils
		Soil Taxonomy - principal reference to soil classification.
		Keys to Soil Taxonomy - taxonomic keys for field classification.
		Soil Classification Database (SC) - soil classification and series names.
	soils.usda.gov /technical/classification (61 words)

	Soil Classification
		Soil scientists use a naming system, or classification to describe and identify soils.
		FAO: Key to the FAO Soil Units in the FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World
		United States: Unified Soil Classification System; from American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985
	soil.gsfc.nasa.gov /links/tax.htm (346 words)

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