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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earth's interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Some volcanoes consist of a crater alone, with scarcely any mountain at all; but in the majority of cases the crater is situated on top of a mountain (the volcano), which can tower to an enormous height.
		Volcanoes that terminate in a principal crater are usually of a conical form.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Volcano (3594 words)

	Solfatara (volcano) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Solfatara is a shallow volcanic crater at Pozzuoli, near Naples, and is part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic area.
		It is a dormant volcano, which still emits jets of steam with sulphurous fumes.
		This volcano is where the thermoacidophilic bacterium Solfolobus solfataricus[[1]] was first isolated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solfatara_(volcano) (179 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Campi Flegrei
		A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earths interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Solfatara are a type of hot spring commonly known as mud pots.
		The volcano of Campi Flegrei lies immediately to the west of Napoli, and its deposits form much of the hills on which the higher areas of that city have been constructed.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Campi-Flegrei (331 words)

	ipedia.com: Mount Vesuvius Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mount Vesuvius is a volcano east of Naples, Italy.
		The volcano is currently active, even if no eruption is expected for the near future.
		One of the four active volcanos in Italy, and highly interesting both from its historical associations and the frequency of its eruptions.
	www.ipedia.com /mount_vesuvius.html (1620 words)

	Sumbing Volcano, Indonesia - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Note: A volcano with the same name exists in Java.
		Jambi is the largest city close to the volcano.
		Solfatara, fumaroles and hot springs are located on the west side of the volcano.
	www.volcano.com.au /sumbing.htm (60 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius \| PBS
		NARRATOR: La Solfatara is on the outskirts of Pozzouli, a city literally on the move.
		But there's a third zone further out from the volcano which could involve a large area where the effects would be not so much from heat but from a high concentration of particles which could asphyxiate people and cause lung injury".
		They know more than half a million people live in the path of the killer volcano, and they know that to pinpoint the exact timing of the eruption is nearly impossible.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/2515vesuvius.html (5144 words)

	Solfatara (volcano) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Solfatara is a shallow volcanic crater at near Naples and is part of the Campi volcanic area.
		Under the Volcano chronicles the last day in the life of the British Consul to Quauhnahuac, Mexico.
		Volcano: The Eruption and Healing of Mt st Helens
	www.freeglossary.com /Solfatara_(volcano) (542 words)

	GEOWARN - The Solfatara Volcano
		The Solfatara volcano is a hydrothermally altered tuff-cone built between 4.6 and 3.7 ka BP.
		Solfatara, the most active volcanic area of Campi Flegrei, is one of the most famous tourist sites of Italy which and is also intensely urbanized.
		O/CO and S/C ratios of the Solfatara di Pozzuoli fumarolic gases since 1980; ground deformation and seismic activity are shown.
	www.geowarn.ethz.ch /index.asp?ID=39 (363 words)

	Volcanic Italy: News of the spectacular eruption of the Pacaya volcano in Guatemala on January 15 reminds us all that ...
		Nonetheless, the whole system is active, and Vesuvius has been classified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior as one of sixteen "Decade Volcanoes" in the world, which require special watchfulness and study because of their past history, current seismicity, and location near heavily populated areas.
		(Solfatara, incidentally, is the center of a larger field than that of Vesuvius, and it is the main vent of the Campi Flegrei.
		Volcano, the third of the Sicilian/Aeolian volcanoes and the one from which all volcanoes get their name, is currently dormant.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VVolcanicItaly.html (445 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Procida
		From the geologic point of wiew, this island has been created by the eruption of 4 volcanoes, now dormant and submerged.
		Towering over the city of Naples, Vesuvius is dormant but certainly not extinct.A dormant volcano is one which is not currently erupting, but is believed to still be capable of erupting.
		Procida has been hold by Micenei in the period between XVI and XV centuries B.C. During the VIII century B.C., the first Greek people came to this island, immediately replaced by Greek people coming from Cuma.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Procida (1785 words)

	The Solfatara
		Probably this eruption involved only the water-bearing stratums, as it is demonstrated by the archaeological recoveries of 1980 on the slopes of the south-west side of the volcano, as the graves found there were placed in the volcanic materials of the age of the eruption.
		… At present, after the bradyseismic crises of 1970-72 and 1982-84, the activity of the Solfatara, a perennial danger for the surrounding urban areas, is guarded by a vast web of instruments and the volcano is considered by scientists as a natural laboratory for geologic researches.
		In 1810-1855 the Solfatara, a royal property, was exploited as cave to extract some chemical compounds used for military aims.
	www.ulixes.it /english/e_pg02hfr10.html (803 words)

