Soil texture - Factbites

Soil texture - Factbites
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Topic: Soil texture

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	VAM Abstracts
		The effect of soil moisture, soil texture and temperature on the efficacy of mycorrhizal fungi is discussed, with particular reference to tree nurseries.
		The effects of soil texture and types on vesicular_arbuscular mycorrhizal and on ectomycorrhizal fungi are outlined.
		Sujan Singh, Singh S. Effect of edaphic and climatic factors on the development of mycorrhiza in tree nurseries (part I): effect of soil moisture, soil texture, and temperature.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /H2O/vasuja1.htm

	Step-by-step guide: Texture
		Soil texture depends on the amount of each size of particle in the soil.
		The way a soil "feels" is called the soil texture.
	ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov /globe/pvg/texture1.htm

	Untitled Document
		The texture (particle-size distribution) of the soil is often inherited from the rock; for example, sandstones form sandy soils, shales and mudrocks form clay soils.
		These vary so much in terms of their chemistry (rhyolite, andesite, basalt) and texture (crystalline lava, volcanic ash, pumice etc.) that it is impossible to generalise about soil formation.
		The texture of river alluvium depends very much on the speed of flow of the river – slow-flowing rivers tend to deposit silt or clay while fast-flowing rivers remove small particles and leave behind sand or gravel.
	www.royagcol.ac.uk /soils/book/p5.htm (585 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		The length of the soil bridge (3, 6, or 9 cm) and the texture of the soil (1:2, 1:1, or 2:1 soil/sand) were varied.
		The advance of the hyphal front was estimated by timing colonization in the receiver plants.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/1991/91_camel.htm (585 words)

	Soil Qualities Lab - UWSP Geography 101
		Soil texture is the proportional mixture of different particle size groups of mineral fragments, with size usually expressed as average particle diameter.
		Finally, soil moisture (water in the soil) and infiltration capacity (the ability of water to seep into the soil) are functions of texture.
		Intrazonal gley soils are typical of permafrost and coastal lowland bogs where highly acidic waters inhibit decomposition so as to accumulate peat.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/heywood/geog101/labs/Soil/Soil.htm (2020 words)

	SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
		Determination of Soil Texture in the Field: booklet from the University of Florida by R.B. Brown to assist in the determination of soil texture in the field using the touch test.
		Assumption: The particle density of this soil is 2.65 g/cm³.
		soil structure type - A classification of soil structure based on the shape of the aggregates or peds in the profile.
	www.cst.cmich.edu /users/Franc1m/esc334/lectures/physical.htm (1639 words)

	Soil Type
		Vertisols (verto, reversed) are mineral soils that have most dark-gray in color, clay in texture, and clay content of 30% at the all horizon from surface to a 50 cm-dept. The dominant factors affecting their formation are climate especially dry climate, and soil rocks that are rich with bases.
		Spodosols (spodos, wooden gray) are soils that have sandy loam- texture and are formed mainly from sandy sediments.
		Andisols (ando, black soils) are soils that have dark in color especially at their upper layer.
	www.soil-climate.or.id /soil_type.htm (679 words)

	TRB 4:3 - Investigation 6 - Soil Profile
		Soil texture depends on the amount of each size of particle in the soil.
		Soil Shake Activity as follows: The way a soil “feels” is called the soil texture.
		Review with students what they observed in their soil samples in the activity "What is in Soil?" Tell them that is the kind of soil found on top.
	www.uen.org /Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=9876 (870 words)

	Nitrogen Availability through a Coarse-Textured Soil Profile in the Shortgrass Steppe -- Dodd et al. 64 (1): 391 -- Soil Science Society of America Journal
		Kinraide T.B. The influence of soil texture on the vegetation of a grazed, short-grass prairie in Colorado.
		Dodd M.B., Lauenroth W.K. The influence of soil texture on the soil water dynamics and vegetation structure of a shortgrass steppe ecosystem.
		soil N occurred in the uppermost 10 cm of the soil profile (Fig.
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/391 (5712 words)

	FAO/AGL - World Reference Base for Soil Resources - Classification Key
		Other soils having a mollic horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less if the texture is finer than sandy loam, or less than 3.5 if the texture is sandy loam or coarser, both to a depth of at least 20 cm, or having these chromas directly below any plough layer
		a mass of granules ("grumic"), or if the soil is cultivated while cracks are open, the cracks may be filled mainly by granular materials from the soil surface but they are open in the sense that the polyhedrons are separated.
		If the soil is irrigated the upper 50 cm has a coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) of 0.06 or more throughout.
	www.fao.org /ag/agl/agll/wrb/newkey.stm (5712 words)

	Soil Classification
		The USDA classifies soils into twelve types (called "textures"), based on their relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay; since these three percentages total 100, any soil sample can be plotted on a ternary graph: an equilateral triangle whose apexes represent pure sand, pure silt, and pure clay.
		I represent each texture by an instance of PolygonMorph; since a PolygonMorph can tell whether any specified point is within its boundry, I can classify any soil sample by asking each texture in turn "does this soil sample belong to you?"
		Our Soil Classification app lets the user enter a project number, and then enter data for one or more soil samples associated with that project.
	home.netcom.com /~lnp/soilclass.html (5712 words)

