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Topic: Soil moisture

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	Soil moisture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soil moisture may be measured in situ with different instrument, such as Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), neutron probe, capacitance probe, etc. In the laboratory, it is measured gravimetrically; by weighing the moist volume of soil, drying it, and then weighing it again.
		Conditions where soil is too dry to maintain reliable plant growth is referred to as agricultural drought, and is a particular focus of irrigation management.
		Soil moisture is more generally considered within the context of hydrology, where it represents the immediate store of infiltrating rainfall, before it either evapotranspires or contributes to groundwater recharge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil_moisture (309 words)

	Soil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soil is the material on the surface of a lithosphere subject to weathering, and especially the earthy portion of that material.
		Soil occupies the pedosphere, one of Earth's spheres that the geosciences use to conceptually organise the Earth.
		Soil classification is a contentious subject, from the structure of the classification system itself, to the definitions of classes and types, and finally in the application in the field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil (3972 words)

	Soil moisture: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Soil is the layer of minerals and organic matter, in thickness from centimetres to a metre or more, on the land surface....
		Soil moisture is the ratio of the volume of air to the volume of water, EHandler: no quick summary.
		A tensiometer is a device used to determine soil moisture tension, an indirect measure of soil moisture content....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/soil_moisture.htm (748 words)

	corn production
		It involves using a soil probe to obtain a soil sample from a certain depth in the root zone, then determining the amount of soil moisture by squeezing the soil in the palm of your hand.
		Soil moisture measurements must be made two or three times during the week and at several locations in the field.
		The checkbook method is a soil moisture accounting method which uses daily corn water use values and the soil water-holding capacity to predict the time and amount of water needed to replenish what has been removed from the root zone since the last irrigation or rain.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops/a1130-8.htm (2561 words)

	Soil, Water and Plant Characteristics Important to Irrigation
		In most soils, the largest proportion of particles are mineral and are referred to as "mineral soils." For mineral soils, the texture is based on the relative proportion of the particles under 2 millimeters (mm) or 5/64th of an inch in size.
		A soil series is unique because of a combination of properties such as texture, structure, topographic position (on the side of a hill or in a valley) or depth to the water table.
		One bar of soil moisture tension is nearly equivalent to -1 atmosphere of pressure (1 atmosphere of pressure is equal to 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level).
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/ageng/irrigate/eb66w.htm (5501 words)

	Soil Moisture Status in NASIS \| NRCS Soils
		Soil moisture status and temperature are recorded observations or estimates to allow placement of soils into soil moisture and temperature regimes.
		For example, some soils in an ustic soil moisture regime receive adequate spring moisture for crop production, while other soils in an ustic soil moisture regime are dry in the spring and are used as rangeland.
		For the part of the soil below the water table, a soil moisture status of wet was entered for the zone extending to the bottom of the soil.
	soils.usda.gov /technical/technotes/note1.html (887 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Soil
		Soil is "the collection of natural bodies in the earth's sic surface, in places modified or even made by man of earthy materials, containing living matter and supporting or capable of supporting plants out-of-doors.
		Soil includes the horizons near the surface that differ from the underlying rock material as a result of interactions, through time, of climate, living organisms, parent materials, and relief.
		Minerals (also called parent matericals) in soil are obtained from a variety of sources, but the process which delivers the bulk is weathering of rocks.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Soil (1069 words)

	SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING DEVICES
		Soil texture varied from clay loam to loamy sand and at one site there was a textural discontinuity at 60 cm with the sandy loam overlying clay loam to clay-textured soil.
		Upon auguring and assessing soil moisture by hand feel method, it was determined that the soil moisture was in fact wetter/dryer between the neutron probe access tube location and that of the other sensor.
		Weekly available soil moisture percentages were converted to natural log form and the slope of the regression line between the neutron probe and soil moisture sensor readings were calculated and compared (Figure 7).
	www.aquapro-sensors.com /Independant-Tests.htm (2676 words)

	KST Soil Moisture Regimes
		The limits of the soil moisture control section are affected not only by the particle-size class but also by differences in soil structure or pore-size distribution or by other factors that influence the movement and retention of water in the soil.
		The soil moisture regimes are defined in terms of the level of ground water and in terms of the seasonal presence or absence of water held at a tension of less than 1500 kPa in the moisture control section.
		The aquic (L. aqua, water) moisture regime is a reducing regime in a soil that is virtually free of dissolved oxygen because it is saturated by water.
	www.itc.nl /~rossiter/research/nsm/nsm_SMR.html (1564 words)

