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Topic: Solar mass

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	Solar mass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, the solar mass is a unit of mass used to express the mass of stars and larger objects such as galaxies.
		It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about two nonillion kilograms.
		The solar mass is 333,000 times the mass of the Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_mass (105 words)

	Sun
		The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as convection, where it is released as light and heat.
		In this photograph, the solar poles are distinguished by a relative absence of supergranulation network, and a much darker tone than the central portions of the disk.
		This image of the solar corona was acquired on 23 December 1996 by the LASCO instrument on the SOHO spacecraft.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/sun.htm (1180 words)

	Supermassive Black Holes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The most plausible candidate is a rotating, supermassive fl hole of order a billion solar masses at their center.
		The observations indicate that approximately 3 billion solar masses are concentrated in a region at the galactic core that is only about the size of the Solar System.
		It is thought that the jets are powered by a gargantuan fl hole of perhaps a billion solar masses, and that the ring in the Hubble image is an accretion disk feeding the fl hole.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/active/smblack.html (995 words)

	Kent Hovind's Solar Mass Claim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In "hydrogen burning", four hydrogen nuclei fuse to form one helium nucleus, such that the mass of the helium produced is 99.3% of the four hydrogens, the remaining 0.7% of the mass having been converted to energy.
		For example, according to Kepler's Equation, the period of a planet's orbit is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of the sun (obviously, for a planetary satellite substitute the planet's mass).
		Another factor that makes 1.00035 solar masses an even more conservative upper bound is that when the Sun was young, it was cooler and fainter, and therefore converted mass into energy more slowly, and also had a smaller mass-loss rate to the solar wind.
	members.aol.com /dwise1/cre_ev/solar_mass.html (11577 words)

	Solar Thermal Mass
		Thermal mass materials have the ability to conduct and store energy, both heat and cold, and to release that energy back into the living space when it's needed.
		Since the mass floors and walls are cooler, the heat is absorbed and conducted into these materials.
		The amount of south facing glass to be installed is related to the amount of thermal mass in the home, and the reverse is also true.
	www.epsea.org /mass.html (386 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of solar system objects by mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This list is incomplete because the masses of many minor planets are not accurately known.
		The ordering is not the same as the order of a list of Solar system objects by radius because some objects are denser than others.
		The mass of 20000 Varuna was estimated based on values given at [1] for its diameter and density.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-solar-system-objects-by-mass (404 words)

	Solar Mass Loss
		Thus the equivalent mass loss of all this energy loss is m = 4 x 10^33 ergs/sec divided by the speed of light squared, (3 x 10^10 cm/sec)^2.
		The best estimate for the age of the Sun is presently about 5 billion years at most, so pretty clearly mass loss through radiation emission ain't going to compromise that limit in the slightest.
		I can't think of any obvious mechanism whereby the Sun would have lost 99.99999% of its mass since it's birth, so that when it was young it was the size of Earth's orbit.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/ast99/ast99441.htm (717 words)

	Solar Mass Loss, the Astronomical Unit, and the Scale of the Solar System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The gravitational effect of the solar wind is very small, and has negligible secular effect on the major axes, while that of the radiation would have to be treated through a relativistic discussion.
		The effect of varying solar mass can be extracted from their equations (15) and (16) with the linear term discarded, as that term represents the direct effect of a varying gravitational "constant" on the Earth-Moon attraction, which does not change with
		The remaining terms in their Eq.(16) represent the effect of the changing solar tidal effect, and will persist whether the cause is changing G or changing solar mass.
	home.comcast.net /~pdnoerd/SMassLoss.html (3128 words)

	Solar Thermal Mass
		Thermal mass is the ability of a home to hold a temperature.
		Because of the thermal mass in our house we do not need to run either the air of heater as the house temperature changes so slowly neither is needed.
		The reason is this especially important in a solar home is in the winter you have a lot of glass area absorbing the heat from the winter sun.
	users.chartertn.net /dhrivnak/mass.htm (653 words)

	Solar Mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Solar Mass tells the story of how humanity came to understand that the sun is at the center of the solar system.
		From the solar myths of our ancient ancestors to the Copernican Revolution, Solar Mass is an exciting multimedia journey thr ough the history of one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
		Solar Mass is a planetarium show produced for the Planetarium Production class I teach at San Francisco State University.
	www.entersci.com /songs/solarmassra.html (100 words)

