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Topic: Solar thermal collector

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	An Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems
		The solar panel is usually a flat plate collector that consists of a metal box with a glass or plastic cover and a fl absorber plate at the bottom.
		Solar thermal space heating may advantageous in off-grid buildings, or in cases where the grid electricity supply is unreliable.
		Solar thermal energy can be collected at large scale and used to heat a transfer fluid that can then power a steam turbine to generate electricity.
	www.solarbuzz.com /Consumer/SolarThermal.htm (905 words)

	Solar thermal collector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A solar thermal collector is a solar collector specifically intended to collect heat: that is, to absorb sunlight to provide heat.
		These type of collectors are generally used in solar power plants where solar heat is used to generate electricity by heating water to produce steam and driving a turbine connected to the electrical generator.
		This is the most common type of solar thermal collector, and is usually used as a solar hot water panel, to generate solar hot water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_thermal_collector (866 words)

	Solar heat harnessing system - Patent 6568386
		A solar thermal system (5) according to the present invention is characterized by the outside-air intake regulator, which is controlled using a controller, based on data from a detecting means to detect the amount of steam generated and the amount of steam stored in the steam storage means in the solar thermal system (4).
		In the solar thermal system according to the first embodiment, the case where the opening 21c of the steam storage means 21 has almost the same diameter as that of the steam storage portion 21b is described, but in another embodiment, the opening may be made smaller than the steam storage portion 21b.
		In the solar thermal system according to the second embodiment, the case where the detecting means 41 and 42 and the output detecting means are used for detecting the amounts of steam generated and used is described, but it is not limited to that.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6568386.html (7738 words)

	SOLAR POWER
		Solar design is the use of architectural features to replace the use of grid electricity and fossil fuels with the use of solar energy and decrease the energy needed in a home or building with insulation and efficient lighting and appliances.
		Solar heating systems are generally composed of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir to stock the heat for subsequent use.
		Solar cells, also referred to as photovoltaic cells, are devices or banks of devices that use the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors to generate electricity directly from sunlight.
	www.solarnavigator.net /solar_power.htm (5390 words)

	Housing structure utilizing solar energy - Patent 4373308
		A further specific disadvantage of prior art thermal collector and photovoltaic panels is inherent in their physical construction, i.e., if they rest upon or form a part of an external roof structure, they are necessarily dependent upon and subject to roof expansion or contraction.
		Power generated by the solar cells can be made sufficient to operate a pump for circulating a heat-transfer fluid through the thermal collector, a fan for circulating hot air from an attic plenum to provide heat to other passive solar devices, and a solar tracking motor.
		The solar collector 20 as previously described should be positioned far enough beneath solar cell array 18 (for example, several inches) to allow adequate clearance for individual segments 40 to swing or rotate to follow the sun.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4373308.html (1871 words)

	FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR : BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A solar collector (Figure 2.1.1) is a device that utilises the solar radiation to heat a fluid (usually water or air), which can then be used for suitable applications.
		of the terrestrial spectral solar irradiance at noon.
		For solar thermal applications, the spectral distribution on the surface of the earth is given in Table 2.1.2.
	www.courses.ait.ac.th /ED06.22/course1/lecs/module2/m21o98.html (5375 words)

	Solar Homes and Solar Collectors
		Solar Home Plans and affordable Solar Hot Water Plans are the gateway into a "Solar Age" of energy independence.
		Solar collectors also use the greenhouse effect to capture the suns energy.
		Both solar collectors and solar greenhouses are able to harvest the suns energy in the form of heat.
	www.jc-solarhomes.com (575 words)

	Solardome SA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A Close coupled system consists of a solar thermal collector and a storage vessel mounted on the roof in close proximity to one another.
		A split system consists of an solar thermal collector and a storage vessel where the the thermal collector is mounted on the roof, but the storage vessel can be mounted at any desired location.
		Thermal controllers are used to monitor and controll the flow of water between the collector and the storage vessel.
	www.solardome.co.za (228 words)

	Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities
		Throughout the chapter, the unit of measure is square feet of collector surface for solar thermal collectors and peak kilowatts for photovoltaic cells and modules.
		High-temperature collectors are parabolic dish and trough collectors and are used primarily by utilities and nonutility power producers in the generation of electricity for the grid.
		Solar thermal collector shipments totaled 8.1 million square feet in 1997, an increase of 7 percent from the 1996 level of 7.6 million square feet (Table 12).
	www.p2pays.org /ref/10/09947/chapter2.html (4336 words)

	Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities
		Low-temperature solar collectors represented 95 percent of total shipments, while medium-temperature collectors were responsible for approximately 5 percent (Table 12).
		Of the 27 active companies shipping solar collectors, two are planning to introduce new low-temperature collectors, four are planning new medium-temperature collectors, and two expect to introduce high-temperature collectors (Table 20).
		Solar thermal collectors are divided into three categories: low, medium, and high-temperature collectors.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/solar.renewables/page/rea_data/chapter2.html (2033 words)

	Powertech Forum Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Powertech’s Apricus solar collectors are suitable for both open or closed systems as long as pressure, heat and freezing are controlled.
		Solar tubes and heat pipes are able to withstand extremely cold conditions without being damaged.
		This is the key difference between solar tubes and flat plate solar collectors: the insulative properties.
	www.solar.org.uk /apricus-features.htm (427 words)

	Summary of Energy Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		They are typically identified by a thermal collector (air) separate from a living space, a storage medium (usually either rocks or masonry), and an externally powered distribution system that moves the heat from the solar collector to the heat storage area and from there to the living space.
		They are typically identified by a solar thermal collector (water), a storage medium (usually water in a storage tank), and an externally powered distribution system that moves the heat from the solar collector to the heat storage tank.
		Solar thermal process heat refers to the generation of high temperature fluids used for generation of electricity or for industrial process heat.
	www-solar.mck.ncsu.edu /directory/dir_enrg.html (1671 words)

	Solar Thermal
		Solar thermal energy is eminently practical and soon to be available to all home power enthusiasts.
		Your solar hot water collectors are beginning their daily ritual of warming up so that they can begin to transfer heat into the house; heat for your shower or for your living room.
		Solar Pump - thermal hydraulic water pumps - Deluge, Inc. is a Phoenix, Arizona based manufacturer of thermal hydraulic-powered water pumping systems with important implications for remote locations and developing regions.
	www.green-trust.org /thermal.htm (1152 words)

	Renewable Energy Commercialisation in Australia - Solar Thermal Projects
		Solar thermal technology refers to the capture and utilisation of solar energy for use in heat or electricity production.
		Australia has been a world leader in the development of solar hot water systems and is a significant exporter of this technology.
		New technologies are being developed by manufacturers of solar hot water systems to utilise alternative low-cost materials (such as plastic) and systems are being developed that work effectively in cold climate export markets.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /renewable/recp/solar/index.html (293 words)

	Solar Thermal Technologies in the United States
		Although solar thermal energy is mostly used for heating water, it can also be used to turn water into steam and produce electricity.
		Solar thermal electric power plants generate heat by using lenses and reflectors to concentrate the sun's energy.
		Known as Power Tower One, the solar plant was a field of mirrors that reflected sunlight towards a central tower where the heat was used to produce steam.
	www.solarserver.de /solarmagazin/artikel_april2001-e.htm (1210 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The proposed changes to the Florida solar thermal collector and system certification program may be summarized as follows: Adopt ISO Standard 9806, “Test Methods for Solar Collectors”, as the Florida standard for the testing of solar collectors.
		Part 3 is for unglazed collectors and expands on the procedure of ASHRAE 96 to include the effects of wind and infrared radiation.
		For glazed collectors, adopting ISO 9806-1 involves the following changes to current procedures: The ISO standard calls for presenting the efficiency based on gross and absorber area, with a separate equation for each area based on mean and inlet fluid temperature.
	www.fsec.ucf.edu /download/Solar/Proposed_FSEC_Stds_FINAL_042403.doc (2933 words)

	SolarTaos.com offers Solar Water Heating!
		The open loop system uses a drain back method to drain the solar thermal collectors of their liquid when the system is off, this is commonly used where there is no danger of the water freezing in the collectors.
		separates the liquid flowing through the solar thermal collector from that which is used for your domestic hot water.
		The glazing is thermally isolated from the casing by a continuous EPDM gasket.
	www.solartaos.com /WATER_HEATING-SOLAR.htm (891 words)

	Solar Thermal
		In a world looking for more energy to meet growing demands, all the established forms and all the new forms of solar thermal energy and solar electricity are valid and important.
		Curved solar mirrors that concentrate sunlight don't work in cloudy weather, so they are best in the deserts where direct sunlight is at its highest level.
		Stationary solar thermal panels and solar electric panels ("PV"), on the other hand, can be placed directly on buildings anywhere, from individual homes to large industrial plants, and they keep right on producing on a cloudy day.
	www.ecotopia.com /apollo2/SolarThermal (847 words)

