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Topic: Solid state nuclear track detector

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	Searching for WIMP Recoils in Ancient Mica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mica is a solid state nuclear track detector capable of recording the keV/amu recoil atoms produced in WIMP-nucleus collisions.
		One way to apply this idea is to look for fossil tracks in mica as old as 1 billion years.
		The mica is used as a detector and as a target.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v25n2/aas182/abshtml/S1307.html (266 words)

	[N] TERMS & DEFINITIONS IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
		NUCLEAR MEDICINE A branch of medicine "taken to embrace all applications of radioactive materials in diagnosis or treatment or in medical research with the exception of the use of sealed radiation sources in radiotherapy".
		NUCLEAR RADIUS The geometrical radius of the atomic nucleus; because of the relative incompressibility of nuclear matter, it is approximately proportional to the cube root of the atomic number of the nucleus.
		NUCLEAR REACTION A transformation of a nucleus which occurs (i) when another nuclear particle approaches closely enough to be influenced by the mutual attractive nuclear force between them or (ii) when affected by an electromagnetic force of sufficient strength.
	www.radiochemistry.org /nomenclature/n.htm (1195 words)

	Reszletes tematika/angol 96/F5
		The significance of studies of nuclei in the superdeformed state is that the mean field is different from that in normal nuclei: the 2:1 axis ratio means that the surface-to volume ratio is different and the mean field is in some sense stretched and deformed.
		On the basis of theoretical predictions, the formation of hyperdeformed nuclear states is expected at even higher spins (consequently at even smaller cross sections) than superdeformed states, and most probably in correlation with the emission of charged particles.
		In this sphere-like shape the nuclear spin is built up solely from the spin contribution of the individual nucleons, therefore for a given nucleon configuration this spin has a maximum value at which spin the collective band terminates (the terminating spin).
	dragon.klte.hu /~physphd/PHD04-24.htm (5646 words)

	[S] TERMS & DEFINITIONS IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
		SCINTILLATION DETECTOR A radiation detector using a medium in which a burst of luminescence radiation is produced along the path of an ionizing particle.
		SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR, P.I.N. A semiconductor detector consisting of a compensated region between a P and an N region.
		SOLID STATE TRACK DETECTOR An insulating solid in which the paths of nuclear particles suffer radiation damage of sufficient permanancy that they may be rendered visible through chemical etching processes.
	www.radiochemistry.org /nomenclature/s.htm (2347 words)

	RESUME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Eleventh National symposium on solid State Nuclear Track detectors, Amritsar, Oct. 12-14, 1998.
		Etching and annealing characteristics of fission tracks in garnet.
		Eleventh National Symposium on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, Amritsar, Oct 1998, pp.
	education.vsnl.com /physics/cv (1514 words)

	Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 12C + 12C at Elab = 40
		Experimental studies of nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions provided by the Warsaw U-200P Cyclotron were performed in collaboration with scientists from the Institute for Nuclear Studies in Kiev, Ukraine.
		Lectures on nuclear physics, accelerators, detectors used in nuclear research as well as on nuclear methods used in solid state studies for students from Warsaw High Schools and for students of Warsaw University were given by Dr. Andrzej Korman and Dr. Lech Nowicki.
		The theory is modified to include the excitation of collective states as well as of the incoherent particle-hole states of the shell model [2].
	www.ipj.gov.pl /common/annual2002/p1 (2656 words)

	Internal Dose Monitoring: Glossary of Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the United States, it is estimated that the population receives up to 1.5 millirem (0.3% of the average total annual dose) from worldwide fallout and about 0.5 millirem (or 0.1% of the average total annual dose) from operations related to nuclear power generation.
		The largest contribution to the radiation dose attributable to residual nuclear fallout in the Marshall Islands results from either internal exposure from intake of radionuclides through ingestion, inhalation and/or absorption through the skin, and external exposure from radionuclides distributed in the soil.
		The SSNTD is separated from the sample and chemically etched to expose the damaged areas (known as fission tracks) on the detector surface.
	eed.llnl.gov /mi/glossary.php (1911 words)