	Solfatara and Pozzuoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The crater of the volcano Solfatara, NW of Naples.
		Solfatara is only one of a group of volcanoes referred to as the "Phlegrean Fields" and it sits next to the village and harbor of Pozzuoli where evidence of significant up and down motions of the earth (Bradyseism) has occured over historic time scales.
		I chose a cafe to have a cup of coffee, view the scene and contemplate the situation.
	www.marin.cc.ca.us /~jim/photos/italy/italy4.html (303 words)

	Stars & Stripes
		It’s said that breathing in the sulfur-laden air at Vulcano Solfatara in Pozzuoli, a bustling suburb of Naples, Italy, is healthy for both the body and skin.
		Solfatara’s largest fumarole — volcanic vent — is the Bocca Grande, or large mouth.
		Bocca Grande used to be called the “home of the god of fire.” The green algae that grow on the walls behind it flourish because of the high temperatures and acidity, and, interestingly enough, are considered a biological rarity.
	www.estripes.com /article.asp?section=103&article=36557 (778 words)

	SOLFATARA.IT - SOLFATARA VOLCANO
		The Solfatara of Pozzuoli is without a doubt the most interesting volcano of the Phlegreaen Fields, an area north of Naples made up by approx.
		The Solfatara of Pozzuoli offers the opportunity for a quiet stroll in an area full of natural greenery, far from the bustling and noise of the city.
		The visit to the Solfatara goes back to ancient times since it made up one of the necessary stops of the “ Grand Tour”, educational and leisure trip that the European aristocrats would accomplish above all in Italy and France already in the Eighteenth century.
	www.solfatara.it /vulcano/en/index.php (278 words)

	CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The thermal energy released by diffuse degassing at Solfatara is by far the main way of energy release from the whole Campi Flegrei caldera.
		It is 1 order of magnitude higher than the conductive heat flux through the entire caldera, and, during the last 20 years, it was several times higher than the energy associated with seismic crises and ground deformation events.
		It is possible that changes in the energy flux from a magma body seated underneath Solfatara and/or argillification processes at relatively shallow depths determine pressurization events in the hydrothermal system and consequently ground deformation and shallow seismic swarms, as recorded during the recent episodes of volcanic unrest centered at Pozzuoli.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2001/2001JB000246.shtml (316 words)

	SOLFATARA.IT - SOLFATARA VOLCANO - Information
		Spanning approximately 33 hectares, it is a wildlife preservation site which offers the starting point for an interesting hike with the presence, in addition to the renown volcanic phenomena, such as the fumaroles, the mofete and small mud volcanoes, even of woods and areas of Mediterranean maquis as well as natural, geological and botanical-faunal wonders.
		The Solfatara of Pozzuoli offers the opportunity for a easy and peaceful hike in an area full of natural greenery, far from the bustling and noise of the city.
		The visit to the Solfatara goes back to ancient times since it was one of the necessary stops of the “ Grand Tour”, an educational and leisure trip that the European aristocrats would accomplish especially in Italy and France already in the Eighteenth century.
	www.solfatara.it /vulcano/en/volcano_info.php (450 words)

	The Volcano Solfatara; Photo Tour
		All of the descriptions of the pictures from the Solfatara were distilled from the informative signs that help to guide visitors as they make their way through the park.
		It is famous for its steaming jets of sulfurous vapor (at temperatures of 320 F/160 C), the emission of carbonic anidride and small volcanoes of boiling mud.
		Sulfur was extracted here in the past, and until 1800 it was a spa renowned for its mineral waters, natural saunas and mud.
	touritaly.org /stara/Starahom.htm (241 words)

	Karang Volcano, Indonesia - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kareng volcano is located 120km west of Jakarta on the westermost edge of Java.
		Karang volcano is the highest mountain in the area.
		Karang volcano lies close to the West coast resort town of Carita.
	www.volcanolive.com /karang.html (43 words)

	VOLCANOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO CAMPI FLEGREI
		The Nisida islet is visible to the left; it is one of the volcanoes which was built up after caldera formation; Capo Miseno, Procida and Ischia are visible in the background.
		Solfatara is privately owned and a ticket must be purchased to enter.
		Solfatara crater is made up of a sequence of pyroclastic deposits: at the base is a phreato-magmatic breccia overlain by pyroclastic-flow deposits, mostly altered by fumarolic activity.
	193.204.162.114 /campi_flegrei/excursiontext.html (1754 words)

	The Phlaegrean Fields and Herculaneum : Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An explosive land of myth and legend, the fiery fields contain the dormant volcano Solfatara, the cave of the Cumaean Sibyl, Virgil's gateway to the "Infernal Regions," the ruins of thermal baths and amphitheaters built by the Romans, deserted colonies left by the Greeks, and lots more.
		Solfatara -- About 12km (7 1/2 miles) west of Naples, near Pozzuoli, is the ancient Vulcano Solfatara, Via Solfatara 161 (tel.
		In fact, Solfatara's activity (or inactivity) has been observed for such a long time that the crater's name was once used by Webster's dictionary to define any "dormant volcano" emitting vapors.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=755&catID=0755010001 (1298 words)