	About the CD-ROM
		Each soil horizon was allocated to one of 11 possible soil textural/pedological classes derived from the 6 FAO texture classes (5 mineral and 1 organic) and the two pedological classes (topsoil and subsoil) recognised within the 1:1,000,000 scale Soil Geographical Data Base of Europe.
		Besides the soil names they represent, these units are described by variables (attributes) specifying the nature and properties of the soils: for example the texture, the water regime, the stoniness, etc. The geographical representation was chosen at a scale corresponding to the 1:1,000,000.
		The methodology used to differentiate and name the main soil types is based on the terminology of the F.A.O. legend for the Soil Map of the World at Scale 1:5,000,000.
	eusoils.jrc.it /esdb_intro.html (5712 words)

	Improving Soils For Vegetable Gardening, HYG-1602-92
		Soil texture and structure can be modified by using soil conditioners.
		Soil conditioners act to improve soil aeration, drainage, moisture-holding capacity and tilth, or workability, of the soil.
		Clay soils tend to form a hard crust after a heavy rain and become so compacted that the plant's root system is deprived of essential oxygen required for growth.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/1000/1602.html (1021 words)

	Sabine Grunwald
		Soil texture influences the soil moisture content, where assumed the same climatic conditions, sandy soils have the tendency for low soil moisture content, silty soils for average soil moisture contents, and clayey soils for high soil moisture contents.
		When soil moisture is high, as in wet or humid climates, there is a net downward movement of water in the soil for most of the year, which usually results in greater leaching of soluble materials, sometimes out of the soil entirely, and the translocation of clay particles from upper to lower horizons.
		Thus, at the top of the slope, the soils tend to be freely drained with the water table at considerable depth, whereas the soils at the backslopes and footslopes are poorly drained, with the water table near or at the soil surface.
	grunwald.ifas.ufl.edu /Nat_resources/soil_forming_factors/formation.htm (4269 words)

	Soil - EnchantedLearning.com
		Types of Soil: There are many different types of soils, and each one has unique characteristics, like color, texture, structure, and mineral content.
		Soil Formation: Soil is formed slowly as rock (the parent material) erodes into tiny pieces near the Earth's surface.
		Soil Horizons (layers): Soil is made up of distinct horizontal layers; these layers are called horizons.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /geology/soil (420 words)

	Soil
		Horse manure is considered the premier soil texture improver in the arsenal of the organic farmer.
		Adequate mixing of the slurry of Calgon and soil particles is critical to separating all of the clusters.
		Because soil particles (sand, silt, and clay) are composed of iron sulfides, most soils have plenty of sulfur and weather out plenty of sulfate for plants to grow just fine.
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /Plants_Human/soil.html (6538 words)

	Soil Classification and Soil Formation
		Soils are classified based on their parent material, texture, structure, and profile.
		Soils that form under coniferous forests tend to be more acidic than those under deciduous forests, and root action is also critical in soil formation.
		Soils generally have a harder time forming on steep slopes, due to runoff of soil particles during rain events.
	bioag.byu.edu /aghort/aghort100/classif.htm (6538 words)

	formation
		Soil texture influences the soil moisture content, where assumed the same climatic conditions, sandy soils have the tendency for low soil moisture content, silty soils for average soil moisture contents, and clayey soils for high soil moisture contents.
		Thus, at the top of the slope, the soils tend to be freely drained with the water table at considerable depth, whereas the soils at the backslopes and footslopes are poorly drained, with the water table near or at the soil surface.
		When soil moisture is high, as in wet or humid climates, there is a net downward movement of water in the soil for most of the year, which usually results in greater leaching of soluble materials, sometimes out of the soil entirely, and the translocation of clay particles from upper to lower horizons.
	grunwald.ifas.ufl.edu /Nat_resources/soil_forming_factors/formation.htm (4269 words)

	Soil type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In terms of soil texture, Soil type usually refers to the different sizes of mineral particles in a particular sample.
		Soil is made up in part of finely ground rock particles, grouped according to size as sand, silt, and clay.
		However, "soil type" in the broader sense refers to a pedological classification of the natural (or human-influenced) soil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soil_types (249 words)

	A Soil Profile NRCS Soils
		Soil horizons differ in a number of easily seen soil properties such as color, texture, structure, and thickness.
		Soil scientists, who are also called pedologists, observe and describe soil profiles and soil horizons to classify and interpret the soil for various uses.
		Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons.
	soils.usda.gov /education/resources/k_12/lessons/profile (360 words)

	GTOS :: TEMS database
		Soil moisture is a function of precipitation, soil texture, porosity and the rate of moisture withdrawal from the soil (water uptake by plants and evapotranspiration from them, which in turn is controlled by stomatal opening, relative humidity and wind).
		Soil moisture is the integrator of surface and sub-surface water fluxes and is thus the key diagnostic variable for surface water budgets.
		Soil moisture has been shown to be a critical component of temperature and precipitation forecasts.
	www.fao.org /gtos/tems/variable_show.jsp?VARIABLE_ID=105 (360 words)

