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Topic: Solar variation theory

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Anthropogenic climate change

Attribution of recent climate change

Global warming

Global warming controversy

IPCC

Temperature record of the past 1000 years

	solar system. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The sun’s gravitational pull is the dominant force in the solar system; the forces exerted by the other celestial bodies on one another produce small shifts and variations, called perturbations, in their orbits.
		The smallest tilt, that of Jupiter, is 3°, whereas that of Uranus is 98°, causing its axis of rotation to lie nearly in the plane of the planet’s orbit.
		The tidal theory, proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys in 1918, is a variation of the planetesimal concept: it suggests that a huge tidal wave, raised on the sun by a passing star, was drawn into a long filament and became detached from the principal mass.
	www.bartleby.com /65/so/solarsys.html (1401 words)

	Global warming - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Various hypotheses have been proposed to attribute terrestrial temperature variations to variations in solar output.
		Since 1980 one estimate of the solar contribution is 10% to 30% (Scafetta and West, GRL, 2005 however a competing reconstruction of variation in solar output measured by satellite shows a negligible trend since 1980 (see Solar variation).
		A number of studies have suggested that additional solar variation feedbacks may exist which have not been incorporated in the present models or that the relative importance of solar variation may be underestimated [12] [13].
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/l/o/Global_warming.html (4825 words)

	Global Warming - Crystalinks
		A longer-term perspective is available from various proxy records for recent millennia; see temperature record of the past 1000 years for a discussion of these records and their differences.
		Volcanic and solar forcings might account for half of the temperature variations prior to 1950, but that the net effect of such natural forcings was roughly neutral since then.
		Since the TAR, various studies (Lean et al., 2002, Wang et al., 2005) have suggested that changes in irradiance since pre-industrial times are less by a factor of 3-4 than in the reconstructions used in the TAR (e.g.
	www.crystalinks.com /globalwarming.html (2823 words)

	Solar System Long Term Science Review
		Studies of the variation of angular velocity and sound speed beneath the convection zone have revealed a thin shear layer, called the tachocline, whose dynamics is believed to play a crucial role in the control of the eleven-year cycle of solar activity observed in the Sun's surface layers.
		Variations in the solar output modify the electric fields directly and modulate the flux of galactic cosmic rays that pass through the Solar System from the depths of space.
		The UK strength in solar terrestrial physics is demonstrated by the fact that we have the greatest number of PIs on the Cluster mission and that the UK was behind most of the significant advances made in recent years.
	www.pparc.ac.uk /Rs/Pp/Sp/SolarLTSR.asp (12923 words)

	Wikinfo \| Global warming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Global warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global temperatures since the late 19th century (0.6 ± 0.2°C) [1] [2] and assess the extent to which the effects are due to human causes.
		If the only variable considered is the emission of greenhouse gases related to human activity, then climate models predict that temperatures will increase in the future; however, the precise magnitude of these increases is still uncertain [4], with a range of +1.4°C to +5.8°C for the temperature change between 1990 and 2100.
		The solar variations theory also has counter evidence in the form of measured global dimming which shows that the intensity of sunlight at the Earth's surface actually fell since the 1950's.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Global_warming (5934 words)

	PERCY SEYMOUR
		The lunar daily magnetic variation varies according to latitude on the surface of the planet, the geometry of the land mass, and the presence or lack of iron ore deposits.
		Cyclical variations caused by the eleven-year sunspot cycle are perhaps the most influential in altering the intensity of plasma regions, which are the regions employed by radio short- wave communications.
		Seymour's theory applies magneto tidal resonance to planetary tides affecting solar activity beneath the surface of the Sun, and to planets affecting the Earth's magnetosphere.
	www.tmgnow.com /repository/solar/percyseymour1.html (6777 words)

	NATEXAMINER: Global Warming
		The term is also used for the scientific theory of anthropogenic global warming, which attributes much of the recently observed and projected global warming to a human-induced intensification of the greenhouse effect.
		In this theory, the increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released mainly by the burning of fossil fuels, and, to a lesser extent, land clearing and agriculture, are the primary sources of warming.
		Climate commitment studies predict that, even if levels of greenhouse gases and solar activity were to remain constant, the global climate is committed to 0.5C of warming some model results are as high as 1.0C over the next one hundred years due to the lag in warming caused by the oceans.
	www.natexaminer.com /warming.html (4508 words)