	[No title]
		Experiment, Approach:: The approach was to measure important detector parameters on a number of detectors before and after flight on the LDEF and try to determine the amount and cause of the degradation.
		After the detectors were returned to the laboratory, all tests and measurements were repeated to determine the amount and type of damage suffered during launch and exposure.
		Four of the twenty flight detectors were further shielded by a solid aluminum plate which blocked their view of space but left them exposed to space vacuum.
	setas-www.larc.nasa.gov /PrISMtoHTML/data/Experiments/ldef_exp.out (18100 words)

	Daily Excelsior.........State
		Asserting that greater autonomy to the state will bring large sections of the population to the national mainstream and help in creating a conducive atmosphere for resolution of long standing issues, he demanded that serious efforts be made for restoration of maximum autonomy.
		He said the poll irregularities in past by ruling party is one of the reasons of the present militancy in the state and by repeating the same it appears that NC has not learnt any thing from the decade long turmoil and destruction.
		He also blamed the State Government for prevailing financial crunch saying that the funds are being spent on unproductive works while the common man is suffering.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /99oct31/state.htm (3079 words)

	LLNL Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the past year faculty and students at the Nuclear Physics Laboratory, (NPL) at the State University of New York in Geneseo, worked with collaborators at LLNL and LLE to develop nuclear diagnostic measurements and calibrations at Omega and NPL.
		The detector would be constructed of a carbon foil, which would produce electrons when struck by knock on fuel nuclei.
		The energy and particle flux of protons was determined using the calibrated surface barrier detector, and the track diameters were measured at LLE.
	www.geneseo.edu /~nuclear/Mei/phyinfo/llnl/llnl_proposal.htm (1948 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		In a number of materials energetic, heavy nuclear particles leave trails of radiation-damaged material that can be selectively attacked by chemical reagents to produce tracks visible in the optical microscope.
		It was found that for each detector there is a fairly narrow range of dE/dx values over which the trackregistration efficiency varies from unity to zero.
		Solid-state track detectors presently offer unique advantages when heavy particles must be studied in the presence of a high background flux of light particles.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4112940 (377 words)

	Neutron Dosimeter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Neutrak 144 detector is a CR-39 (allyl diglycol carbonate) based, solid-state nuclear track detector that measures exposure due to neutrons.
		During analysis in our laboratory, the CR-39 is etched in a chemical bath to enlarge exposure tracks.
		The fast neutron dose is measured by counting the tracks generated as a result of the proton recoil with the polyethylene radiator, while the thermal dose is measured by counting the alpha tracks generated with the boron radiator.
	www.landauerinc.com /neutron.htm (600 words)

	Radiation Dosimeter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The OSL detector inside Luxel+ is a thin strip of specially formulated aluminum oxide (Al) crystalline material.
		The optional neutron detector is a CR-39 (allyl diglycol carbonate) based, solid-state nuclear track detector.
		The Al detector can be restimulated numerous times to confirm the accuracy of a radiation dose measurement.
	www.landauerinc.com /luxelosl.htm (427 words)

	intas 93-3670 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The scientific programme of the conference will emphasise, besides all basic aspects of track science, the application of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD’s) and of track science in different fields such as physics, life sciences, environment, earth sciences, space and technology.
		Use of solid state nuclear track detectors for determination of fissile radionuclides in hair of inhabitants of Belarus
		Track annealing characteristics for natural glasses of different chemical composition: a problem of Zhamanshin impact crater dating.
	www.intas.be /catalog/93-3670.htm (797 words)

	MSc Course Units_Department of Nuclear Science
		Scintillation counters Scintillation detector principle, Photo multiplier tubes, Radiation spectroscopy with scintillators: Semiconductor detectors; semiconductor diode detectors, Lithium drifted germanium detectors, Other solid state detectors, Neutron detectors and spectroscopy; Slow neutron detection methods, Fast neutron detection and spectroscopy.
		Mass energy balance of nuclear reactions, the coulomb barrier, nuclear reaction cross section, compound nucleus mechanisms, Disintegration of unstable nuclei; negative beta decay, positive beta decay, electron capture, alpha decay, gamma ray emission, internal conversion.
		Candidates who fails to satisfy the requirement of section (c) of the rules of examination criteria will be required to correct and re-submit the dissertation in such a manner as may be directed by the examiners.
	www.cmb.ac.lk /temp/new_science/Nuclear_Science/MSc_units.htm (1483 words)

