Solar cycle (calendar)

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Topic: Solar cycle (calendar)

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	Japanese calendar
		The lunar calendars were based on the cycle of the moon, resulting in years of twelve months of 29 or 30 days (the moon takes about 29 1/2 days to circle the earth), and an occasional 13th month to even out the discrepancy to the solar cycle of 365 1/4 days, i.e.
		Another aspect of the lunar calendar that survives into modern Japan as a kind of superstition, is the subdivision of the calendar into six days (rokuyo), similar to the subdivision of the modern calendar into seven weekdays.
		With the year 1873, the Gregorian calendar was introduced to Japan.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2272.html (305 words)

	Simon Woodside Greek Acculturation of the Julian Solar Calendar
		Using the Greek and Egyptian knowledge of calendars, he undertook to reform the republican calendar into a solar calendar with 365 1/4 days that incorporated the leap year first proposed in the Decree of Canopus and rejected in Egypt.
		The effects of Greek acculturation on the Julian solar calendar
		There are two basic events that people use calendars to measure: the cycle of the moon and the cycle of the seasons.
	simonwoodside.com /writings/GreekJulianAcculturation.html (2293 words)

	Jewish Calendar - Hebrew Calendar
		As just mentioned, the Hebrew calendar goes by a 19-year cycle that includes leap years in the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of the cycle, meaning in those years, an extra month is added to the Jewish calendar to keep it aligned with the solar calendar.
		An additional reason for aligning the lunar year with the solar year is that the biblical festivals are connected to the agricultural seasons of the 365-day solar year, so the difference of 11 days between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar has to be made up.
		The seasons and years in a purely tropical or solar calendar are usually tied to astronomical systems and begin at or near a fixed point in a season such as the vernal equinox.
	www.angelfire.com /pa2/passover/jewish-calendar-hebrew.html (5744 words)

	Western-Chinese Calendar Converter
		The Chinese agricultural calendar is also partially solar though because 7 times in a 19 year cycle, an extra leap month (runyue) is be added to the year to bring it back into line with the longer solar year.
		This calendar, based upon the length of the Earth's revolution around the Sun (and hence called a solar calendar) was instituted in October 15, 1582 AD by Pope Gregory XIII as a reform to the previously used Julian calendar.
		The traditional Chinese agricultural calendar is primarily lunar, in that the lunar cycle (a lunation) between new moons is a principle part of the calendar.
	www.mandarintools.com /calconv_old.html (1270 words)

	Calendars
		For a lunar calendar adjusting to the solar year, the best approximations (by continued fractions) to the difference between twelve synodic months and the tropical year would be to add one month every three years, three every eight, four every eleven, seven every nineteen, or 123 every 334.
		While the religious Islâmic calendar is of course used in Irân, the ancient solar calendar also continues to be used as a civil calendar.
		The solar side thus must be corrected by modifying the 19 year cycle, most conveniently by delaying an intercalation every 342 years (18 cycles).
	www.friesian.com /calendar.htm (8375 words)

	Iranian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, before work on the new calendar was completed, Muslim Arabs overthrew the dynasty in the 7th century and with their victory, a new lunar calendar based on Islamic principles replaced the old solar calendar of the Sassanid period.
		The Iranian calendar year begins on the midnight between the two consecutive solar noons which include the instant of the Northern spring equinox, when the sun enters the northern hemisphere; in other words, the start of Spring in the northern hemisphere.
		This general picture of the Persian calendar's leap-year behaviour contrasts with less accurate predictive algorithms which are based on confusion between the astronomers average tropical year (365.2422 days, approximated with near 128-year cycles or 2820-year great cycles) and the mean interval between spring equinoxes (365.2424 days, approximated with a near 33-year cycle).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_calendar (2148 words)

	MSN Encarta - Calendar
		The Greeks were the first to intercalate extra months into the calendar on a scientific basis, adding months at specific intervals in a cycle of solar years.
		Calendar divisions are based on the movements of the earth and the regular appearances of the sun and the moon.
		The variations among the many calendars in use from ancient to modern times have been caused by the inaccuracy of the earliest determinations of the duration of the year, together with the fact that a year cannot be divided evenly by any of the other time units: days, weeks, or months.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560321/Calendar.html (1244 words)

	Judaism 101: Jewish Calendar
		This calendar, still in use, standardized the length of months and the addition of months over the course of a 19 year cycle, so that the lunar calendar realigns with the solar years.
		The months on such a calendar "drift" relative to the solar year.
		The Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena: the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day); the revolution of the moon about the Earth (a month); and the revolution of the Earth about the sun (a year).
	www.jewfaq.org /calendar.htm (1587 words)

	Six Major Calendars
		calendar bases each month on a full cycle of the Moon's phases (called a lunation or synodic month).
		This calendar is the official calendar for the State of Israel, although variations on this calendar exist.
		Since this calendar uses the true positions of the Sun and Moon, its accuracy depends on the accuracy of the astronomical theories and calculations.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/calendars.html (1184 words)

