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Topic: Solvolysis

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	Copolymers of poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) or poly(vinyl alcohol) - Patent 4618649
		Molecular weights of the corresponding poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers obtained through solvolysis are about 1/3 of the value for poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) copolymers due to loss of mass of the trifluoroacetate groups from the poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) copolymer.
		After solvolysis, the poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers of the invention comprise 85 to 99.97 weight percent of vinyl alcohol monomer units and 0.03 to 15 weight percent of comonomer units derived from vinyl esters and disubstituted ethylenes.
		Solvolysis is typically carried out under relatively mild conditions, for example, using methanolic ammonium hydroxide at approximately 20.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4618649.html (5679 words)

	Cellulose ester compositions and process for the preparation thereof - Patent 5142034 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one solvolysis promoter is selected from metal carboxylates, metal carbonates, metal oxides, metal carbonyls, or metal halides, exclusive of the fluorides, as well as mixtures of any two or more thereof.
		A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one solvolysis promoter is selected from alkali metal compounds which are at least sparingly soluble in the reaction medium.
		The inventors state that the zinc chloride must be removed before the hydrolysis of the resulting ester because the zinc chloride limits the amount of water which may be used in the hydrolysis and increases the rate at which the viscosity (which is indicative of molecular weight) is reduced.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5142034.html (9930 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Faculty Page - Dennis N. Kevill
		Kevill, D. N.; D'Souza, M. Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of benzoyl chloride and derivatives using extended forms of the Grunwald-Winstein equation.
		Kevill, D. N.; D'Souza, M. Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of n-octyl fluoroformate and a comparison with n-octyl chloroformate solvolysis.
		The specific solvolysis rates for triethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate have been used to set up a scale of relative solvent nucleophilicities.
	www.chembio.niu.edu /chembio/kevill.html (533 words)

	Perkin Transaction 2 Articles
		Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of n-octyl fluoroformate and a comparison with n-octyl chloroformate solvolysis
		The specific rates of solvolysis of n-octyl fluoroformate have been measured at 24.2 °C in 28 pure and binary solvents.
		For seven solvents, a parallel study was made of n-octyl chloroformate solvolysis and F : Cl specific rate ratios were, in most instances, above unity, consistent with the association step of an association—dissociation (addition—elimination) pathway being rate-determining.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/Journals/P2/article.asp?doi=b109169g (116 words)

	Acid-Catalyzed Solvolysis of CMP-N-Acetyl Neuraminate: Evidence for a Sialyl Cation with a Finite Lifetime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An investigation of the mechanism of solvolysis of CMP-N-acetyl neuraminate (CMP-NeuAc) is presented that includes synthesis of a family of isotopically labeled CMP-NeuAc's, use of new methodology for measurement of multiple kinetic isotope effects for acid-catalyzed solvolysis of CMP-NeuAc, and a stereochemical analysis of the reaction by solvolysis in aqueous methanol.
		Solvolysis of CMP-NeuAc at pH 5 or pH 6 in methanol/water mixtures afforded NeuAc, equal quantities of the
		The observation of racemization in the solvolysis reaction supports a reaction pathway that proceeds with the formation of a sialyl cation after the transition state.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/jacsat/118/i43/abs/ja961811z.html (257 words)

	[No title]
		In today's experiment, we shall investigate some effects on the solvolysis of t-butyl chloride in water-acetone solvent, a representative example of a simple but important class of reactions in organic chemistry.
		The major product of the solvolysis of t-butyl chloride in water-acetone is t-butyl alcohol, with a small amount of isobutylene being formed as a by product.
		As solvolysis of the t-butyl chloride proceeds, the acid produced [see Equations (1) and (2)] will be neutralized by the sodium hydroxide.
	www.unf.edu /~jpradhan/hydrls2.htm (1536 words)

	AFDC: Selected Citation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This investigation studied the effect of temperature on solvolysis of a single lignocellulose wafer by a 100% HF vapor stream under carefully controlled laboratory conditions.
		Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride vapor at ambient conditions readily absorbed onto lignocellulose and solvolytically cleaved the cellulose fraction to solid glucosyl fluoride, which, upon posthydrolysis, produced a glucose yield of 94% of theoretical.
		Adsorption of HF vapor onto the lignocellulosic matrix was necessary for cellulose solvolysis.
	www.eere.energy.gov /afdc/progs/vwbs2.cgi?1031 (357 words)