	TFCBooks -- Tesla Site Glossary
		It is associated with the high level pulse as a result of a nuclear detonation and with intentionally generated narrow, high-amplitude pulse for ECM applications.
		In the case of nuclear detonations, EMP consists of a continuous spectrum with most of its energy distributed through the low frequency band of 3 KHz to 1 MHz.
		In layman's terms, photons are the building blocks of electromagnetic radiation: that is, a photon is a "particle" of light, although, according to quantum mechanics, all particles, including the photon, also have some of the properties of a wave.
	www.tfcbooks.com /mainpage/glossary.htm (13065 words)

	RESUME
		Biennial Symposium on Nuclear and Radiochemistry, BARC Mumbai (2003) pp.
		Measurement of equilibrium factor “F” between radon and its progeny and thoron and its progeny in indoor atmosphere using nuclear track detectors.
		Comparative studies of radon using solid state nuclear track detectors and ionization chamber.
	www.geocities.com /rcramola/publist (918 words)

	Academics - Schools - School Of Archaeological Dating
		C14 dating is regarded as one of the most ingenious methods of nuclear process application.
		With the technical support of Dr G. Rajagopal, Deputy Director, Birbal Sahani Institute, Lucknow, and Dr Debasis Ghosh of the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, this Unit will soon be fully operational as a major national research facility.
		Further, to initiate fission track dating techniques, a Solid State Nuclear Track Detector facility has been developed in this laboratory.
	www.jadavpur.edu /academics/schools_archeo.htm (458 words)

	Particle-Surface Resources on the Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Amptek's homepage has links to detailed descriptions of their particle detectors and electronics, which are designed to operate in high vacuum environments.
		The Nuclear Solid State Physics Group (NVSF) homepage at the University of Groningen (Netherlands) includes links to current research of the group including an interesting description of a "softlanding ion deposition" technique for depositing radioactive ions on surfaces.
		The Laboratory of Radiation Solid State Physics in Obninsk, Russia carries out research on radiation damage and transient phenomena in materials under intensive pulsed or continuous radiation.
	chaos.fullerton.edu /mhslinks.html (5363 words)

	[No title]
		A BF3 and a 3He detector of neutrons were arranged around the chamber, with a paraffin moderator allowing detection of continuous neutron emission, and the pulses from the 3He detector were recorded as well.
		The article shows a stylised figure of an electrochemical cnf cell, gives some general fusion background, describes a spectrum of cnf experiments, the problem of Coulomb barrier to fusion, tunnelling and screening.
		Some were associated with, for example, switching on of the galvanostat, or with movement of a thermocouple in the detector well, leading to an electrical contact or, in some cases, with a nearby nuclear reactor being turned on.
	www.chem.au.dk /~db/fusion/alpha_L (2689 words)

	:: Web Radon.com ::
		Laboratories providing commercial analytical services use passive alpha track detectors which have a low manufacture cost, are reusable, and may be sent by mail.
		Unlike other the new device can start and stop the radon exposure recording: during pull the piston air is driven inside through the filter, and when push the piston all the radon laden air is driven out.
		Time-integrating passive alpha track recording is the best and the cheapest health risk indicator at home and at workplaces against radon exposure.
	www.webradon.com /radotrack.htm (831 words)

