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Topic: Solar elevation angle

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	Solar Radiation Modeling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The solar zenith angle - 90 degrees minus the solar elevation angle and exoatmospheric flux - the solar flux at the top of the atmosphere - vary in a predictable manner by date.
		Elevation also influences optical depth because the concentrations ob absorbers and scatterers decrease with decreased pressure of higher elevations.
		That is, the solar zenith angle is not greater than the horizon angle in the direction of the Sun.
	www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu /terrain/solar.html (392 words)

	Saturn's rings at different phase angles
		The solar elevation angle relative to the ring plane is the same in all of the renderings.
		The brightening of the rings as the phase angle drops to 0 degrees is known as the opposition effect and is very pronounced in the case of Saturn's rings.
		It is known that as the phase angle increases from 0 to 6 degrees the brightness of the rings drops substantially (20-25%).
	www.mmedia.is /~bjj/3dtest/saturn (1073 words)

	A GLAZING UNIT FOR SOLAR CONTROL, DAYLIGHTING AND ENERGY CONSERVATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The prismatic ribs of the panes are inclined by a certain angle to the horizontal within the window plane, exhibit identical cross-sections in the shape of a rightangle-angle triangle with a certain basic prism angle, are facing each other and are positioned such that just a small gap remains between the two panes.
		If the window with the prismatic pane is directed to the south, the vector of solar radiation at 12 o’clock local solar time is located within the cross-sectional planes of the ribs and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the ribs and the horizontal prismatic ribs are parallel to the equator plane.
		For radiation which is irradiated with identical incidence angles from the clear or the overcast sky, this reflective property of the prismatic ribs is, of course, the same as for radiation incident from the sun.
	www.planet-interkom.de /we.lorenz/survey1.htm (2020 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Still, even though solar declination changes; increasing during our winter and spring and decreasing during our summer and fall; its incremental change just before or after solar noon may be less than that in arc of the ecliptic.
		At the poles, where our sun continuously rises or sets, solar noon is obviously not the time at which solar elevation angle (angle of our sun's center above the horizon) is greatest; but at lower latitudes, I think it may be.
		Solar energy is greatly scattered and absorbed, even by a 'clear' atmosphere.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/papers/uses-math/position.sun/suncalc.corr (1591 words)

	Lecture 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orientation of the Earth's axis affects the amount of solar radiation (insolation) reaching the Earth in three ways: (1) period of daylight, (2) the angle that solar radiation impacts the Earth's atmosphere, (3) the amount of atmosphere that must be penetrated by the solar radiation.
		Therefore, the solar angle is 90 deg when the sun is directly overhead at local noon.
		As the solar angle decreases, beam spreading increases.
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~cortinas/1014/l6.html (529 words)

	Risø - Atmospheric Transport & Exchange - Wintex project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At low solar elevation angles the forest shades most of the snow surface implying that it absorbs an important part of the direct radiation, and only a minor part reaches the snow surface.
		The model introduces a factor that accounts for the shading of the ground at low solar elevation angles, and a parameter that deals with the partial transparency of the forest.
		An empirical relation for the atmospheric turbidity as function of the solar elevation angle is suggested (Gryning, Batchvarova and de Bruin, Submitted to Boundary-Layer Meteorology).
	www.risoe.dk /vea-atu/atbiexch/wintex.htm (764 words)

	Abstract
		Measurements of the dependence of albedo in different snow and ice media on solar elevation angle, cloud cover, liquid water content, grain size, etc. can be interpreted in terms of single and multiple scattering radiative transfer theory.
		As the minimum solar elevation angle in Antarctica goes to 3°, strong qualitative analyses have been made of the dependence of albedo on the solar elevation angle.
		Solar insolations were also calculated for different months in order to calculate short wave radiation absorbed by snow and ice media.
	www.drdo.org /pub/dsj/oct99/abstract.htm (1799 words)

	RAF Bulletin No. 9, Appendix B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a complex calculation of the astronomical measurement of solar declination angle, the angular distance of the sun north or south of the earth's equator.
		This is the astronomical measurement of solar zenith angle, the angle from zenith to the sun, complementary to the sun's elevation angle.
		This is the output of the aircraft's pitch angle from the IRS at 50 sps.
	raf.atd.ucar.edu /Bulletins/b9appdx_B.html (10443 words)

	GLOSSARY OF TERMS PART A
		The value of Air Mass is 1 at sea level with cloudless sky when the sun is directly overhead and the air pressure P=1.013105 Pa (1.013 bar or 760 mm Hg).
		angle of incidence: The angle between the direct irradiant beam and the normal to the active surface.
		azimuth: The projected angle between a straight line from the apparent position of the sun to the point of observation and due north, measured from south in the northern hemisphere, from north in the southern hemisphere, and negative to the east, positive to the west.
	www.pvgap.org /html/glossary3.html (3029 words)

