Solid state (electronics)

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	Solid state (electronics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the use of vacuum tubes in consumer electronics has decreased (an exception being the CRT still widely used for TV and desktop computer monitors), the term "solid state" has been increasingly used as a synonym for "no moving parts".
		In electronics, solid state circuits are those that do not contain vacuum tubes.
		Solid state means that electrons flow throughv solidsemiconductor, materials such as Germanium (Ge), Silicon (Si) etc, and not through empty spaces, such as in vacuum tubes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solid-state_electronics (195 words)

	Solid state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Solid state (electronics) circuits are circuits that do not contain vacuum tubes or, more currently, no moving parts.
		Solid state devices are data storage device components that uses memory chips, such as SDRAMs, to store data.
		Solid State Records is a division of Tooth and Nail Records
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solid-state (139 words)

	ROOT2 Limited - LOW NOISE SOLID STATE RELAY
		Solid State relays certainly generate considerable levels of continuous R.F. noise and are also susceptible to electromagnetic disturbance from outside sources, therefore they fall within the requirements of the Regulation.
		Many manufacturers will be surprised to learn that solid state relays will probably be the single most significant generator of RF noise within the whole of their apparatus: a typical SSR operating with a 30amp load produces a continuous noise output of over 120db at 150KHz, (the EN55022 limit is 65db).
		The ROOT2 solid state relay has been fully tested and certified as EMC compliant while operating with a 240vac 80amp load - the immunity test involved the introduction of 1KV pulses at the low voltage control circuit and immersion in high power RF signals within a sealed chamber.
	www.root2.ltd.uk (542 words)

	Electronic and photonic behaviour (from nanotechnology) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Electronics is the branch of physics concerned with the generation and behavior of electrons, as in transistors and electron tubes.
		Electronics engineering is that branch of electrical engineering concerned with the uses of the electromagnetic spectrum and with the application of such electronic devices as integrated circuits, transistors, and vacuum tubes.
		Semiconductor devices are grown with thin layers of differing composition so that electrons (or “holes” in the case of missing electron charges) can be confined in specific regions of the structure (known as quantum wells).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-236437 (812 words)

	High-Power Solid-State Electronics
		Switches are as fundamental to power electronics as rectifiers, and have advanced continuously in performance and convenience since the advent of solid-state power devices.
		Recent indications are that consumer electronics now accounts for approximately 10% of the electric load in the United States, and this number is growing.
		Power electronics is generally defined as that branch of electrical engineering concerned with controlling or modifying the flow of electrical energy between sources and their loads.
	www.darpa.mil /MTO/hpss/1998MgWts.html (5786 words)

	RPI Center for Terahertz Research - THz Solid-State Electronics
		Plasma wave electronics relies on propagation of surface plasma waves in the channel of a field effect transistor.
		The terahertz range – which lies between the frequency ranges of electronic and photonic devices – is often referred to as the "terahertz gap" because of the lack of both high-power, low-cost, portable room temperature THz radiation sources and efficient detectors to collect and record those signals.
		The upper frequency limit of transistors operating in conventional regimes is limited by the transit time of carriers under the gate, for a field effect transistor, or across the base and collector depletion region, for a bipolar junction transistor.
	www.rpi.edu /terahertz/res_solid_state.html (420 words)

	Learn more about Solid state chemistry in the online encyclopedia.
		It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials.
		Solid-state chemistry studies both the synthesis, the structure and the physical properties of solids.
		Solid-state chemistry is the study of solid materials, which may be molecular.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/so/solid_state_chemistry.html (154 words)

	solid state physics -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Solid state physicists study the internal structures of solids.
		These studies were being aided by the development of methods to manipulate single atoms or molecules with unprecedented precision and investigate their properties.
		In 1998 investigations of the physics of systems using single atoms and small numbers of electrons were making possible electronic devices that had been inconceivable just a few years earlier.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9277131 (831 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Solid-state physics [EncycloZine]
		The bulk of solid-state physics theory and research is focused on crystals, largely because the periodicity of atoms in a crystal — its defining characteristic —facilitates mathematical modeling, and also because crystalline materials often have electrical, magnetic, optical, or mechanical properties that can be exploited for engineering purposes.
		Solid-state physics, the largest branch of condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid matter, or solids.
		Bloch's Theorem, which characterizes the wavefunctions of electrons in a periodic potential, is an important starting point for much analysis.
	encyclozine.com /Solid-state_physics (241 words)