	Undergraduate Course Units_Department of Nuclear Science
		Different types, Gas filled detectors, Scintillation detectors, Semiconductor detector, Solid State Nuclear Track Detection, Detection of neutrons, Radiation spectroscopy, Statistics of Nuclear Measurements, Nuclear Electronics.
		Properties of the atomic nucleus; Disintegration of radioactive nuclei; Interaction of radiation with matter; Chemical effects of nuclear radiation; detection and measurement of radiation; Radiation dose; Basic cell radiobiology.
		Semiconductor detector, Dose-measuring instruments: Pocket dosimeters, Film badges, Thermoluminescent dosimeter, ion current chamber, Neutron Measurements, Detection reactions, Neutron counting with a proportional counter, Neutron equivalent meter, Alberdo neutron dosimeter, Calibration: Gamma-rays, Beta-rays, Alpha-rays, Neutrons.
	www.cmb.ac.lk /temp/new_science/Nuclear_Science/BSc_units.htm (1143 words)

	Plant Science Bulletin - 1978, Voume 24, Issue 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The stated purpose of this little guide is to provide a quick reference for identification of seaweeds from Maine to Florida.
		Brachet's review of nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions is mostly about RNA and protein exchanges between the nucleus and cytoplasm and doesn't consider less conspicuous exchanges of materials which could also be important.
		The editors state that they have attempted to present, "from an ecological point of view an analytical as well as a synoptic survey of the large field of, 'Water and plant life'.
	www.botany.org /PlantScienceBulletin/psb-1978-24-1.php (10185 words)

	Defence Research Development Organisation
		During this period, he established the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) Facilities at Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur and worked in Nuclear Defence, Management of Radioactivity and generation of databank base and radiations in natural environment and development of radiation measurement devices using SSNTD.
		Besides, he has also developed Mobile Nuclear Field Laboratory for measurement of radioactivity in the environmental matrices and integrated panel for underground shelter.
		He organized Seventh National Conference on particle tracks in solids in 1991 and edited its proceedings.
	www.drdo.org /labs/material/index.shtml (559 words)

	Henry Greenside's Duke Physics Challenges
		Unbound (scattering) states always lie above bound states, i.e., the lower bound of energies for unbound states is always greater than the upper bound of energies for bound states.
		More generally: the energy of a photon needed to excite a molecule from one bound state to another decreases as the nuclear masses of the molecule are increased (leaving the potential unchanged, e.g., by replacing atoms by heavier isotopes).
		The reason is that there is a finite probability of finding the electron and positron in the same small region of space in which case the two particles can annihilate one other, the positronium atom disappears, and in its place two high-energy photons (gamma rays) are observed.
	www.phy.duke.edu /~hsg/physics-challenges/challenges.html (10768 words)

	Summary
		Kozima, H., et al., Nuclear reactions in surface layers of deuterium-loaded solids.
		Kozima, H. and K. Arai, Localized nuclear transmutation in PdHx observed by Bockris and Minevski revealed a characteristic of CF phenomenon.
		Kozima, H. Excited states of nucleons in a nucleus and cold fusion phenomenon in transition-metal hydrides and deuterides.
	www.lenr-canr.org /PAvailable1.htm (9017 words)

	[No title]
		[8] THE MACRO DETECTOR FOR THE GRAN SASSO LABORATORY.
		[27] OVERVlEW OF THE MACRO DETECTOR AT THE GRAN SASSO LABORATORY.
		Tracks in Solids, Marburg (Germany), Sept. 1990 Nucl.
	hepr5.tamu.edu /conflist.txt (1453 words)

	PNNL - Federal Laboratory Consortium Awards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PNNL researchers are world leaders in advancing the state of a powerful research tool called molecular beam epitaxy, or MBE, and applying the method to new materials.
		MESA State College now has a license to use the software and is seeking partners interested in licensing the technology.
		George Endres was instrumental in transferring the technology to nuclear reactor facilities for use in personnel dose equivalent measurements.
	www.pnl.gov /main/welcome/awards/flc (9835 words)

	Graduate Study of Nuclear Engineering in Ljubljana
		Nearly thirty years ago the University of Ljubljana initiated the first graduate program in Nuclear Engineering.
		The program serves the needs of Slovenia and of the international community related to peaceful use of nuclear power.
		Its objective is qualified manpower development for nuclear facilities and organizations involved in nuclear power projects.
	www2.ijs.si /~podiprt (912 words)

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