	Soil Moisture/Drainage Help Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Soil moisture is a general measure of the water content of the soil, while drainage refers to the ability of the substrate to hold or disperse this water.
		The moisture level of your soil is a function of its sun exposure, organic matter composition, soil particle size and frequency of irrigation or precipitation.
		Soil moisture and drainage are interrelated, and this database utilizes the three most common combinations.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /plants/help/soilmd/soilmd.htm (341 words)

	Estimating Soil Moisture
		Soil moisture conditions can be estimated, with experience, to an accuracy of about 5 percent.
		Soil moisture is typically sampled in 1-foot increments to the root depth of the crop at three or more sites per field.
		Observing soil texture, ability to ribbon, firmness and surface roughness of ball, water glistening, loose soil particles, soil/water staining on fingers, and soil color.
	www.oneplan.org /Water/soil-moisture1.shtml (351 words)

	Vermont Soil Moisture
		Soil moisture was also measured at the Horticulture Research Center in South Burlington in a Windsor sandy loam soil.
		Moisture was measured at various depths using an AquaPro Soil Moisture Sensor (AquaPro Sensors, Reno, Nevada), a commonly used instrument in irrigation management.
		In comparing percent moisture at a 6 inch depth (the depth at which many perennial plant roots exist) at all four locations, we noticed that the two locations in perennial beds maintained a consistently higher soil moisture content than the locations under trees, as you might expect.
	pss.uvm.edu /ppp/soilmoisttxt.htm (1048 words)

	Estimating Soil Moisture
		Soil moisture can be estimated by feel and appearance of the soil.
		The ability of the soil to withdraw water from the tensiometer increases continuously as a soil dries.
		When the blocks are placed in contact with the soil, the moisture content of the gypsum block tends to equal the moisture content of the soil.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/04700.html (1064 words)

	Climate Prediction Center - Monitoring & Data: United States Soil Moisture Monitoring
		Soil Moisture - A series of maps showing most recent day, monthly and 12 months calculated soil moisture, anomalies and percentiles; and a soil moisture and soil wetness climatology plus a
		changes in calculated soil moisture anomalies (millimeters) animated loop from January 1998 to the present.
		Download data - to down load the historical monthly soil moisture data and the daily soil moisture data of this year.
	www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov /soilmst (312 words)

	Soil Moisture Blocks and Resistance Meters
		Soil moisture blocks are installed after crop emergence and are buried in the root zone soil profile.
		One of the most commonly used soil moisture monitoring tools is the moisture block used with a conductance meter.
		Moisture blocks help the irrigator determine what is occurring in the root zone soil moisture profile and see from what depth his crop is extracting moisture, as well as, how much moisture is being extracted.
	sanangelo.tamu.edu /agronomy/sorghum/eblock.htm (746 words)

	M. K. Hansen Company
		When more detailed analysis of soil moisture data is required, ten months of soil moisture and temperature readings can be downloaded to a notebook computer or PDA.
		Soil moisture is expressed in terms of soil tension which is the negative pressure in centibars required to extract moisture from the soil.
		This is the current soil temperature reading in degrees C obtained from the temperature correction thermistor assigned to this moisture sensor.
	www.mkhansen.com (563 words)

	SMX: soil moisture transmitter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This device is buried in intimate contact with soil, and reaches an equilibrium with the soil moisture.
		The Watermark formulation claims to have a wider range of response and a longer field life and is especially suited for the range of soil moisture typically encountered in agriculture.
		The soil moisture sensor is intrinsically grounded at the point where it is buried.
	www.emesystems.com /smx.htm (3026 words)

	Monitoring Temporal Soil Moisture Variability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Studies have shown that soil moisture is the basic link between the hydrologic cycle and the energy budget of land surfaces (Houser, 1996).
		In semiarid rangelands, soil moisture is a major control of evapotranspiration and a significant factor in runoff generation.
		After installation, soil moisture values calculated from laboratory determined calibration coefficients were excessive, indicating an incompatibility between in situ and laboratory calibrations.
	tucson.ars.ag.gov /salsa/archive/publications/ams_preprints/hymer.html (1305 words)