	1. Crystal structures
		The lattice structure is periodical in 3D and therefore is the electron density periodical in 3D.
		The relation between the electron energy and the electron wave vector is called the band structure.
		The electron density at each atom depends on the numder of electrons per atom, binding type and the lattice structure.
	people.deas.harvard.edu /~jones/ap216/lectures/ls_2/ls2_u7/sse_tut_1/solid1.html (1687 words)

	Honeywell Solid State Electronics Center
		Honeywell International's Solid State Electronics Center (SSEC) is a leading supplier of specialized integrated circuits for fast-growing aerospace and telecommunications industries, as well as recognized manufacturer of precision Pressure and Magnetic sensors for a variety of commercial applications.
		Radiation Hardened Electronics includes ICs for electronic computer systems in military satellites, strategic missiles and other space borne system applications.
		High Temperature Electronics includes electronic components and multi-chip modules for instrumentation and control applications.
	www.ssec.honeywell.com /about (429 words)

	Amazon.com: Basic Solid State Electronics: Books: Van Valkenburg
		Considered to be one of the best books on solid-state electronics on the market, this revised edition provides the reader with a progressive understanding of the elements that form various electronic systems.
		This is a very good intro to Electronics concepts and systems.
		Electronic fundamentals covered in the illustrated, easy-to-understand text include semiconductors, power supplies, audio and video amplifiers, transmitters, receivers, and more.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0790610426?v=glance (621 words)

	Center for Solid State Electronics Research
		The Center for Solid State Electronics Research (CSSER) was established in 1981 during the first phase of the Engineering Excellence Program at Arizona State University.
		The Center has exhibited strong and steady growth since those days and currently provides resources and infrastructure for research and education in solid state electronics in the form of 30 laboratories covering more than 30,000 sq.ft.; including a Class-100 Cleanroom administered and maintained by a complement of 10 staff and 2 student workers.
		The vision was to achieve nothing less than national leadership in the crucial area of solid state electronics.
	ceaspub.eas.asu.edu /csser (196 words)

	ScienceDaily: Green, Leafy Spinach May Soon Power More Than Popeye's Biceps
		But if organic solar cells are to be practical for commercial devices, they need to be integrated with solid-state electronics.
		For the first time, MIT researchers have incorporated a plant's ability to convert sunlight to energy into a solid-state electronic "spinach sandwich" device that may one day power laptops and cell phones.
		The bottom layer of the molecular electronic device is transparent glass coated with a conductive material.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/09/040921080635.htm (1265 words)

	Expert in: Solid State Electronics
		Ten years of this work are condensed in Expert's book "Defect Electronics in Semiconductors." These results are also of importance in the present work on the effects of grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors.
		Research of crystalline imperfections has led Expert to the study of the electronic properties of defects, especially dislocations and grain boundaries.
		A significant part of Expert's former activities was concerned with the artificial growth of defined defects, especially dislocations with neatly aligned dangling bonds.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=615839&perID=716998 (508 words)

	Molecular & Electronic Nanostructures at the Beckman Institute
		Efforts in self-organizing syntheses run parallel to solid-state electronics nanostructure research and seek to understand scientific principles relating to the mechanisms for assembly and function of mesoscale inorganic, organic, and biological molecules.
		The general goal of the Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures (MandENS) Research Initiative is to develop a fundamental understanding of chemical and physical processes involving structures on the nanometer scale.
		Research is underway in the self-assembly of organic molecules into nanostructures and the use of supramolecular assemblies as templates for nanostructured semiconductors.
	www.beckman.uiuc.edu /research/menhome.html (335 words)

