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Topic: Fertile soil

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	Soil Basics - Creating Fertile, Healthy Soil
		Soil allows the growth of food crops which are consumed by humans and also plants used in the creation of medicines.
		Sand particles are 2 to 0.05 mm diameter, silt particles are 0.05 to 0.002 mm diameter and clay particles are <0.002 mm diameter.
		While inorganic fertilizers will work fine they have a number of disadvantages: they release their nutrients too quickly and there is some evidence to show that plants develop a resistance to inorganic fertilizer methods over time, requiring more and more to achieve the same effect.
	www.gardenstew.com /blog/e3-11-soil-basics---creating-fertile-healthy-soil.html (1616 words)

	Grade 2 Soil - Science Lesson Plan - John Muir Education Committee - Sierra Club
		Students know that soil is made partly from weathered rock and partly from organic materials and that soils differ in their color, texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of many kinds of plants.
		Remind them that soil is a mixture of organic material such as leaves and twigs that have decomposed, and pieces of larger rocks that were broken down by the process of weathering.
		One should be a sample of very sandy soil, the second a sample of fertile soil, and the third one a sample of hard, clay-like soil.
	www.sierraclub.org /john_muir_exhibit/lessons/science/grade_2_soil.html (734 words)

	CHAPTER 3
		Fertile soil was not being washed away, but only those soils which had already lost or were then rapidly losing their fertility were on the move.
		This decay, to all intents and purposes, is fertility.
		The whole body of the fertile soil is teeming with dynamic energy--growth and decay is continuous and simultaneous.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010125yeomans/010125ch3.html (2844 words)

	Talk:Wiki As Fertile Soil - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I have come to the opinion that Wikis are like highly fertile soil.
		First, to make a beautiful garden on a plot of fertile soil requires a vision, a unifying plan of what the garden should be like.
		Second, to make a beautiful garden on a plot of fertile soil requires gardeners who tend with loving care to each little corner, pulling weeds, training vines, planting seeds.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Talk:Wiki_As_Fertile_Soil (195 words)

	IOWA - Portrait of the Land - Soil: A Fertile Filter
		Soils form slowly, in response to the weather, the lay of the land, and the presence of living and decaying organisms.
		These soils vary in how they were formed, their physical structure, their landscape position, their ability to hold water, the plants and animals they support, how easily they erode, and their chemical compositions.
		Instead of leaving the soil anchored in permanent plant cover, we now till and plant the fields, harvest the crops, then often leave the earth exposed to the elements for half the year.
	www.igsb.uiowa.edu /portrait/6soil/Soil.htm (1874 words)

	CHAPTER III
		The higher the life forces within the soil, the greater is the fertility of the soil, and the maximum development that any form of life may attain depends on its living conditions and its food supply.
		Good fertile natural soil was made or developed in a suitable climate by plants growing in the soil, by animals and birds feeding on the growth from the soil, and by the complex of soil life living in the soil and processing the necessary nutrients of plant growth.
		Some species of soil life are distributed by all classes of animals and birds from their rumen glands and organs, and the wider the variety of the stock the more complete and beneficial is the whole complex of soil life.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010126yeomansII/010126ch3.html (4716 words)

	Plants Protected by Fertile Soil
		Since we grow crops for their earnings determined by yields and by nutritional qualities contributed according to the fertility, then if the soil is improved by treatments to bring about these two customarily desired objectives, we may obtain the protection against plant diseases and insects at the same time as a by-product.
		Our knowledge about soils and their fertility management extends over many more years of experience than our knowledge about the myriads of different insects to plague us and all the unheard-of and unnameable chemical poisons coming forth regularly with their claims as ammunition to fight microbes and bugs.
		In using the extra soil fertility for prevention, we will also move forward much more effectively in feed and food production than we shall by dependence on poisons to save crops that are already of low yield and low nutritional values even if saved by victory in a war on the bugs and microbes.
	www.eap.mcgill.ca /SFM_1.htm (3025 words)

	Saving The Planet While Saving The Farm: How soil carbonization could save the planet while it makes farming profitable ...
		The richest soil samples, those with the greatest fertility, were between twenty and forty percent charcoal by volume, and the charcoal was powdered to a fine powder - a few hundred microns was the average particle size.
		Soil infertility caused by intense weathering, and the intensive use of costly chemical fertilizers this makes necessary, is the greatest single problem faced by farmers in tropical and semitropical regions.
		Soil amendments, primarily fertilizer, are by far the greatest single cost that a farmer in the tropics faces.
	www.bidstrup.com /carbon.htm (4889 words)

	Fertilidad de suelos
		Soil has been studied for many years, and today we are well aware that certain factors can damage or threaten its existence, just as others can help to preserve it for future generations.
		Many producers and businessmen and various institutions have become aware of this need for their soils to have sufficient productive potential to produce food, and have resorted to various means and methods to improve and regenerate soils, through the use of science and biotechnology, as well as applying farmers’ knowledge of agriculture and livestock production.
		Bat guano is special in providing the soil with chitin, an organic compound that helps to stabilize soil structure, increase organic matter and form humic acids, which have a direct influence on high soil fertility.
	www.soil-fertility.com (604 words)

