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Topic: Solvay process

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	Soda ash, Solvay style
		Solvay was apparently unaware of this earlier work when he began investigating the use of brine to make soda ash around 1861.
		The heart of his process was a cylindrical iron-carbonizing tower in which rising carbon dioxide mixes with a spray of ammonia brine.
		Solvay Process and its affiliated Semet-Solvay Co., which designed, built, and operated byproduct coke ovens, became major parts of Allied Chemical and Dye Corp. when it was formed in 1920.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/tcaw/11/i02/html/02chemchron.html (1502 words)

	The ammonia-soda (Solvay) process (from chemical industry) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Leblanc process was eventually replaced by the ammonia-soda process (called the Solvay process), which was first practiced successfully in Belgium in the 1860s.
		In this process, sodium chloride as a strong brine is treated with ammonia and carbon dioxide to give sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride.
		The process was devised and first put to commercial use by Ernest Solvay, who built a plant in 1865 in Couillet, Belg., and was improved in the 1870s by the German-born British chemist Ludwig Mond.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-82216?tocId=82216 (817 words)

	Solvay process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When properly designed and operated, a Solvay plant can reclaim almost all its ammonia, and consumes only small amounts of additional ammonia to make up for losses.
		Though NaHCO3 is produced in the Solvay process, heating it to remove the ammonia it is contaminated with, decomposes some NaHCO3 so it is actually cheaper to react the finished Na2CO3 product with CO2.
		His solution, an 80-foot-tall gas absorption tower in which carbon dioxide bubbled up through a descending flow of brine, together with efficient recovery and recycling of the ammonia, proved effective, and by 1864, Solvay and his brother Alfred had acquired financial backing and constructed a plant in the Belgian town of Charleroi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solvay_process (754 words)

	HSC Online
		This process was first used by Ernest Solvay in Belgium in the 1860s in an attempt to find a use for ammonia. Ammonia was being produced as a by-product in the coke industry.
		In 1997, the Solvay plant at Osborne was pumping 200 tonnes per day of waste (mainly unburnt calcium carbonate, sand and clays from the kiln) into the adjacent river, forming huge sludge deposits.
		The Solvay process is exothermic, so waste water must be cooled before it is returned to rivers or ocean.
	hsc.csu.edu.au /chemistry/options/industrial/2765/Ch956.htm (1435 words)

	SOLVAY PUBLIC LIBRARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Solvay Public Library is a municipal public library of the Village of Solvay, New York.
		The library is home to the Solvay Process Collection, an historic collection of photographs, technical documents, and other archival materials donated by Allied Chemical Corporation.
		Solvay Process Company, formed in 1881, was a major manufacturer in the Solvay community.
	www.clrc.org /solvay (111 words)

	Castle Falkenstein PlotLines and Intrigues
		The Belgian chemist Solvay has shown us that science can be used not only for the development of new machines that simplify life and work, but also clean manufacturing processes.
		Solvay Process for the Distillation of Soda Ash
		The centrepiece of Solvay's Process is an 80-foot tall high-efficiency carbonating tower.
	www.lange.demon.co.uk /Castle_Falkenstein/LiveAction/Brochure.html (3062 words)

	Jemeppe-sur-Sambre (Municipality, Province of Namur, Belgium) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Solvay Group was founded in 1863 to exploit the ammonia-soda process for producing sodium carbonate (known as the Solvay process), patented by Ernest Solvay on 15 April 1861.
		Ernest Solvay (1838-1922) was the son of a quarry master from Rebecq-Rognon.
		Ernest Solvay bought in 1893 the castle of La Hulpe and was confered the title of Count Solvay of La Hulpe by King Albert I. The castle of Mielmont was built in the XIIth century on a spur dominating the valley of Sambre.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/be-wnajs.html (1339 words)

	Solvay, Ernest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Solvay was born near Brussels and had little formal education, but carried out chemical experiments in a small home laboratory.
		Within a year he had discovered and patented the reactions that are the basis of the Solvay process.
		Solvay soon realized that there was more money to be made from granting licences to other manufacturers than there was in making soda.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Solvay/1.html (180 words)

	Solvay Press News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Solvay group today announces a new step in the implementation of its strategy: the Group intends to simplify and increase the efficiency of its organization, with two important structural changes.
		Solvay is an international chemicals and pharmaceuticals group with headquarters in Brussels.
		Solvay’s Pharmaceuticals Sector is a research-based organization, whose sales were EUR 1.8 billion in 2003, with 7,500 employees worldwide.
	www.solvayplastics.com /services/news/0,,21371-2-0,00.htm (622 words)

	Caveman to Chemist Projects: Chloralkali
		The prize was awarded in 1783 to Nicolas Leblanc for a process which used sea salt and sulfuric acid as the raw materials.
		Nevertheless, the process became the mainstay of the alkali industry and by 1885 it was being used to produce more than 400,000 tons per year.
		By 1863 a Belgian named Ernest Solvay had developed a competitive process which was free of many of the practical problems posed by the Leblanc process.
	www.cavemanchemistry.com /oldcave/projects/chloralkali (2767 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1861 to 1863 Solvay developed a process for the production of sodium carbonate, now known as the Solvay "ammonia-soda" process.
		By 1866 the Solvay process was well-established at Couillet, Belgium, and replaced the old LeBlanc "fl-ash" process.
		Solvay became wealthy as a result, and contributed to various philanthropic and research organizations and opposed the amassing of "unearned" inherited wealth.
	www.chem.uky.edu /courses/che105/biografy/solvay.html (84 words)