	Solid State Electronics - Home
		Welcome to the Solid State Electronics division at The Ångström Laboratory.
		We continue this work by researching new ideas, methods and materials for use in solid-state electronic devices, sensors and solar cells.
		Integrated circuit technology and its later development, microsystem technology, make good use of a multitude of processes and analysis methods developed and refined during the second half of the last century.
	www.sse.uu.se (126 words)

	Solid State Electronics
		Van der Ziel, A., Solid State Physical Electronics, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1976.
		Electronic and crystal structure of the solid state.
		The students will have a basic understanding of various solid state effects and how these are applied to electronic devices.
	www.csupomona.edu /~ece/eceweb/program/msee/course/EGR548.htm (119 words)

	Solid state trip unit conversion retrofit kits for AC and DC power air circuit breakers with QUICK-TRIP which is an arcflash reduction maintenance switch and incident energy boundary analysis will reduce incident energy levels and PPE requirements
		Solid state trip unit conversion retrofit kits for AC and DC power air circuit breakers with QUICK-TRIP which is an arcflash reduction maintenance switch and incident energy boundary analysis will reduce incident energy levels and PPE requirements
		Utility Relay Company is a leading manufacturer of microcontroller based solid state trip units for AC and DC circuit breakers.
		URC trip units replace aging electro-mechanical series overload trip devices and older style electronic trip units to provide greater accuracy, reliability, functionality and life extension of older circuit breakers at a fraction of the cost of a new circuit breaker without changing out the switchgear.
	www.utilityrelay.com (220 words)

	Contributions of Physics to the Information Age
		Some consider its invention to have marked the beginning of the field of solid state physics, one of the most active and important areas of physics research today.
		The first electronic digital computer was built in the basement of the physics department at Iowa State University in 1939 by Professor John Atanasoff, who had a Ph.D. in theoretical physics from the University of Wisconsin, and his physics graduate student Clifford Berry.
		The transistor is the building block of all modern electronics and computers (everything from a battery operated watch, to a coffee maker, to a cell phone, to a supercomputer).
	www.physics.ucla.edu /~ianb/history (2586 words)

	Quantum Phenomena and Solid State Electronics
		Mathematical formalism is kept to the minimum required for quantitative analysis of solid state devices.
		Electrons in crystals, Kronig Penney model, energy bands, effective mass and carrier transport, density of states (4L, Dr M.E. Welland).
		The aim of this module is to introduce the basic quantum mechanical principles which underpin the design and operation of modern electronic devices.
	www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk /modules/IIB/groupD/D5.html (264 words)

	FUNDAMENTALS OF SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS
		This is perhaps the most comprehensive undergraduate textbook on the fundamental aspects of solid state electronics.
		It bridges the gap between solid state device physics covered here with what students have learnt in their first two years of study.
		Used very successfully in a one-semester introductory core course for electrical and other engineering, materials science and physics junior students, the second part of each chapter is also used in an advanced undergraduate course on solid state devices.
	www.worldscibooks.com /engineering/1388.html (637 words)

	Sam's Laser FAQ - Solid State Lasers
		Solid state lasers can range in size from something that could be built into a pistol shaped enclosure to fire a bug zapping laser pulse (a fraction of a joule every few seconds) or the laser pointer mentioned above, to a football STADIUM sized monster.
		The National Ignition Facility is a solid state laser/amplifier array comprising over 7,000 optical elements, some more than a meter across, and producing megajoule pulses to be used for inertial confinement fusion research and nuclear bomb physics simulation.
		Solid state lasers may use frequency multiplication to generate the second harmonic (double or SHG), third harmonic (triple or THG), forth harmonic (quadruple or FHG), and even higher harmonics, though conversion efficiency generally goes down with increasing multiplication factor.
	www.repairfaq.org /sam/laserssl.htm (19892 words)