	Soil pH
		Soils of good texture must be made and unfortunately the best amendments, such as compost, aged manures and redwood forest mulch, must be purchased.
		Soils west of the Mississippi tend to be alkaline and require annual additions of soil sulfur to lower the pH.
		Soil pH can be tested using several of our pH meters located in the measurement section of our catalog.
	www.frostproof.com /soilph.html (1558 words)

	formation
		Soil texture influences the soil moisture content, where assumed the same climatic conditions, sandy soils have the tendency for low soil moisture content, silty soils for average soil moisture contents, and clayey soils for high soil moisture contents.
		Soil may form directly by the weathering of consolidated rock in situ (a residual soil), saprolite (weathered rock), or it may develop on superficial deposits, which may have been transported by ice, water, wind or gravity.
		In the book by Jenny (1941) 'Factors of Soil Formation' it was presented an hypothesis that drew together many of the current ideas on soil formation, the inspiration for which was owned much to the earlier studies of Dokuchaev and the Russian school.
	grunwald.ifas.ufl.edu /Nat_resources/soil_forming_factors/formation.htm (1558 words)

	Lasting Forests Appendix: Glossary - S
		Soils which have similar soil profile characteristics (except for texture of the surface portion); and which are derived from similar parent materials are grouped together in a "soil series".
		Soil great groups are subdivided into subgroups that (1) show the central properties of the great group or (2) intergrade subgroups that show properties of more than one great group or (3) other subgroups for soils with atypical properties that are not characteristic of any great group.
		It includes the surface soil (horizon A), the subsoil (horizon B) and the upper portion of the substratum (horizon C) to the extent that it is penetrated by plant and tree roots.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /rhgiles/Appendices/glosss.htm (13573 words)

	soil glossary
		Soil Amendment/Soil Conditioner: Soil additive which stabilizes the soil, improves resistance to erosion, increases permeability to air and water, improves texture and resistance of the surface to crusting, eases cultivation or otherwise improves soil quality.
		Soil Anisotropy: The occurrence of a vertical horizon sequence in soils causes vertical anisotropy to be an essential characteristic.
		Gleyed: A soil condition resulting from gleizaion which is manifested by the presence of neutral grey, bluish or greenish colors through the soil matrix or in mottles (spots or streaks) among other colors.
	soilslab.cfr.washington.edu /S-7/soilglossary.html (10934 words)

	Chesapeake Bay Foundation - Save the Bay: Soil Erosion: Simple Ways to Save the Chesapeake Bay
		The texture of the soil and its potential for absorbing water, the steepness of the slope, and the adequacy of protective cover on the soil are all factors that influence the extent of erosion.
		Erosion is when rain and moving surface water dislodge and carry soil particles, organic matter, and plant nutrients.
		Use erosion control matting or straw mulch to protect soil from erosion until vegetation is established.
	www.cbf.org /site/PageServer?pagename=action_simple_ways_soil (469 words)

	G9111 Using Your Soil Test Results, MU Extension
		Suppose the soil test is 250 pounds of potassium per acre and the optimal soil test level is 300 pounds of potassium per acre (based on soil texture and CEC).
		The CEC on the soil test report is a calculation of the exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and hydrogen measured by the soil tests.
		Suppose the soil test is 20 pounds of P, and your yield goal is 150 bushels of corn an acre.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/soils/g09111.htm (2541 words)

	ICS's water management solutions for arid and semi-arid regions
		Soil structure and soil texture also have an impact on water infiltration rate and thus on water management efficiency: water losses from evaporation or runoff are either reduced or increased when soil structure is modified.
		Among the different environmental characteristics, soil structure is often neglected, although it has a strong impact on water and nutrient access and uptake by the crop.
		Since soil structure has a strong impact on cover functioning and water infiltration, it must be properly characterized.
	www.ics-agri.com /soil-structure.htm (653 words)

	Improving Clay Soils
		Soil texture -- The textural designation of a soil is determined by its relative portions of sand, silt, and clay particles, and indicates which of the three most influence the soil's properties.
		Soil structure is defined by the manner in which soil particles are assembled as aggregates.
		Whether your soil has more or less clay than mine, so long as you understand what you're working with and keep at it over the years, adding organic matter and treating the soil structure right, you can get the better of clay soils and enjoy a productive kitchen garden.
	www.taunton.com /finegardening/pages/g00012.asp (1059 words)

	Soil Structure
		Soil structure is often more important than the texture to the farmer.
		The arrangement of soil particles into groups or aggregates determines the "structure." A single mass or cluster of soil consisting of many soil particles held together in a particular way imparts particular physical characteristics to the soil, such as a clod, prism, crumb or granule.
		Soil structure can be changed to produce improved soil conditions for maximum yield and profits.
	www.agcentral.com /imcdemo/03Soil/03-06.htm (84 words)

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