	Pioneer Farming Intro
		The term agriculture comes from the Greek word agros meaning "the soil" or "a field." Agriculture begins with the land, and in Iowa the land is very fertile.
		It was on this fertile land that Indian groups planted and harvested their crops.
		It was also this fertile soil that attracted pioneer settlers to the region we now call Iowa.
	www.campsilos.org /mod2 (122 words)

	Organic Landscape - Soil Analysis
		Specialty fertilizers (e.g., lawn food, rose and flower food, vegetable food) are designed to only feed the plant and ignore soil fertility.
		To achieve a fertile soil the manager must first determine what nutrients are in short supply or are out of balance.
		Soil testing is the only effective method to determine the condition of your soil and achieve a fertile living soil that will be able to provide the best environment for your landscape and garden.
	www.organiclandscape.com /soil.htm (453 words)

	Soil Basics - Creating Fertile, Healthy Soil \| Organic Gardening \| GardenZone.info
		Soil allows the growth of food crops which are consumed by humans and also plants used in the creation of medicines.
		For a soil to be fertile it must have nutrients readily available and a pH value at a recommended level for the plants that will reside in it.
		While inorganic fertilizers will work fine they have a number of disadvantages: they release their nutrients too quickly and there is some evidence to show that plants develop a resistance to inorganic fertilizer methods over time, requiring more and more to achieve the same effect.
	www.gardenzone.info /articles/healthy-soil.php (1313 words)

	SOIL
		Soils are most likely to be deficient in one of these nutrients, especially N. In addition to the primary nutrients, soil supplies plants with three secondary nutrients, Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), and S (sulfur), and seven micronutrients: iron, boron, chlorine, manganese, copper, zinc, and molybdenum.
		Soils with less available N will probably yield a larger crop if they are given additional N. Actually, the amount of N that can profitably be used depends on the soil and its potential to produce N as well as on other factors: how fast N is lost, the soil depth, and moisture content.
		Soil is sometimes treated with manganese sulfate at the rate of 20 to 100 lbs per acre.
	users.lycaeum.org /~sky/data/grow/c13.html (12143 words)

	SOIL CHARACTERISTIC COMPARISONS OF A NEOTROPICAL RAIN FOREST
		Soils of a neotropical rain forest are continuously washed by rain as long as the soil has existed, yet it still contains nutrients for plant growth, allowing many areas to remain fertile grounds for vegetative growth.
		Important as well for formation of fertile soil are the influences of the local climate, canopy cover, topographic position of the area, the amount of vegetative matter in the area, and most importantly, the parent soil material and age of the soil.
		The type of soil areas studied at La Selva were volcanic soils from three previous lava flows, indicative of Andesitic and Basaltic rocks, the alluvial terraces, and the marshy depressions containing clays and depositions from the V-shaped valleys.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/esi/2001/CostaRica/la_selva3/soils (884 words)

	Dimensions of need - The soil
		Porous loamy soils are the richest of all, laced with organic matter which retains water and provides the nutrients needed by crops.
		Sand and clay soils tend to have less organic matter and have drainage problems: sand is very porous and clay is impermeable.
		When fertilizer levels correspond to the needs of specific soils and crops and the structure of soil is conserved, yields can be sustained indefinitely.
	www.fao.org /docrep/u8480e/U8480E0b.htm (869 words)

	Organic Matter in Soil \| NRCS
		The golden rule of gardening says, "If you treat your soil well, it will treat your plants well." Healthy, fertile soil is a mixture of water, air, minerals, and organic matter.
		In soil, organic matter consists of plant and animal material that is in the process of decomposing.
		Ideal soil has a granular, crumbly structure that allows water to drain through it, and allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to move freely between spaces within the soil and the air above.
	www.nrcs.usda.gov /feature/backyard/orgmtrsl.html (402 words)

	Fertile Soil ; A Grower’s Guide to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
		One of the workshop’s main objectives was to compare experiences from successful soil and water conservation projects on steep lands as a mean of determining the common principles involved that might be applied worldwide.
		Topics include the soil macro and microorganism populations, humus formation, the importance of organic matter, soil chemistry and fertility, trouble shooting, and ideas on how to manage diversity for increasing soil health.
		Soil quality attributes were greater under annual cropping than under crop-fallow and improved as tillage intensity decreased.
	www.des.ucdavis.edu /IAD217/soil_resource_kit_99.html (1941 words)

	USDA Agricultural Research Service
		Fertilizers differ in their amounts of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
		Wait for the soil to settle and measure the pH of the water.
		Take a sample of fertile soil from a field or garden and divide it into two portions.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/kids/fair/ideas.htm (884 words)