	[No title]
		The American patents were held by the Solvay Process Company, incorporated in New York in 1881.
		The Solvay Securities Company was formed in 1918 as a holding company for Solvay Process stock.
		The Solvay Process Company was absorbed in 1921 by the Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation.
	www.rihs.org /mssinv/Mss483sg43.htm (733 words)

	Solvay process -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		The process proved of great commercial value, since large quantities of soda ash are used in making glass, detergents, and cleansers.
		Cheddar and Colby cheeses are used in the manufacture of American cheese, a popular pasteurized process variety that melts well and is often used on cheeseburgers.
		The four principal processes are: (1) letterpress, in which the ink is applied to type or illustrative material that is raised from a background surface and is pressed directly onto the substrate; (2) offset lithography, in which the ink is first applied to a flat metal plate mounted on a cylindrical...
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9379079 (740 words)

	History of Chemical Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, the process produced hazardous by-products including hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides, sulphur and chlorine gas, which often escaped or were released to the atmosphere where they damaged public health and the environment.
		The Solvay process featured an 80 foot tall high-efficiency carbonating tower, in which ammoniated brine was poured down from the top while carbon dioxide bubbled up from the bottom, producing the desired sodium carbonate.
		Solvay's process relied on intimate contact between the gas and liquid.
	www.cheng.cam.ac.uk /exemplarch2002/mcp21/thistory.html (366 words)

	U of U Department of Chemical Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This was because during the final stage of the process, nitrate (in the form of nitric oxide) was lost to the atmosphere thereby necessitating a make-up stream of fresh nitrate.
		A petition against the Le Blanc Process in 1839 complained that "the gas from these manufactories is of such a deleterious nature as to blight everything within its influence, and is alike baneful to health and property.
		Solvay Process was perfected in 1863 by a Belgian chemist named Ernest Solvay.
	www.che.utah.edu /welcome/history.shtml (4032 words)

	Neutrec
		process easily meets the performance requirements of the new European Directive 2000/76/EC of 4 December 2000 for the incineration and co-incineration of municipal and industrial waste.
		process guidelines, the purification meets the strictest emission limits, with a particularly low combustion of the order of 10-15 kg of sodium bicarbonate reagent per ton of solid municipal waste.
		process allows flue gas purification products to be treated and recycled as a function of the particular processes and local technical, legislative and economic constraints.
	www.neutrec.com /market/0,0,-_EN-1000023,00.html (560 words)

	Solvay process on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		SOLVAY PROCESS [Solvay process] [for Ernest Solvay ], commercial process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate (washing soda).
		Solvay Advanced Polymers' IXEF Polyarylamide Improves Performance, Lowers Cost of Structural Applications Using Gas-Assist Injection Molding; New combination of product and process delivers metal-like performance with durable high gloss surface finish.
		Solvay PVC recovery process to be used in Japan.(Environmental Issues)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Solvaypr.asp (294 words)

	TPOs in Development for Special Twin-Sheet Process - Solvay Engineered Polymers - 04/05
		Solvay Engineered Polymers Inc., Auburn Hills, Mich., has teamed up with Novo Foam Products LLC, Findlay, Ohio, the developer of a lightweight thermoformed pallet that combines a strong and durable TPO outer skin with a lightweight, resilient expanded PP (EPP) bead foam core.
		A key element of the special process is the steam-chest molded EPP foam, which serves as a plug assist as well as the stiff, lightweight core of the finished pallet.
		Solvay is developing more materials for automotive structural panels such as tonneau covers and load floors and horizontal load-bearing panels like trunk decks and RV floors.
	www.plasticstechnology.com /articles/kuw/17358.html (245 words)

	History of ChEn: Setting the Stage
		The "chemical engineer" of these years was either a mechanical engineer who had gained some knowledge of chemical process equipment, a chemical plant foreman with a lifetime of experience but little education, or an applied chemist with knowledge of large scale industrial chemical reactions.
		Solvay Process (see Solvay above) was perfected in 1863 by a Belgian chemist named Ernest Solvay.
		Solvay's process had several advantages over the Le Blanc process which it rapidly replaced: 1) continuous operation, 2) a product which was easier to purify, and 3) no dirty, hazardous, and hard to dispose of bi-products.
	www.pafko.com /history/h_1888.html (2712 words)

	Dual Alkali Approaches for the Capture and Separation of CO2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Solvay process utilizes two alkalis in sequential order to convert CO to sodium carbonate for commercial use.
		The ability to transform CO into sodium carbonate cost-effectively would be a breakthrough in CO sequestration by providing benign long-term storage of CO However, the Solvay process was not designed for CO sequestration and is not practical for use in the sequestration of CO from fossil fuel power plants.
		The new modified process, called the Dual Alkali Approach, attempts to replace either or both bases, ammonia and lime, in the Solvay process with other compounds to make CO capture and separation efficient.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/2001/15/i02/abs/ef0002400.html (252 words)

