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Topic: Solar power satellite

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	Solar power satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A solar power satellite, or SPS, is a proposed satellite built in high Earth orbit that uses microwave power transmission to beam solar power to a very large antenna on Earth where it can be used in place of conventional power sources.
		To collect and convert that much power the satellite needs between 50 and 100 square kilometers of collector area using standard ~14% efficient monocrystalline silicon solar cells, state of the art and expensive triple junction gallium arsenide solar cells with a max efficiency of 28% could reduce the collector area by half.
		Solar Power Satellite from Lunar and Asteroidal Materials Provides an overview of the technological and political developments needed to construct and utilize a multi-gigawatt power satellite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_power_satellite (3200 words)

	Solar power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Solar cells, also referred to as photovoltaic cells, are devices or banks of devices that use the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to generate electricity directly from sunlight.
		A Solar updraft tower is a relatively low tech solar thermal power plant where air passes under a very large agricultural glass house (between 2 and 8 km in diameter), is heated by the sun and channeled upwards towards a convection tower.
		Solar chemical refers to a number of possible processes that harness solar energy by absorbing sunlight in a chemical reaction in a way similar to photosynthesis in plants but without using living organisms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_power (3876 words)

	Solar Power Satellite primer
		(Solar panels on the ground can be angled upward to circumvent this, but they must then be spread out over more ground to avoid casting shadows on each other.) Clouds and atmospheric dust cut the available sunlight in half again.
		However, the largest cost savings in SPS versus terrestrial solar collectors may be the elimination of the need for storage at night (or transmission from the day side of the Earth).
		The power would be beamed to the Earth in the form of microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz (2450 MHz), which can pass unimpeded through clouds and rain.
	www.freemars.org /history/sps.html (1024 words)

	Untitled Document
		Terrestrial solar power is likely to provide essential power and is particularly well suited to residential uses and for 'peak' power at the middle of the day.
		Beamed microwave power transmission and its relation to space may be thought of as extending our two dimensional power transmission networks on the three dimensional power transmission system in which power is beamed from the Earth into space or power collected in space is beamed back to the Earth.
		The power that is to be transmitted for the intended major applications in space are at the multimegawatt and even gigawatt power levels that are characteristic of electric utilities.
	www.stickymedia.com /Solar_Power_History.dwt (2161 words)

	Space Future - Conceptual Study of A Solar Power Satellite, SPS 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Electricity generated by the solar power satellite will be sold in a form of microwave power transmitted from the satellites to the customers who build and own rectennas, to simplify the sales interface (3).
		Solar cells: The most critical issue of SPS2000 design to satisfy the basic requirements is availability of the key electric technologies, such as a large number of solar cells and a large number of high efficiency and low cost semiconductors for the spacetenna.
		Power collection: The power line to feed power generated by solar cells and to the spacetenna has been found a more serious problem than expected, since the mass of the power line has been found to dominate that of the main structure.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/conceptual_study_of_a_solar_power_satellite_sps_2000.shtml (3236 words)

	Space Future - A Fresh Look at Space Solar Power: New Architectures, Concepts and Technologies
		Each satellite resembles a large, Earth-pointing sunflower in which the face of the flower is the transmitter array, and the 'leaves' on the stalk are solar collectors.
		For 200 MW transmitted RF power, the transmitter array is an 'element and subassembly -tiled plane' that is essentially circular, approximately 260 meters in total diameter, and approximately 0.5-to-i.0 meters in thickness.
		Power transmission lines from the single, central tether attachment point to the backplane are assumed to be integrated with the modular sub-assemblies of the array.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/a_fresh_look_at_space_solar_power_new_architectures_concepts_and_technologies.shtml (4893 words)

	A clean, well-lighted space - proposed solar power satellite Omni - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The satellite should be large enough to demonstrate the feasibility of generating electrical power in space for consumption on Earth, delivering a minimum of 100 megawatts to the ground.
		Solar cells are widely used in spacecraft: Russia's Mir space station generates more than ten kilowatts from arrays of solar panels.
		Using solar energy for base-load electrical power on the ground is not practical.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1430/is_n7_v15/ai_13547330 (820 words)

	Satellite Power System - Abstract
		Power conditioning devices then send the electricity to a laser, which transmits the power to the surface of the Earth.
		This is done in such a manner that an inner, high power beam is surrounded by a lower power ring region in which birds will be able to sense the increase in temperature and will desire to fly away from the central beam.
		Furthermore, because SPS power requirements will be different when the satellite is in shadow, the power distribution computer will also serve as a power manager by shutting down unnecessary systems during shadow times and restarting them after the system passes out of shadow.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/design/power.html (3768 words)

	Solar power
		Solar panels are rapidly becoming competitive with utility power for peak demand applications.
		Overall, studies have estimated that the mass of a solar satellite including structural elements might be as low as 0.2 pounds per square meter.
		A square meter of low mass thin film solar panels operating at a typical efficiency level of 12% will generate 1500 kwh of energy per year in space, which is about $60 worth.
	www.911-strike.com /solar.htm (350 words)