	Recipe for Fertile Soil - Daily Feature
		Let's face it, the wonders of soil composition and chemistry are not exactly a turn-on for most casual gardeners.
		You'll notice that most fertilizers list the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium respectively by their ratios, i.e., 10-20-10 or 10 parts nitrogen to 20 parts phosphorous...
		Starting with nitrogen, you won't get a reading on it from your soil analysis because it doesn't persist in the soil long enough to be measured.
	www.ahahome.com /non/articles/00/111600.html (433 words)

	fertile - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Fertilize is 1648; its biological sense of "unite with an egg cell" is first recorded 1859.
		Fertile Crescent (1914) was coined by U.S. archaeologist James H. Breasted (1865-1935).
		Fertilizer as a euphemism for "manure" is from 1846.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/fertile (448 words)

	Amazonian terra preta can transform poor soil into fertile
		Scientists have a method to reproduce this soil -- known as terra preta, or Amazonian dark earths -- and say it can pull substantial amounts of carbon out of the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, helping to prevent global warming.
		Lehmann, who studies bio-char and is the first author of the 2003 book "Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin, Properties, Management," the first comprehensive overview of the fl soil, said that the super-fertile soil was produced thousands of years ago by indigenous populations using slash-and-char methods instead of slash-and-burn.
		Applying the knowledge of terra preta to contemporary soil management also can reduce environmental pollution by decreasing the amount of fertilizer needed, because the bio-char helps retain nitrogen in the soil as well as higher levels of plant-available phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and organic matter.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-02/cuns-atp021606.php (508 words)

	Building Fertile Soil
		Leaving the soil bare shuts off the carbohydrate food supply; lack of moisture and ultraviolet rays kill some of the organisms that dwell in the surface layer.
		If the soil is too firm, Weil pulls an old meat hook or curved crowbar through it like a single tine on a harrow; the zone of disturbed soil need be only a couple of inches wide.
		Elaine Ingham, president of Soil Foodweb Inc., a firm that specializes in growing plants without pesticides and inorganic fertilizer, says the best way to manage a healthy microbial ecosystem in a home garden is to routinely apply organic material such as compost.
	www.motherearthnews.com /Livestock-and-Farming/2003-06-01/Building-Fertile-Soil.aspx (3786 words)

	Fertile Soil
		Living on the Earth, May 9, 1997: Fertile Soil Fertile soil is one of the most essential elements for life on Earth.
		Plants send their roots through the soil, sometimes many feet down, opening up additional passageways, bringing up fresh minerals from the deeper layers of soil, and creating a zone of extraordinary biological activity, the rhizosphere, around each root.
		Chemical fertilizers are harsh materials which tend to make the soil more acid, and destroy organic matter.
	www.ibiblio.org /london/permaculture/mailarchives/sanet2/temp/msg00688.html (770 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Biology : Soil
		Soil needs to be a mixture of all three types of particles.
		Soil crumbs are rich in minerals and they improve the drainage of the soil.
		Soil crumbs also allow more air to circulate through the soil.
	www.saburchill.com /chapters/chap0057.html (308 words)

	Soil Formation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The components of soil are transported by wind, waves, water, and glaciers.
		In the soil living organisms called decomposers produce acids that help to break down rocks and organic matter.
		Geologists classify soil according to its composition and the region in which it was formed.
	www.pusd.info /teachers/tdowns/earthscience/erosion/SoilFormation/soil.htm (219 words)

	Fertile Soil (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fertile Soil In A Barren Land: A Desert Odyssey For The...
		Cultivation: Plant in fertile soil in full sun to partial shade.
		Planted in a sunny spot in fertile soil, it will grow bigger and stronger each year.
	www.growinglifestyle.com /us/j4658708 (414 words)

	Fertility And Your Fertile Soil by Laurie Morse, L.Ac. - ArticleCity.com
		Fertility And Your Fertile Soil by Laurie Morse, L.Ac.
		Either our fertility switch is ‘on’ or ‘off.’ No woman purposely turns her fertility switch off, but, unknowingly, she could be making choices, day after day, that are preventing optimal and fertile soil.
		Start where you’re at and begin making the best choices you can in order to fertilize your soil in such a way that pregnancy and healthy birth are a natural outcome.
	www.articlecity.com /articles/women/article_2031.shtml (1080 words)

	Fertile Soil \| Room Eight
		There is no better example of a fertile spot on the planet than the borough I live in and the street I live on: St. John’s Place.
		My neighborhood is fertile in every sense, from the robust thickly trunked trees that line the street, to the children from all nations who bounce off the sidewalks with energy and talent.
		Yet, we have the greatest soil, and from the Caribbean, and Latin America, and Asia, and Eastern Europe and Africa the wisdom of civilizations built on the power of agriculture.
	www.r8ny.com /blog/bill_batson/fertile_soil.html (2911 words)

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