	Autoservizi Borrelli -SOLFATARA-
		The volcano of the Solfatara lies from almost 4000 years to the center of the Fields Flegrei.
		More youth of the volcanos of Agnano and little precedent the birth of the Astronis, the Solfatara keeps on offering the show of an area of active vulcanesimo: demonstrations fumaroliche, seismic tremors and cyclical deformation of the ground constitute the characteristic elements of the dynamics of the volcano.
		Guarded by a sharp pain net of tools, you/he/she is considered by the scientists natural laboratory of geologic studies, but also continuous danger for the adjacent urbanized areas.
	www.autoserviziborrelli.com /solfatara.htm (258 words)

	GEOLOGY OF G (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On east foot of this volcano appeared at least 20 parasitic cones.
		Morphology of volcanic cones divided into morphology of summit area, volcano body, volcano foot, and cinder cones.
		Volcano foot morphology situated surrounding the body of G.Slamet, consist of reworked material as lahar at south and southeast part, whereas at northern part covered by basaltic lava.
	www.vsi.esdm.go.id /volcanoes/slamet/geology.html (440 words)

	Geyser Definitions
		SOLFATARA-- A type of fumarole which emits sulfurous gases.
		MUD POT-- A mud thermal feature where there is not sufficient water to carry away mud and clay size particles so that they accumulate in the vent or crater of the thermal feature.
		MUD VOLCANO--A volcano shaped features that extrudes or ejects a mixture of water, gases, mud and clay.
	www.wyojones.com /geyserdef.htm (538 words)

	Bradyseism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It can last several years and is normally accompanied by thousands of small tremors and sometimes larger earthquakes or a volcanic eruption.
		The area around the Solfatara volcano near Naples is especially noted for it.
		The town of Pozzuoli contains three marble columns (in the Roman Temple to Serapis) which have boreholes made by marine molluscs.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/bradyseism (194 words)

	Smithsonian Institution - Global Volcanism Program: Worldwide Holocene Volcano and Eruption Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Based on satellite imagery and reports from the MVO, the Washington VAAC reported that the Soufrière Hills lava dome collapsed at 1740 on 29 August.
		Darwin volcano contains a symmetrical 5-km-wide summit caldera that is nearly filled by lava flows.
		The Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions — small as well as large — during the past 10,000 years.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0201-142 (254 words)

	Travel for Kids: Southern Italy (Campania)
		Solfatara Volcano (Pozzuoli) – Solfatara Volcano is a big wide shallow crater, with bubbling mud pools, steaming fumaroles and yellow and red encrustations from the sulfur.
		Long a popular spot with travelers, Solfatara was thought to be the entrance to hell by the Romans.
		Famous as a spa since the middle ages, people came to the volcano for the sulfurous waters.
	www.travelforkids.com /Funtodo/Italy/southernitaly.htm (649 words)

	Cook Submarine Volcano, Solomon Islands - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Commander Hunt from HMAS Cook stumbled across a previously unknown submarine volcano.
		Two locals in a boat observed a "mountain of fl water" rise from the sea with fl smoke rising from the summit.
		The prediction came true, with the eruption finally occurring on 25th May. Large blocks of pumice were seen on the shore near Munda.
	www.volcanolive.com /cook.html (119 words)

	Italian Geology
		Stromboli, on an island off the coast, is one of the few volcanoes on earth displaying continuous eruptive activity for more than a couple of centuries; evidence of ongoing activity goes back at least 2500 years!
		You can see the geologic aftermath of the volcano, learn about everyday life in Roman times, appreciate the way homes and stores were laid out, and view beautiful mosaics and ceramics.
		Vacation Under The Volcano (Magic Treehouse) Jack and his sister Annie are whisked away to ancient Rome in the magic tree house so they can get an ancient story that is in danger of being lost forever.
	www.kidseurope.com /Newsletter/UnderItaly-Geology.htm (1501 words)

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		We offer you volcano expeditions and walking / study tours to volcanic areas for small groups and individuals.
		Seismic tremor and emission of sulphur dioxide at Bromo is increasing and VSI set the alert level to 3 ("caution").
		On 1st Sept. 2006, the volcanological survey of Indonesia (VSI) issued a warning about famous Bromo volcano due to increased seismicity and raised the alert level from 1 (normal activity) to 2 (unrest).
	volcanodiscovery.com /volcano-tours/italy/... (376 words)

	Table of Contents
		All in all there are 19 craters (extinct volcanoes) in the area near Naples known as the Phlegrean Fields.
		Vesuvius is still an active volcano, which has caused death and destruction throughout history.
		Find out how volcanoes could be used as a new source of energy.
	www.nsa.naples.navy.mil /girlscouts/patchprogram.htm (449 words)

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