	Solar Mass Answer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Compare the mass of the man with the mass of the cat.
		The mass of a cat is typically 10-12 pounds (say 11 pounds).
		These two compare proportionally in the same way that the temperature of the solar photosphere compares with the temperature of boiling water.
	solar-center.stanford.edu /compare/comp_temp1_ans.html (81 words)

	The Mass-Luminosity Relation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Detailed observations, particularly in binary star systems where masses can be determined with some reliability, indicate that there is a correlation between the mass of a star and its luminosity.
		The adjacent image illustrates for main sequence stars by plotting the logarithm of the luminosity (in units of solar luminosity) against the logarithm of mass (in units of solar mass).
		The observation of a correlation between mass and luminosity for particular classes of stars suggests important systematics relating the light output of stars to their intrinsic structure that will later be exploited in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/binaries/masslum.html (209 words)

	Solar Storm Warning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This frame from a 350 kb animation shows a coronal mass ejection billowing away from the Sun on June 6, 2000.
		If a gust of solar wind is very strong -- as this one might be -- it can compress the magnetosphere and unleash a geomagnetic storm.
		The June 6, 2000, coronal mass ejection was accompanied by two of the most intense solar flares since a brilliant eruption in February 2000.
	www.spacesciences.com /headlines/y2000/ast07jun_1m.htm (1663 words)

	Solar Mass Answer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Compare the mass of a tadpole with the mass of an African elephant.
		The mass of the Wood Frog Tadpole is about 0.01 lbs (5 grams or 0.005 kg).
		These two compare proportionally in the same way that the mass of the Earth compares with the mass of the Sun.
	solar-center.stanford.edu /compare/comp_mass1_ans.html (93 words)

	Solar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		During the solar maximum there are many sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections, all of which can affect communications and weather here on Earth.
		When the solar cycle is at a minimum, active regions are small and rare and few solar flares are detected.
		The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is structured by strong magnetic fields.
	www.solcomhouse.com /solar.html (2895 words)

	The “Solar Flare Myth” Revisited
		At solar maximum the magnetic equator of the Sun, called the streamer belt or heliospheric current sheet, is highly inclined to the ecliptic so it passes near the solar poles.
		After 30 years of such mistakes, it is time that we acknowledge the importance and the independent existence of CMEs and correctly identify them as the source of the dominant traveling interplanetary shocks, large SEP events, and major non-recurrent geomagnetic storms.
		Hundhausen, A. J., Coronal mass ejections: A summary of SMM observations from 1980 and 1984-1989, in The Many Faces of the Sun, edited by K. Strong, J. Saba and B. Haisch, Springer-Verlag, New York, in press, 1995.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /~reames/DARK7.HTML (2556 words)

	Sun-Earth Connection
		Coronal mass ejections expand away from the Sun at speeds as high as 2000 km per second.
		Solar flares, on the other hand, directly affect the ionosphere and radio communications at the Earth, and also release energetic particles into space.
		Therefore, to understand and predict "space weather" and the effect of solar activity on the Earth, an understanding of both CMEs and flares is required.
	hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov /sftheory/cme.htm (478 words)

	Coronal Mass Ejections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coronal mass ejections (or CMEs) are huge bubbles of gas threaded with magnetic field lines that are ejected from the Sun over the course of several hours.
		Coronal Mass Ejections disrupt the flow of the solar wind and produce disturbances that strike the Earth with sometimes catastrophic results.
		Coronal mass ejections are often associated with solar flares and prominence eruptions but they can also occur in the absence of either of these processes.
	science.nasa.gov /ssl/pad/solar/cmes.htm (449 words)

	The Solar Mass Problem
		They have hypothesized that the orbital mechanics of this solar system is a balance between the Sun’s gravitational attraction and the centrifugal force initialized from conservation of angular momentum once the planets coalesced out of a condensing gaseous disk surrounding the emerging solar mass, our Sun.
		This solar system has been estimated most astronomers to have an age of some 5 billion years and it is here that lies the problem.
		Our solar system, once formed was a balance of the stable mass of the Sun’s gravitational force and it’s a compliment of planets sustaining orbital position from centrifugal force due to velocity inherited from a spinning condensing nebulae cloud.
	www.grantchronicles.com /astro46.htm (586 words)

	Citebase - Solar mass-varying neutrino oscillations
		In such models, the neutrino mass is a function of a scalar field, which plays the role of dark energy.
		Such theories of mass varying neutrinos (MaVaNs) were recently introduced to explain the origin of the cosmological dark energy density and why its magnit...
		We derive a model independent relation between the neutrino mass and the equation of state parameter of the neutrino dark energy, which is applicable for gener...
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/0502196 (1067 words)