	From solid state to quantum and molecular electronics, the deepening of information proceesing
		Its electronic properties are so remarkable that "silicon" becomes equivalent with "integrated circuit" or "system chip", and an entire period of the electronics technology may be named "silicon electronics" or "silicon microelectronics".
		Two main principles [37] are essential for functional electronics, and for a functional technology: (a) to replace, whenever possible, mechanical structures with microelectronic-informatic structures; (b) to replace human beings, whenever possible, totally or partially, with microelectronic-informatic structures.
		Not many years ago, when I was still active in the domain of electronics, in a book I published with two colleagues [35] we considered that one of the main ideas for the future of electronics is to conceive first functions, and then the structures that realise these functions.
	www.racai.ro /~dragam/FromSolid.html (5711 words)

	Michigan Nanofabrication Facility
		The Michigan Nanofabrication Facility (MNF) at the University of Michigan Solid-State Electronics Laboratory (SSEL)
		The MNF builds on its experience in integration of Si-based electronics with MEMS transducers and micropackaging to push these interfaces into the nanometer regime with emphasis on the fabrication, packaging, and testing of integrated devices for chemical and biological sensing, electrical stimulation of biological systems, and integrated fluidic systems.
		Research is focused on the theory, design, and fabrication of electronic, optoelectronic, and micromachined devices, circuits, and microsystems, as well as on novel characterization and metrology techniques.
	www.nnin.org /nnin_michigan.html (365 words)

	Michael N. Kozicki
		Kozicki is involved with teaching and research in the field of solid state electronics and nanoelectrotechnology.
		Axon Technologies Corp., an ASU spin-out company involved in the development of low energy solid state memory as well as a variety of other disruptive technologies based on solid-state ionics.
		Arizona State University, and Honorary Faculty Fellow of the University of Edinburgh.
	www.eas.asu.edu /~mkozicki (655 words)

	Centre for Solid State Electronics, CSSE
		The Centre for Solid State Electronics, CSSE, incorporates the electronics activities within the new £10m Advanced Technology Institute, ATI, which is a collaboration between Electronics and Physics at Surrey in optoelectronic and microwave devices and circuits.
		Semiconductor Technology has development work in progress on advanced microwave devices/circuits, with the possibility of obtaining light emission from silicon, whilst Large Area Electronics studies disordered semiconducting material for applications in areas such as flat panel displays and sensors.
		Ion beam applications is a major feature involving collaboration with many groups, including about 35 UK universities, studying diverse materials ranging from semiconductors to cements/concrete, polymers and biological/medical materials.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /External/csse.html (203 words)

	ECE-UF Floridai Solid State Electronics Lab
		The research undertaken at the Florida Solid-State Electronics Laboratory focuses on the application of semiconductor material and device physics for delineating the fundamental limits of future submicron silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor and bipolar-junction transistors (MOSTs and BJTs) for multi-million-transistor digital and analog integrated circuits.
		Graduate and undergraduate participants receive hands-on direction by the two senior faculty members with more than 60 years of fundamental and manufacturing research experiences.
		Projects supported by industry include developing accelerated methodology to predict in less than 100 hours, the 10 year operation time-to-failure of deep-submicron Si MOSTs, Si BJTs and GeSi BJTs.
	www.ece.ufl.edu /research/solidstatelab.html (114 words)

	www.ic.chalmers.se - research
		The research at the Laboratory of Solid State Electronics is specialised on silicon and silicon related materials and devices.
		In collaboration with the Photonics Laboratory we are driving a research towards MOEMS and with the Microwave electronics Laboratory towards RF-MEMS.
		In the iLab project we develop remote laboratories for semiconductor device characterization in undergraduate courses.
	www.ic.chalmers.se (269 words)

	Roberts Chair in Solid State Electronics
		Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is soliciting nominations and applications for the endowed Roberts Chair in Solid State Electronics.
		The ECSE Department has about 40 faculty members with major strengths in the areas of Solid State/Integrated Electronics, Plasma Engineering and Electromagnetics, Automatic Controls/Robotics, Communications and Information Processing, and Computer Engineering.
		Research emphasis can include solid state devices and circuits; their design, manufacturing, modeling and characterization; or electronic/photonic devices and systems.
	hibp.ecse.rpi.edu /~connor/roberts.html (273 words)

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Topic: Solid state (electronics)

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