	Solar azimuth angle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth angle of the sun.
		is the hour angle of the present time
		This page was last modified 06:56, 7 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_azimuth_angle (65 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The following nine columns are the "calibration vector" showing the responsivity as a function of zenith angle, from Z= 0 to Z = 90 degrees, in 9 degree wide bins.
		During individual radiometer calibration and characterization, a calibration factor for each of ten 9 degree wide zenith angle bins is constructed.
		To obtain the corrected data, we applied a calibration factor interpolated from the two nearest zenith angle bin responsivities.
	rredc.nrel.gov /solar/new_data/Saudi_Arabia/20000410.txt (558 words)

	Solar elevation/altitude and solar access
		Solar access is measured by the number of hours that the sun can shine into north-facing windows between the hours of 9 am and 3 pm on the shortest day of the year (22 June).
		Even though the third bedroom has a north-facing window, its solar access is limited by obstructions to the east and west.
		You need to know the solar azimuth angle (position in the horizontal plane) and the solar elevation or altitude angle (position in a vertical plane) at 9 am and 3 pm on 22 June (see pictures above).
	www.bom.gov.au /climate/environ/housedesign/solar_access.shtml (382 words)

	NASA Remote Sensing Validation Data: Format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As of April 18, 2000, the global horizontal data posted for all of 1998 to date has been corrected for the cosine response of the individual pyranometer deployed at each station.
		This interpolated zenith angle correction factor was scaled according to the estimated direct beam contribution to the global measurement.
		The figure shows typical magnitudes of corrections in Watts per square meter as a function of zenith angle for a representative pyranometer (Gizan) in June and December.
	rredc.nrel.gov /solar/new_data/Saudi_Arabia/processing.html (417 words)

	Solar elevation angle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The solar elevation angle is the elevation angle of the sun.
		That is, the angle between the direction of the sun and the (idealized) horizon.
		This page was last modified 06:54, 7 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_elevation_angle (79 words)

	groatp
		Where I is the direct solar radiation on the at normal incidence, and
		is the angle between the direction of the sun and the normal of the tilted plane.
		) are proportional to the solid angles covered by those parts of the sky and the earth surface, respectively.
	www.me.metu.edu.tr /me478/proj-001/groatp.html (325 words)

	A comparison of the UV-B irradiance of low-intensity, full-spectrum lamps with natural sunlight
		The literature was examined for reports on measurements of sunlight as a function of wavelength, time of year, latitude, elevation, and cloud cover.
		That is, the contribution of the light from 290-294 NM is swamped by the intensity of light from 310-315 NM Laboratory measurements of UV light from 290-295 NM are not been readily available.
		Table 1 shows the intensity of UV-B light at different locations and solar elevation angles (the angle of the sunlight hitting the surface of the earth).
	www.anapsid.org /jamesball.html (1636 words)

	[No title]
		On the clear sky model of / / the 4th european solar radiation atlas with respect to the Heliosat / / method.
		the ratio of mean atmospheric pressure (p) at the site elevation, to the mean atmospheric pressure at sea level (p0).
		Solar Energy R&D in the European Community, Series F, Solar radiation data, Vol.3 D. Reidel Publishing Compagny, Dordrecht.
	www.helioclim.net /heliosat/csmodels_lib.c (543 words)

	circumhorizontal arc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		With this information plus the date, one can calculate that the solar elevation (the angle between the sun and the horizon) was about 71 degrees.
		The display appears at constant elevation above the horizon (hence the name) and can extend a considerable distance to the right and left of a point below the sun, in this case about 24 degrees above the horizon.
		At Chicago's latitude you can only see it in summer near midday, for the phenomenon doesn't occur when the solar elevation is less than 59 degrees.
	www.weatherwise.org /qr/qry.circarc.html (385 words)

	Langley Plot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the original technique [2] the values of irradiance at various times of the day are measured and plotted on a logarithmic scale as a function of airmass and extrapolated to zero air mass.
		Instead of varying the angle through the atmosphere, to adjust air mass, the method employed at NASA Glenn uses high altitude aircraft to vary altitude (and air pressure) of the observations, and thereby vary airmass.
		Short circuit current, Isc, is measured by setting the source voltage difference sensed at the solar cell to 0V and measuring the current with the Keithley 2420 Source Meter.
	powerweb.grc.nasa.gov /pvsee/facilities/scel/langley.html (658 words)