	Environment: Solar Power Satellites
		The techniques we use today to generate power are simply detrimental in the long run; burning fossil fuels or splitting atoms generate a lot of power, but also damage the planet with pollution, and alternatives like wind and hydro power can be limited both geographically and seasonally.
		A third reason solar power is attractive is because the constant energy flow and bulky, expensive storage facilities would no longer be needed, minimizing costs and increasing availability.
		Without a doubt, solar power satellites hold significant promise to be critical components for the upcoming centuries.
	teenink.com /Past/2001/November/Environment/SolarPower.html (914 words)

	A Supersynchronous Solar Power Satellite
		Ground-based solar power use will not merely fund the development of the PV technology required for space solar power, it will actually create the demand for space solar power by manufacturing a ready-made market that can best be filled by space power systems [2].
		Experience with ground-based solar power is a necessary step to mature the required technology, define and trouble-shoot the manufacturing methods, and move photovoltaics down the learning curve to low-cost production.
		However, 20% of the U.S. power generation capacity is a huge amount of power by conventional economic standards, and large amount of growth in the solar power industry is possible before power systems come near this limit.
	www.sff.net /people/Geoffrey.Landis/supersynch.html (1396 words)

	Japan Plans To Launch Solar Power Station In Space By 2040
		The satellite is projected to weigh about 20,000 tonnes and the total construction cost is estimated at around two trillion yen (17 billion dollars), at current prices.
		"Solar power generation in space can be realized only if the same amount of electricity can be generated at the same cost" as conventional means of power generation including construction costs, Nishimura said.
		In February 1998, a satellite was lost in space despite a successful separation from an H-2 rocket because it was released at the wrong altitude and sent into an elliptical orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/ssp-01a.html (802 words)

	An Evolutionary Path to SPS - G.Landis (1990)
		A difficulty with proposals for satellite solar power systems is the absence of a plausable evolutionary pathway to development of systems on the scale required.
		This is a double liability, since the power displaced is produced at low cost, while high-cost peaking power must be generated to provide a level base during the times when the solar power is unavailable.
		Providing power for a lunar base [12] or to roving exploration parties [13] on the moon might be another application of beamed power.
	www.islandone.org /Settlements/EvolutionaryPathSPS.html (2531 words)

	Solar Electric Light Fund
		Solar power and satellite Internet access introduced to remote settlement in Brazilian rainforest to improve health, education, and economic opportunity for Caboclo Indians, and to strengthen scientific research.
		The Solar Electric Light Fund was invited to undertake the project by the Amazon Association, a group composed largely of the Reserve’s Caboclo residents, who seek to improve their quality of life without exploiting and degrading the fragile surrounding ecosystem.
		Solar photovoltaic power was recognized as a dependable, non-polluting energy technology that could be introduced with sensitivity to the setting, while producing electricity to meet a number of vital needs, and helping to stem a growing exodus to overcrowded, overburdened cities such as Manaus.
	www.self.org /Brazil_Press_Release.asp (827 words)

	Power From Space References
		Gelsthorpe and P. Collins, "Increasing power input to a single solar power satellite rectenna by using a pair of satellites," Electronics Letters, vol.
		Dietz, "Solar power satellite microwave power transmission and reception," NASA CP-2141, Dec. 1980.
		Brown, "Status of the microwave power transmission components for the solar power satellite," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /tadp/1996/general/refs.html (2851 words)

	Tecstar Boosts Satellite Solar Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		More power from solar cells means that satellites can carry more communications links, experiments or other projects.
		With capacity as much as doubled, each satellite and its services can be more economical and offer a greater return to satellite customers.
		The solar cells are the result of years of research funded by the Department of Energy.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/solarcell-98c.html (327 words)

	Texas Renewable Energy Resources
		Solar radiation that avoids atmospheric scattering and arrives at the earth's surface in an unbroken line from the sun is termed direct, while the scattered radiation that reaches the earth from all parts of the sky is called diffuse.
		Solar equipment is frequently installed on structures that are at some angle to the ground.
		Solar radiation is available throughout the state in sufficient quantity to power distributed solar systems such as solar water heaters and off-grid photovoltaic panels.
	www.infinitepower.org /ressolar.htm (963 words)

	Satellite Solar Power Faces Considerable Economic Challenges
		The RFF study, led by Senior Fellow Molly Macauley, projects that future demand for satellite solar energy is unlikely to be enough to justify the considerable costs involved in developing it.
		Under the scenario envisioned by SSP proponents, satellites would be launched to gather solar energy and send the energy back to earth, where a receiving antenna on the ground would convert it to a form usable by electric utility grids.
		While its economic viability for generating power on earth may be limited, satellite space power may prove useful for powering systems based in space, the International Space Station, other large orbiting platforms, lunar bases, or other activities to explore and develop space.
	www.rff.org /rff/News/Releases/2000/Satellite-Solar-Power-Faces-Considerable-Economic-Challenges.cfm (682 words)

	Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
		As a result, space-based, solar power generation may become an important source of energy in the 21st Century.
		Promoted as early as 1968 by Peter Glaser, then a NASA scientist, Solar power satellites can be built to convert direct Solar radiation received in the full, unobstructed intensity possible in space to direct current (DC), electrical power.
		Called "wireless power transmission" (WPT)), these beams would be captured by receivers (covering several square miles) in remote areas on Earth and converted back into DC power for terrestrial electrical grids.
	members.nova.org /~sol/station/sps.htm (612 words)

	SOLAR POWER SATELLITE
		The object of the solar power satellite, as stated in the report, is to "generate solar power in space for wireless transmission to receivers on the ground." Power requirements are determined.
		Power is collected from groups of solar panels connected to provide the voltage and power ratings required and connected to circuit breakers in the field of the "SolarDisc" (See Figure 1).
		From here power is distributed via circuit breakers to control boxes and converters placed throughout the dark side of the Antennae Disc and thence to the magnetrons.
	www.sspi.gatech.edu /powerdistribution.htm (1902 words)

	THE SOLAR POWER SATELLITE - Access to Energy Newsletter Archive
		The idea of collecting solar energy in outer space and beaming it to earth is one that is well developed conceptually, and research on its feasibility has been funded by Congress.
		The dilute flow of solar energy remains; in particular, the area for the collectors, though not owned by anybody, is very much harder to come by.
		As for economics, we are talking about tens or hundreds of square miles of collectors, to be put up at a cost of tens (hundreds?) of billions of dollars over many years, to produce the power that could be produced by tens of nuclear or coal-fired units on earth.
	www.accesstoenergy.com /view/atearchive/s76a4466.htm (546 words)

	Space-Based Weather Control -The "Thunderstorm Solar Power Satellite"
		With a fleet of these satellites, it could be conceivable that the weather over any geographic location could be modified at will - provided the system actually works.
		They asked me to investigate potential applications in which a Solar Power Satellite was the source of energy.
		I have published two papers on the use of what I call the "Thunderstorm Solar Power Satellite" and have done numerical simulations of its use to prevent tornado formation in mesocyclones.
	www.theforbiddenknowledge.com /hardtruth/haarp_weather_control.htm (690 words)

	Energy Resources - National Solar Power Research Institute
		PowerSat - Outlines the history of the concept of the solar power satellite and the "Reference System," one of the very first proposed SPS system.
		Photovoltaic Panel Module (PPM) - Describes the major features of the solar cells to be used on the International Space Station (ISS).
		PV Power - Provides the latest news in the PV industry and technology.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~ciotola/solar/energy.html (222 words)

	Reinventing the Solar Power Satellite
		The economic viability of space solar power is maximum if the power can be sold at peak power rates, instead of baseline rate.
		The demand curves were compared to the availability curves for solar energy and for tracking and non-tracking satellite solar power systems in order to compare the market value of terrestrial and solar electrical power.
		Three new concepts for solar power satellites were invented and analyzed: a solar power satellite in the Earth-Sun L2 point, a geosynchronous no-moving parts solar power satellite, and a nontracking geosynchronous solar power satellite with integral phased array.
	gltrs.grc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/GLTRS/browse.pl?2004/TM-2004-212743.html (376 words)

	Portable Solar Power Solutions, satellite communications, globalstar, satellite telephone, from outfittersatellite.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The smallest is a Solar Port panel built into a belly pack with a built-in rechargable battery.
		With the same foot print as your RBGAN satellite terminal or a small notebook computer, the PowerBase is suitable for other electronics such as radios, video equipment, and computers with auto-accessory chargers.
		of power storage and portable solar power equipment for the Boreal 2000 Canoe Expedition in Canada.
	www.gpsphones.com /solar.htm (469 words)

	Znamya Space Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The 20-meter (66 feet) thin film structure was successfully deployed from the Progress M-15 spacecraft by the use of centrifugal force.
		SolarKraft is a spacecraft equipped with a solar sail solar reflector or photovoltaics.
		This thin film space technology may also find its way for other applications, for example, as a solar power satellite, passive reflectors, wake shield facilites, space debris protection shields and others.
	www.space-frontier.org /Events/Znamya (1654 words)

	Space Based Weather Control:
		Even though this Solar Power Satellite based system is speculative at best, I think we can all see where this is going.
		With a fleet of these satellites, it could be conceivable that the weather over any geographic location could be modified at will – provided the system actually works.
		Borderland Sciences has over the years done an extensive observation of the effects of solar activity on the general population with respect to temperment modification.
	www.borderlands.com /spacewea.htm (775 words)

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