	Solar Thermal Water Heating Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		of solar thermal collector area, approximately 78% of the total world installation for that year.
		While there are hundreds of solar thermal water heater manufacturers and many different designs, we specifically looked at one design which consists of vacuum tubes made by only two manufacturers in
		While this is a great opportunity for using solar thermal, most commercial installations still require an electrical back up system in case of shortages or bad weather.
	www.stanford.edu /~hummel/ChinaEnergy/SolarThermal.htm (640 words)

	Apricus solar collector, solar heating, thermal solar heating
		The Apricus Solar Collector or Solar Water Heater is a device that absorbs thermal energy from the sun and converts it into usable heat.
		Solar radiation is absorbed by the evacuated tubes and converted into heat.
		Solar Heat Transfer: Heat pipes conduct the heat from within the solar tube up to the header.
	www.apricus.com /html/solar_collector.htm (229 words)

	Raising the Roof with Solar Thermal
		A steel standing-seam roof acts as a solar thermal collector to heat the purlins, which in-turn heat the water that is circulated through the PEX tubing.
		Land sales could have helped pay for the solar thermal solution for his business and home, which is estimated to cost US $37,000 just for the tubing systems in the roof and floor, and the circulation system to keep the water moving.
		Dawn Solar systems are such a mix of construction, plumbing and roofing that the company is looking for contractors who will act as dealers for the sale and installation of their building-integrated solar thermal.
	www.renewableenergyaccess.com /rea/news/story?id=19750 (1263 words)

	Solar Collectors In Ireland
		A proper designed solar thermal system can reduce the heating bill by up to 30% considering that the average family will spend €40,000.- over the next 30 years just for heating there homes at current energy prices.
		It is a wise investment by installing a solar thermal system into your home.
		Yes, as time goes by a solar heating system will save you more money than you paid for in the beginning and "produces" more energy than it took to manufacture the solar panels.
	www.solarenergyireland.com /Information/about_solar_energy.html (494 words)

	Apricus Solar Collector
		Solar Absorption: Solar radiation is absorbed by solar tubes and converted into heat.
		Solar Heat Transfer: Heat pipes conduct heat from within solar tube up to the header pipe.
		Solar Energy Storage: Water is circulated through the header, the temperature is raised and stored in the storage tank.
	www.leonics.com /html/en/pd_ecp/solarcollector/apricus.php (114 words)

	Solar Water Heating Media Materials & Press Releases from SolarRoofs.com
		It hopes that solar PV dealers will see the Fireball collectors cost to energy advantage as a way to gain a strong competitive advantage.
		A MACRO use of solar water heaters would not only reduce energy demand and pollution, but millions of them installed to supplement gas water heaters frees up large amounts of natural gas to be used to create electricity.
		Solar water heating is the perfect complement to a Photovoltaic system because it can double, the energy output of an average 1 to 4kW system at a fraction of the cost.
	www.solarroofs.com /dealerships/media/index.html (689 words)

	Solar Thermal Selective Coatings
		The basic challenge in the use of solar energy is to transform solar energy radiation into useful heat.
		With the solar absorptance ranging from 0.94 to 0.96 and the thermal emissivity ranging from 0.04 to 0.09, Crystal Clear™ is a breakthrough technology that will revolutionize solar selective coatings.
		The new Crystal Clear™ solar coating is generating great excitement for solar thermal collector manufacturers.
	www.aetsolar.com /Solar_Products_Services/clear_selective_coatings.htm (463 words)

	SOLAR TODAY - Home
		The initiative includes two types of solar technology: solar electric systems that produce electricity from sunlight, and solar thermal systems that produce heat for domestic hot water, space heating or heating swimming pools.
		Solar Boston pre-qualifies consumers before they contact solar installers to ensure the consumers are familiar with costs, financial incentives and logistics.
		Kent’s Solar Store, opened in 1998, is just part of a solar industry that has created more than 120 jobs in Tucson during the past few years.
	www.solartoday.org /2004/july_aug04/power_roofs.htm (1979 words)

	Multi-Collector Solar Thermal Project for Australia
		A new project in Australia called the National Solar Energy Technology Centre (NSETC) will be a showcase for solar thermal technologies by incorporating the only multi-collector facility of its type in Australia.
		The first is a high concentration tower solar array that uses 200 mirrors to generate more than 500 kW of energy.
		The second is a linear concentrator solar array that will generate a hot fluid at temperatures around 250 degrees Celsius to power a small turbine generator.
	www.renewableenergyaccess.com /rea/news/story?id=22903 (486 words)

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