	Akademik / Full Member Dionis Emerik Sunko - Članci / Articles
		Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effects in the Solvolysis of Cyclobutyl and Cyclo-propylcarbinyl Methanesulfonates.
		Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effects in the Solvolysis of cis- and trans-2-Acetoxycyc!ohexyl 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonates.
		The Role and the Fate of Neighboring Hydrogen in the Solvolysis of Neomenthyl Tosylate.
	mahazu.hazu.hr /Akademici/DESunko_cl.html (1649 words)

	Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
		Solvolysis of secondary versus tertiary halides, effects of leaving groups, solvolysis of/and reactions of sodium iodide and silver nitrate with isomers of bromobutane, S
		Solvolysis of Alkyl Bromides: Secondary versus Tertiary Halides
		Solvolysis of tert-Butyl Chloride and tert-Butyl Bromide - Effects of Leaving Group
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG10/MENU.HTM (127 words)

	SN1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 1 indicates that the reaction is unimolecular - only one species is involved in the slow step of the reaction.
		Consider the solvolysis of t-butyl bromide in water.
		Attack of a base on a H atom on a carbon atom adjacent to the carbocation (E1).
	people.uis.edu /gtram1/organic/alkylHalides/sn1.htm (351 words)

	.: Research - Richard Research Group :.
		Our work on carbocations had focused on defining the stability of these species as intermediates of solvolysis reactions, through the determination of rate and equilibrium constants for these stepwise reactions (Scheme 1).
		The values of the rate constants for bond cleavage and formation depend strongly on substrate structure and are generally similar, respectively, to the experimental rate constants for solvolysis of R-X and capture of the carbocation reaction intermediate R
		By comparison, the rate constants for reversible separation of ion pairs to free ions show a much smaller dependence on the structure of the ions and a significant dependence on the solvent.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~jrichard/r_ionpairs.html (550 words)

	Structural Analysis of Carbohydrates
		The result of the solvolysis, after evaporation of the solvent, is a glycosyl fluoride which most often is directly hydrolysed to the monosaccharide upon addition of water as the last amount of HF is most difficult to evaporate.
		As hydrogen fluoride reacts with glass the solvolysis is often performed in a specially designed reaction apparatus made of Kel-F, a trifluorochloro-ethylene polymer.
		For complete solvolysis to the monomers usually room temperature reactions are used.
	www.casper.organ.su.se /sop/sop2.html (664 words)

	SVIBOR - Papers - project code: 1-07-006
		Summary: According to the values obtained by solvolysis of the titlecompound in 80% aqueous ethanol it is concluded that solvolysisproceeds through the carbonium ion, probably withpi-participation and by concerted mechanism.
		Summary: The mechanism of the solvolysis reaction of cyclopropylmethylmethanesulfonate was studied.
		According to the values obtained andcomparing them to those previously published, it is concludedthat the title compound solvolyzes in 80% ethanol through thecarbonium ion, probably with pi-participation of at least onedouble bond.
	www.mzos.hr /svibor/1/07/006/rad_e.htm (187 words)

	Nugent, Maurice Joseph (1965-03-12) Part 1. B-ferrocenylalkyl carbonium ions. Part 2. The stereospecific syntheses of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The solvolysis mechanism of [Beta]-ferrocenylalkyl tosylates is discussed.
		Evidence is presented which shows that solvolysis occurs with preferential participation of the interannular electrons of the ferrocene moiety leading to intermediate formation of very stable carbonium ions.
		The stereochemistry of solvolysis of (-)-1-ferrocenyl-2propyl-p-toluenesulfonate has also been examined and found to occur with complete retention of configuration.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-01152004-112000 (141 words)

	[No title]
		While it is stirring, you can start the second solvolysis reaction with 30:70 ethanol:water in a new erlenmeyer flask, with a new, filled buret of NaOH and a new 1-mL aliquot of the alkyl chloride solution.
		Experimental Details - Solvolysis - Continued (p.3) After one hour has elapsed, titrate the colorless solution from the first solvolysis reaction with the NaOH from the buret clamped above it.
		Determine the slope (k, the rate constant) in min-1 for each solvolysis and record in report form.
	www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu /organic/labs/solvolysis.doc (710 words)