	Solvay process
		Industrial process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate.
		It is a multistage process in which carbon dioxide is generated from limestone and passed through brine saturated with ammonia.
		Sodium hydrogencarbonate is isolated and heated to yield sodium carbonate.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026511.html (119 words)

	Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate
		The Solvay process is significant, because it uses inexpensive and plentiful raw materials to prepare useful chemicals.
		Another chemical used in the process is ammonia, NH When ammonia is added to aqueous CO, it reacts with hydrogen ions.
		Were it not for the recycling of ammonia, the Solvay process would be economically impractical.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/Bicarb/SodiumBicarb.html (590 words)

	Honeywell History
		The Solvay Process Company, responsible for the first commercial soda ash plant in the United States, was founded in 1881 on the outskirts of Syracuse, NY, near the regional abundance of salt and limestone.
		At Syracuse, New York, in 1892 the Solvay Process Company was the first to construct the new by-product ovens in America, and three years later formed the Semet-Solvay Company to build and operate them.
		Judge Miller served as general counsel of the Solvay Companies was elected to the office of Chief Executive of the State of New York.
	www.hon-area.org /history.html (5749 words)

	Press release : SOLVAY CompanynewsGroup
		Innovative Megaplant based on Solvay Technology to be built in Antwerp(B) Solvay welcomes the announcement by BASF Aktiengesellschaft and The Dow Chemical Company concerning the finalization of plans to build a world-scale Propylene Oxide plant in Antwerp, Belgium.
		The new plant will implement the Hydrogen Peroxide to Propylene Oxide (HPPO) process and Solvay was upheld as the preferred partner to supply it with Hydrogen Peroxide (H202).
		The scaling and timing of their new Hydrogen Peroxide plant will meet the needs of the HPPO unit and is expected to come on stream in 2008 with an annual capacity of more than 200,000 metric tons of Hydrogen Peroxide in one single line of production.
	www.companynewsgroup.com /communique.asp?co_id=91649 (362 words)

	Operations Management, 5th Edition Chapter 21 -- Buffalo Alkali and Plastics
		Buffalo, New York, was selected as the site for the soda ash operation because of the close proximity of both brine wells and limestone deposits, both necessary to the Solvay Process.
		Until the 1960s, soda ash was almost exclusively produced by the Solvay Process.
		Production costs for natural soda ash are much lower than those for synthetic soda ash produced by the Solvay Process.) Buffalo Alkali and Plastics' plants remain competitive only because of their close proximity to markets.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/heizer/chapter21/essay1/deluxe-content.html (791 words)

	/history of ChEn: Setting the Stage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By 1880 it was evident that the Solvay Process would rapidly supersede the traditional Le Blanc Process.
		His process is said to have began the modern chemical industry.
		Solvay's process had several advantages over the Le Blanc process which it rapidly replaced: 1) continuous operation, 2) a product which was easier to purify, and 3) no dirty and hard to dispose of bi-products.
	hamlin.cc.boun.edu.tr /~che/akman/history/h_1888.html (2604 words)

	MAJOR-SMOLINSKI \| GOING HOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Solvay Process eventually became part of Allied Chemical, which closed the facility several years ago.
		Despite the dirt and grime, we loved our hometown and laughed off all attempts at derision, like the sing-song "Solvay dump, Solvay dump, you can tell when you're there by the odor in the air." We knew that beneath all the jokes was a large layer of jealousy.
		Solvay was a tight-knit, comfortable, front-porch community where you knew your neighbors – and knew them well.
	major-smolinski.com /taleREUNION.html (1086 words)

	News Item: Solvay and Takuma Enter into Agreement to Sell Sodium Bicarbonate for Flue Gas Cleaning i
		Solvay (Brussels) and Takuma (Amagasaki) signed a distribution agreement to market sodium bicarbonate for purifying combustion gases in Japan.
		In the framework of the agreement, Takuma will market Solvay's Bicar® sodium bicarbonate to be used in smoke-cleansing systems for municipal solid waste incineration plants in Japan, while Solvay will supply the product as well as technical information on the Neutrec® process.
		The primary markets for the process are the incineration of household wastes, hospital wastes and special industrial waste.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1043 (440 words)

	Processing Magazine - Solutions for the Processing Industry
		Solvay has been producing a pharmaceutical product in its OptiMix reactor for 10 months and has obtained an improvement in mixing efficiency over that of the previous, conventional reactor, reports M. Romain Pleuvry, a Solvay process engineer.
		He says the new unit has eliminated the problem of solid particles flotation at the surface of the reaction medium, and that the absence of a baffle flange mounted atop the reactor has freed room for a large nozzle that is used to introduce raw materials.
		Another advantage of the OptiMix design is that the absence of a conventional baffle eliminates dead zones where the baffle enters the vessel through the top head, and allows easier cleaning of the reactor between batches.
	www.processingmagazine.com /productarticle.asp?ArticleID=808 (406 words)

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