	Calendar Converter
		The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar organised as a hierarchy of cycles, each of length 19, commemorating the 19 year period between the 1844 proclamation of the Báb in Shiraz and the revelation by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863.
		As a purely solar calendar, months are not synchronised with the phases of the Moon.
		Alignment with the solar year is better than the Julian calendar, but inferior to the Gregorian.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (5197 words)

	Mayan Calendar
		Believing that time repeated itself in cycles, they devised two calendars, one ritualistic, which was used for religious celebrations and astrological predictions, and the other a solar calendar.
		The Tzolkin calendar was meshed with a 365-day solar cycle called the "Haab".
		The calendar consisted of 18 months with 20 days (numbered 0-19) and a short "month" of only 5 days that was called the Wayeb and was considered to be a dangerous time.
	www.saxakali.com /historymam7.htm (1471 words)

	Calendar a History - Timekeepers
		Second, the time for the moon to complete a cycle of it phases, called the synodic month and is 29.53059 days, this is the basis of the calendar month.
		The Egyptians may have been the first to develope a solar calendar in about 4200BC.
		Mean Solar Day is the average of a solar day because the length of the day varies slightly during the year as the Earth rotates around the Sun.
	users.commspeed.net /k6xf/calendar.htm (4031 words)

	Introduction to Chinese Calendars
		Since a Chinese year is controlled mostly by the solar cycle, obviously, it may be mapped to a western year roughly.
		The Chinese calendar is therefore a combination of solar and lunar calendars associated with the gan-zhi numbering rule.
		The Quarter Calendar seems to be a recovery from the san-tong calendar to the ancient calendar, as the san-tong calendar applies some parameters worse than the ancient ones.
	xml.ascc.net /en/utf-8/calendar.html (2012 words)

	calendar
		In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that is, the time it takes for a complete cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the planning of agricultural activities.
		Not all calendars use the solar year as a unit.
		Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in China and India.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Calendar.html (1565 words)

	Calendar article - Calendar calendar dates days astronomical Calendar systems Solar calendars - What-Means.com
		In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that is, the time it takes for a complete cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the planning of agricultural activities.
		A lunisolar calendar is synchronized to the motions of both the Moon and the Sun; an example is the Jewish calendar.
		Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in China and India.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Calendar (1565 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Solar calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		In a solar calendar, the year begins at approximately the same place in the cycle of seasons.
		A solar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates the season for a given place on Earth.
		The Islamic calendar is the most well known calendar that is not a solar calendar.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Solar_calendar.htm (140 words)

	calendar.txt
		It is the 968th year of the 17th cycle by the Tibetan astrological calendar and the 2121st year of the historical calendar.
		When two tithis begin during the same solar day, the tithis (which is what this calendar actually counts) share a solar day.
		The calendar pages themselves were unable to make the transition from paper to.TXT and thus, are not included.) Lunar Calendars used in the MFJA The Chinese Calendar: The Chinese calendar year begins on the first new moon after the sun enters Aquarius (Western Zodiac).
	www.textfiles.com /occult/calendar.txt (140 words)

	Iranian calendar - free-definition
		The Iranian solar calendar year begins with the midnight closest to the instant of the or Northern spring equinox, when the sun enters the northern hemisphere ; in other words, the start of Spring in the northern hemisphere.
		This general picture of the Persian calendar's leap-year behaviour contrasts with other ill-informed predictive algorithms which are based on confusion between the astronomers average tropical year (365.2422 days, approximated with mistaken near 128-year cycles) and the mean interval between spring equinoxes (365.2424 days, approximated here with a near 33-year cycle).
		The Iranian calendar was reintroduced in Persia in the year 1922, while Afghanistan adopted the calendar in 1957, using the Arab names of the zodiacal signs for the corresponding months of the Persian calendar.
	www.free-definition.com /Bahman.html (140 words)

	Crescent Moon Visibility and the Islamic Calendar
		This calendar consists of a 30-year cycle in which 11 of the 30 years are leap years.
		The Islamic calendar is based on lunar months, which begin when the thin crescent Moon is actually sighted in the western sky after sunset within a day or so after New Moon.
		A tabular Islamic calendar has been established for some non-religious purposes in which the lengths of the months alternate between 29 and 30 days; in leap years an extra day is added to the last month, Dhu al-Hijjah.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/islamic.html (140 words)

	Islamic gregorian calendar converter
		The islamic date corresponding to a date in the gregorian calendar can be computed by the following rule, with a maximum error of one day: multiply 970,224 by the islamic year, divide by 6 decimal places (one million), and add 621.5774.
		A major religious calendar is the islamic calendar, a lunar one used in most muslim countries.
		Thirty years constitute a cycle in which the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th, and 29th years are leap years of 355 days; the others are common years of 354 days.
	hijracalendar.tripod.com (140 words)

	Calendar Converter
		The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar organised as a hierarchy of cycles, each of length 19, commemorating the 19 year period between the 1844 proclamation of the Báb in Shiraz and the revelation by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863.
		The Hebrew (or Jewish) calendar attempts to simultaneously maintain alignment between the months and the seasons and synchronise months with the Moon--it is thus deemed a " luni-solar calendar ".
		The Gregorian calendar was proclaimed by Pope Gregory XIII and took effect in most Catholic states in 1582, in which October 4, 1582 of the Julian calendar was followed by October 15 in the new calendar, correcting for the accumulated discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the equinox as of that date.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (140 words)