	Solar Terrestrial Activity Report
		Solar wind speed ranged between 555 and 755 (all day average 633) km/sec under the influence of a high speed stream.
		Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 83.5.
		The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on January 28 and quiet on January 29-30.
	www.dxlc.com /solar (559 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The authors have calculated the evolution and oscillation frequencies of solar models including helium and heavier element diffusion, and such early solar mass loss.
		For models with gradual early mass loss (during {approx}1 Gyr), the early mass loss phase decreases the total amount of helium and heavier elements diffused from the convection zone, and the extent of the diffusion-produced composition gradient just below the convection zone, deteriorating the agreement with observed frequencies for intermediate {ell} modes.
		The mass loss phase must be confined to {approx}0.2 Gyr or less to solve simultaneously the solar Li/Be problem and avoid discrepancies with solar oscillation frequencies.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=10182171 (274 words)

	NASA's Cosmicopia -- Sun - Solar Activity - Coronal Mass Ejections
		Large flares are often associated with huge ejections of mass from the Sun, although the association is not clear.
		Solar plasma is heated to tens of millions of degrees, and electrons, protons, and heavy nuclei are accelerated to near the speed of light.
		Rearrangement of the magnetic field, and solar flares may result in the formation of a shock that accelerates particles ahead of the CME loop.
	helios.gsfc.nasa.gov /cme.html (436 words)

	SPACE.com -- Powerful Solar Storm to Hit Earth by Wednesday
		A coronal mass ejection (CME) on Jan. 17 saturated the camera on the orbiting SOHO spacecraft.
		Based on the latest analysis of the solar storm and conditions near Earth, it is doubtful much will be visible from more southerly locations such as Texas, said Kent Doggett, the forecaster on duty Tuesday at NOAA's Space Environment Center.
		Charged particles, called the solar wind, stream out at a million miles an hour.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solar_storm_050118.html (836 words)

	SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
		Earth is inside a solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole.
		NOAA Space Environment Center -- The official U.S. government bureau for real-time monitoring of solar and geophysical events, research in solar-terrestrial physics, and forecasting solar and geophysical disturbances.
		Current Solar Images --a gallery of up-to-date solar pictures from the National Solar Data Analysis Center at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
	www.spaceweather.com (628 words)

	Solar Mass Ejection Imager (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) (Jackson et al., 1989; 1997; Keil et al., 1996) launched January 6, 2003 (Figure) will provide an effective means for tracking interplanetary disturbances across the observational gap between near-Sun coronagraph observations to Earth.
		SMEI employs never-before attempted baffle and imaging capability (Buffington et al., 2002) that allows it to view the whole Sky around Earth photometrically to provide Thomson-scattering data that are related directly to the solar wind density.
		The tomographic techniques now used with the ground based IPS observations were developed for use with SMEI (Jackson et al., 2002; Jackson and Hick, 2003), and work as well or better with Thomson scattering remote-sensing observations than they do currently with IPS.
	cass185.ucsd.edu /smei/smei2.html (150 words)

	List of solar system objects by mass at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This list is incomplete because the masses of many asteroids are not accurately known.
		mass that orbits a star and that doesn't produce energy through nuclear fusion.
		are they distributed in mass and distance from their parent...
	springknow.com /List_of_solar_system_objects_by_mass.html (581 words)

	Vision Engineer - Solar Mass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The correct notation for solar mass is m
		By definition, 1 solar mass is equal to the mass of our sun.
		Since the kilogram is too small a unit for measuring stars and galaxies, solar mass is favoured by astronomers and physicists instead.
	www.visionengineer.com /ref/solar_mass.php (101 words)

	SOLAR MASS EJECTION IMAGER (SMEI): Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jackson, B.V., A. Buffington, P. Hick, S.W. Kahler, S.L. Keil, R.C. Altrock, G.M. Simnett and D.F. Webb, "The Solar Mass Ejection Imager", in the Proceedings of the 42nd Intl.
		Jackson, B.V., P.P Hick and A. Buffington, "The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) as an Imaging Photometer for Tomography", Royal Astron.
		Jackson, B.V., P.P Hick and A. Buffington, “Time-Dependent Tomography of Heliospheric Structures using IPS and Thomson Scattering Observations”, in Solar Variability as an Input to the Earth's Environment, ed., A. Wilson, ESA SP-xxx, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2003.
	www.vs.afrl.af.mil /ProductLines/SMEI/SMEI-Publications.aspx (764 words)

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