	Repetitive Instructions and DO Loops
		An example might be computing the solar elevation angle for each hour of the day.
		Statement numbers must be unique; that is, a program cannot include two statements with the same number.
		loop around the solar elevation computations in the previous exercise, so that you compute the solar elevation angle at each hour of the day.
	www.mesoscale.iastate.edu /agron505/fort_6.htm (507 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ozone is not the only factor affecting ultraviolet radiative transfer, and provides no protection at all from a large part of the incident ultraviolet flux.
		The main factors controlling the amount of UV radiation reaching the surface of the Earth are: wavelength, solar elevation, ozone, cloud, altitude, albedo, and pollution.
		Solar elevation (the angle of the Sun above the horizon) governs the relative intensity of UV and visible radiation received by a flat horizontal surface.
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /icd/workshop_2000-08-31/bg.html (642 words)

	The Terrestrial Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The sundial tracks the Tern on its 25,000 mile migration using changes in solar noon elevation angle throughout the year.
		Everyday at solar noon, the shadow castor on the right lays a shadow across the double helix shape on the left.
		There are 10 different sites along the journey written along each arc so you can read off where the bird is. The two small horizontal bars at the top and bottom are the shadow marks for the winter and summer solstice respectively.
	www.whatiamupto.com /TerrestrialMap/SundialPix.htm (185 words)

	Earth's Albedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The planetary averaged albedo is a key climate variable as it, combined with the solar constant determines the radiative energy input to the planet.
		In the tropical regions the albedo variation is influenced primarily by weather disturbances and their associated cloud distributions.
		In the polar regions, seasonal variations in albedo are due to the distribution of major ice sheets and the decreasing mean solar elevation angle with latitude.
	itg1.meteor.wisc.edu /wxwise/AckermanKnox/chap2/Albedo.html (216 words)

	Abstract2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		the shadow length (W) and the tangent of the solar incidence angle,q.
		angle sets the lower limit on the value of d/D for which a shadow is cast, and the shallowest
		craters may not be accessible by these methods, particularly at high solar elevation angles.
	asuaf.org /~johnc/Abstract2.htm (276 words)

	Radiative Transfer Theory
		Dips in solar radiation for bands at short end of spectrum due to absorption bands of hydrogen in Sun’s outer atm.
		Solar elevation, b, at any latitude, g, varies with time of day, t, (expressed as an angle) as
		As latitude increases, solar elevation at noon and E
	www.marine.usm.edu /syllabus/MAR602lecture3-2002.htm (1332 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Accuracy of the transformation (reduction) of the atmospheric integral transparency coefficient from the actual air mass m to air mass m=2 (solar elevation h = 30°) was studied using two different methods
		The table of average values of direct solar radiation versus solar elevation angle and rate of atmospheric turbidity, compiled by Sivkov and updated by Evnevich-Savikovskij, was considered as the basic one.
		The results show that both methods give almost the same accuracy (2%) and they may be recommended for practical calculations of the integral transparency coefficient.
	www.physic.ut.ee /~okulov/TwoMethodsAbstract.htm (99 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		During the processes passing through the atmosphere, a significant amount of solar radiation will be lost due to absorption and scattering of the atmosphere.
		R=R0exp(-(/sin(h)), where R is the irradiance of solar radiation at bottom of atmosphere, R0=1367 w/m2, and (is the optical depth of atmosphere (which is a parameter similar to LAI, let’s assume it to be 0.3 here), h is solar elevation angle.
		Write “Hour Angle” in the sixth cell of column 1 and “Sin(solar elevation angle) ” for the remaining cells in the sixth row.
	www.unc.edu /gform-links/courses/2004fall/geog/110/001/www/geog110-lab5.doc (2374 words)

	Model Documentation Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Primarily, the value of the precipitable water is used to calculate the appropriate transmission coefficients for absorption, both by solar and thermal radiation, and is based on a linear interpolation of the precipitable water content.
		If the grid size is entered as zero, the computation of slope azimuth and elevation performed in subroutine slope.for is bypassed and the terrain is considered to be horizontal.
		Thus a vertical wall facing the sun will have a solar flux (and a sensible heat flux) per unit area of the wall surface even though the wall's projected area on on the horizontal surface is infinitely small.
	www.essc.psu.edu /~tnc/modelch1.html (6209 words)

	NRL Monterey Aerosol Page: Comparison of NAAPS with TOMS data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The incoming solar radiance (Fo) is obtained from the satellite radiometer’s characteristics (Kidwell, 1995), and the satellite zenith angle (m) is obtained by the satellite-earth geometry.
		Cox, C. and W. Munk, 1954: Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun’s glitter.
		Puerto Rico – Caribbean Sea: These images are centered on 19N and 63W, with an areal coverage of 850 X 850 km about the center point.
	www.nrlmry.navy.mil /~westphal/Docs/npsaod.html (1177 words)

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