	Granular Matrix Sensors
		The soil water potential is of direct importance to plants because it is the force necessary to remove water from the soil.
		Soil water potential is usually expressed in centibars, cb, or kilo Pascals, kPa.
		For example a "soil water tension" of 20 cb would be a "soil water potential" of -20 cb.
	www.cropinfo.net /granular.htm (1132 words)

	CHINESE SOIL MOISTURE DATA
		Soil moisture observations were taken using the gravimetric technique for each 10-cm layer down to a depth of 1 m, with the first layer divided into two 5-cm layers.
		For users who are interested in plant available soil moisture, we also provided wilting level data corresponding to each soil layer.
		Wilting levels corresponding to each soil layer and top 1m of the soil are in the file 19yrchina_wilt.dat.
	climate.envsci.rutgers.edu /soil_moisture/19yrchina.htm (560 words)

	Gravimetric Soil Moisture Protocol
		Soil moisture increases after precipitation, and the amount of this increase depends on many factors.
		Soil moisture decreases under dry, sunny conditions, and the rate of soil drying also depends on many factors.
		Classify your Soil Moisture Study Site as instructed in the Land Cover/Biology Investigation and report the Level 4 MUC code and landcover name.
	www.hwr.arizona.edu /globe/globe3/SMGrav.html (1125 words)

	Lack of Soil Moisture Causes Planting Dilemma
		However, moisture is not normal in most of the state this year due to exceptionally hot dry weather since the last week of May.
		If soil moisture is down five inches or deeper, planting deep may only provide enough moisture for germination.
		Some varieties with a longer first leaf that pushes through the soil may be planted deeper, as deep as three inches, says Phil Bruckner, MSU winter wheat breeder, but those varieties have not been tested under Montana drought conditions.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/ag/drought.html (1132 words)

	Amazon.com: 24MM Soil Moisture Meter 24" Probe: Tools & Hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Soil moisture meters, the scientific way to water.
		As a Plant Science professsional, knowing soil moisture is very important to me working with turf, landscapes,etc. This "probe" is very handy and helpful in my work.
		It does basically measure "conductivity," so you have to keep this in mind when using it, but it is well made and does the job nicely.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0007LSAZ4?v=glance (320 words)

	Soil Moisture Model
		A model to compute soil moisture was developed using the ESTAR (Electronically Steered Thin Arrary Radiometer) microwave radiometer.
		The radiometer is able to sense changes in the temperature of the soil (Brightness Temperature, or TB).
		Compute soil moisture using a dielectric mixing model and soil texture
	hydrolab.arsusda.gov /RSatBARC/soilmoisture.html (117 words)

	Soil Moisture Meter - Compare Prices, Reviews and Buy at NexTag - Price - Review
		Soil Moisture Meter and Dual pH / Moisture Meter
		Rapidtest Moisture Meter Instantly reads how much moisture is in the soil.
		Perch the hand painted ceramic bird in a potted plant and the moisture-sensing probe will set the bird to song when the soil is dry.
	www.nextag.com /soil-moisture-meter/search-html (302 words)

	Soil Moisture Conditions
		Monitors shorter-term (days) soil moisture variations (top 5 feet)
		Soil Moisture and Outlook for U.S. Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies initial mModel conditions and predicted 14-day change in soil moisture
		Please note: Soil moisture indices may be misleading in winter because they may not adequately
	www.nws.noaa.gov /oh/hic/current/soils.shtml (98 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Soil Moisture Maps
		NASA and partnering agencies are going to provide United States Bureau of Reclamation water resource managers with high resolution satellite data, allowing them to analyze up-to-date water-related information over large areas all at once.
		Land Surface Models and satellite data from NASA and others can be used to determine snowpack, amounts of soil moisture, and the loss of water into the atmosphere from plants and the soil.
		Dry soils are brown, while blue soil are moist.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16290 (168 words)

	Grounds Maintenance \| How to care for your lawn, landscape, turf, grass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jun 12, 2006 2:29 PM In order to help its distributors and their customers develop more cost-efficient and effective soil solutions, Profile Products LLC unveiled a reengineered and redesigned Web site at www.profileproducts.com...
		Jun 5, 2006 10:00 AM Curfew soil fumigant now making it available for use on golf course fairways...
		May 26, 2006 1:57 PM The Irrigation Association's (IA) message that irrigation is part of the solution on water issues is beginning to resonate on Capitol Hill...
	grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_measuring_soil_moisture/ind... (978 words)

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