	TOURISM NEWS -- GRAND SONGKRAN - WATER FESTIVAL - 2004
		During this time, the sun is equidistant to the earth so there are an equal number of hours during the day and night, a phenomenon known as "mahasongkran" (the supreme cycle).
		This traditional Thai custom of merry-making is the Kingdom's most 'sanuk' (fun-filled) festival, celebrated with tremendous enthusiasm, nation-wide, once a year.
		The festive elements of the celebration, the cultural values, the social code of conduct and individual belief and practices are intertwined.
	www.tatnews.org /tourism_news/2103.asp (1536 words)

	The Islamic calendar
		The Islamic calendar, the Hegira, is based on the lunar cycle.
		The years of the Muslim calendar are lunar and always consist of 12 lunar months alternately 30 and 29 days long, beginning with the approximate New Moon.
		Thus the Islamic year falls short of the international Gregorian one by 11 days.
	www.theholidayspot.com /ramadan/calendar.htm (1536 words)

	Islamic calendar
		Because the year in the Islamic calendar is shorter than a solar year, the months drift with respect to the seasons, in a cycle 32½ years long.
		An interesting aspect of the Islamic calendar is that it is a rare example of a people changing from a lunisolar to a lunar calendar.
		As with many herding peoples, the earliest Arab calendars were lunar, but around 400 ce they adopted a lunisolar calendar.
	www.sizes.com /time/cal_islam.htm (1536 words)

	islamic calendar
		The hegira calendar is a luni-solar calendar without any leap months, so its' duration is about 354 days.
		The prophet is said to have issued instructions to observe a calendar of twelve lunar months (with no leap month) 3 months prior to his death,during his last illness.
		This would give a year of 354 days but with addition of 1 day in 2,5,7,10,13,16,18,21,24, 26,29 years (of a 30 year cycle) an average length of 354 11/30 days is achieved for the year (very near actual value of 354.3670656).In India another year (Fusli) was observed along with for tax collection purposes.
	www.geocities.com /sandhupatiala/islam.html (1536 words)

	Thai lunar calendar ,
		month moon months leap edit changes length wan word cambodia athikamas lannathai cycle calendars marks till kingdom derived scheme traditional patitin schemes kingdoms article mainland sun move categories
		Thai Travel: Prasat Hin Phimai, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
		Features Thailand Thai Bangkok Pattaya Phuket Chiangmai Hua Hin Krabi
	www.thaipro.com /z1052a/244_thailand.html (245 words)

	The Structure of the Chinese Calendar
		Thus a date in the solar calendar may be represented by a quadruple of the form cycle-position-solarterm-day, where c-p-s-d denotes day d (1-16) of solar term s (1-24) of the year at position p (1-60) in cycle c.
		As noted in the preceding section each position-in-cycle is associated with a unique element-animal combination, so, e.g., "1-59-24-14" can also be expressed as "The 14th day of the last solar term of the Water-Dog year in the 1st cycle."
		There are two Chinese calendars, a solar calendar and a lunar calendar (more precisely, a solilunar calendar, what some call a 'lunisolar' calendar).
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/chinese_cal.htm (245 words)

	Calendars
		For a lunar calendar adjusting to the solar year, the best approximations (by continued fractions) to the difference between twelve synodic months and the tropical year would be to add one month every three years, three every eight, four every eleven, seven every nineteen, or 123 every 334.
		The solar side thus must be corrected by modifying the 19 year cycle, most conveniently by delaying an intercalation every 342 years (18 cycles).
		With the 6498 year cycle of intercalations, 365 +1/4 - 1/300 - 29/6498, this produces a solar year of 365.2422038 days.
	www.friesian.com /calendar.htm (8375 words)

	Skyscript: The Moon and Ancient Calendars, by Robin Heath
		These calendars, and therefore the relationship between solar and lunar cycles, are likely to have naturally evolved from initial observations of the three-year soli-lunar cycle, if only because here the solar-lunar synchronicity is first noticed.
		The pagan calendar 'quarter day' festivals of Imbolc, Beltane, Lugnasagh and Samhain are further confirmation that solar calendars invoke division of the year into four or eight, however much neo-pagans convince themselves that the quarter days are 'lunar' and therefore related to the Goddess.
		This observation is the most basic repeat cycle calendar that is possible.
	www.skyscript.co.uk /moonheath.html (3569 words)

	Calendars
		The solar cycle is the period after which weekdays and calendar dates repeat in the Julian calendar.
		A solar calendar, of which the Gregorian calendar in its civil usage is an example, is designed to maintain synchrony with the tropical year.
		A solar month is defined as the interval required for the Sun’s apparent longitude to increase by 30o, corresponding to the passage of the Sun through a zodiacal sign (rasi).
	www.calendarspro.com /blog (9836 words)

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