	Solar Flares
		A flare is defined as a sudden, rapid, and intense variation in brightness.
		The first solar flare recorded in astronomical literature was on September 1, 1859.
		When the solar cycle is at a minimum, active regions are small and rare and few solar flares are detected.
	hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov /sftheory/flare.htm (482 words)

	ipedia.com: Global warming Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Nearly everything about global warming theories is controversial, not the least of which is whether there exists a scientific consensus sufficient to justify radical action to ameliorate its effects (see Kyoto Protocol).
		The theory that human greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere in the 20th century, has gained both adherents and opponents in the scientific community within the past 25 years.
		The current increase in temperature is predicted by the Milankovitch cycles theory, in which gradual changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun and changes in the Earth's axial tilt affect the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth.
	www.ipedia.com /global_warming.html (4328 words)

	Global Warming: Climate Change: Greenhouse Gasses and Climate Change - Downbound.com
		The theory that human greenhouse gas emissions are contributing to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere has gained many adherents and some opponents in the scientific community within the past 25 years.
		Skeptics point to the growing evidence that variation in cosmic ray flux represent an indirect effect of changes in solar activity that increase the warming response to increases in solar activity.
		Effects mediated by changes in cosmic rays (which are affected by the solar wind, which is affected by the solar output) such as changes in cloud cover.
	www.downbound.com /category_s/321.htm (3906 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Dictionary
		Sidereal rotation is that measured with respect to the stars rather than with respect to the Sun or the primary of a satellite.
		The average period of revolution of the moon around the earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time.
		The solar wind is extremely sparse, containing only a few fast moving particles per cubic centimeter at the Earth.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /dictionary/index.cfm?Letter=S (944 words)

	sociology - Global warming
		The most common global warming theories attribute temperature increases to increases in the greenhouse effect caused primarily by anthropogenic (human-generated) carbon dioxide and to possible increases in solar activity.
		Use of the term "global warming" generally implies a human influence — the more neutral term climate change is usually used for a change in climate with no presumption as to cause and no characterization of the kind of change involved, such as the Ice Ages.
		Climate commitment studies predict that even if levels of greenhouse gases and solar activity were to remain constant, the global climate is committed to 0.5°C of warming over the next one hundred years due to the lag in warming caused by the oceans.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Global_warming (5046 words)

	Theory
		The Dartmouth-Berkeley-Minnesota theory team has identified a number of mesoscale phenomena to be investigated as part of the GGS program.
		William Lotko, P. This synergistic research effort is exploring and advancing theoretical understanding of the causal agents, coupling, scale-interactions, and particle kinetics of magnetospheric and ionospheric variability in the ultra-low-frequency regime (time scales from 1 sec to 30 min).
		This so-called heliosphere is a large region of space where solar wind and interstellar plasma interact, and where interstellar neutral particles form yet another distinct distribution.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~spacephy/theory.html (1466 words)

	List of solar energy topics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(solar thermal electric power plants: see) solar power
		solar variation (solar activity) (solar forcing) (solar variability)
		(sun eclipse) solar eclipse (see under observing a solar eclipse)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_solar_energy_topics (96 words)

	Causes of Global Warming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, there are different theories that attempt to explain the increase.
		The theory of solar variation is a speculation that gives the blame of the temperature increase to the difference in solar output.
		According to the IPCC TAR, “it was reported that volcanic and solar forcings could account for much of the temperature variations prior to 1950.” Still, meteorologists have remained doubtful of the theory because of the constant change and new information gained.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~atpeeble/causes-3.html (249 words)

	Solar variation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NOAA / NESDIS / NGDC (2002) Solar Variability Affecting Earth NOAA CD-ROM NGDC-05/01.
		S.K Solanski, M. Fligge (2001) Long-term changes in solar irradiance ESA SP-463, ESA Publications Division.
		Solar flares - Solar Prominences - Coronal Mass Ejections - Moreton waves
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_variation_theory (4829 words)

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