	FEBS Abstract
		The first step of the solvolysis of CMP-NeuAc is a proton attack in acidic environment.
		Two other possible pathways has been suggested [2]; both were recognized to be not likely from the experimental data concerning products of this reaction what has been confirmed by theoretical calculations.
		The remaining pathway of CMP-NeuAc solvolysis suggested by experimental data and confirmed by theoretical findings: a rapid equilibrium protonation with formation of NeuAc oxocarbenium ion and following second step of the reaction have been characterized.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /febsabstracts2004/abstract.asp?id=17354 (396 words)

	[No title]
		The most suitable method for comparing solvolysis rates is based on the fact that a strong acid is liberated in the reaction:
		The effect of temperature on the rate of solvolysis of tert-butyl chloride can be studied using the procedure and solvent mixtures of Part B at different temperatures.
		Calculate the activation energy for the solvolysis of tert-butyl chloride in the solvent used by multiplying the slope value by 2.3.R. Show your calculations.
	science.csustan.edu /almy/3012/Sn1Sn2.htm (2347 words)

	Thesis ADEME
		This research involved the systematic study of the influence of numerous parameters on the solvolysis performance for different PCBs.
		In such solvolysis conditions, cyclisation reactions, and more surprisingly, transetherification reactions, leading to a solvent degradation, have been outlined.
		The organic liquid, which contains large amounts of solvent, can be used for the solvolysis of PET waste so as to obtain a precursory polyol for polyurethane foams with flame retardant properties owing to organobromine functionality in the polymer.
	www.ademe.fr /anglais/thesis/thesis03/vath190903.htm (272 words)

	Nucleophilic Substitution & Elimination
		When the nucleophile is also the solvent, the reaction is called "solvolysis." Solvents like water and alcohols are particularly useful here, because they provide both a nucleophilic pair of electrons on the oxygen atom of the OH group and a fairly polar solvent which helps to stabilize the strongly polar transition state.
		The latter effect is much like the way in which a polar solvent dissolves a very polar substance like salt by surrounding its charged ions with polar solvent molecules.
		Solvolysis of a tertiary alkyl halide using an alcohol as both nucleophile and solvent can make an ether very effectively.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/SN1Elim.html (2034 words)

	George Kriz
		My current research is to synthesize interesting organic and organometallic compounds with deuterium located in strategic positions and to study the kinetics of solvolysis of these substances.
		The kinetics of solvolysis of these compounds is measured conductometrically or spectrophotometrically, with the kinetic experiments conducted at Indiana University in cooperation with Professor V. Shiner, Jr.
		The kinetics data are treated by a sophisticated computer program to yield the actual rate constants with a degree of precision.
	atom.chem.wwu.edu /dept/staff/org/gkriz.html (459 words)

	Wesley - Natural Science & Mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The proposed experiments may lead to better ways to measure and understand the effects of the solvent (medium) in which these reactions take place and this would increase our understanding of their reaction mechanisms.
		"Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of n-Octylfluoroformate and a Comparison with n-Octylchloroformate Solvolysis." Kevill, D.N.; D'Souza, M. Journal Chemical Society Perkin Transactions 2 2002, Vol.
		"Correlation of The Rates of Solvolysis of the N,N-Diphenylcarbamoylpyridinium Ion." Kevill, D.N.; Bond, M. D'Souza, M. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1998, Vol.
	www.wesley.edu /academics/sciences/index_sciences.html (1725 words)

	Solvolysis of Bromobutane Isomers
		Isomers of bromobutane are added to an alkaline aqueous acetone solution containing bromcresol green indicator.
		The solvolysis is revealed by the indicator changing from green to red as hydrogen bromide is liberated in the reaction.
		Br were added to an alkaline aqueous acetone solution containing bromcresol green indicator.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG10/TRAM10/D/0304918/THUMBS.HTM (199 words)

	[No title]
		D. Roberts, "Solvent Effects, The Solvolysis Rates of Cyclopropylcaarbinyl, 1-Methlcyclopropylcarbinyl, and 1-Phenylcyclopropylcarbinyl Arenesulfonate Derivates," J. Org.
		D. Roberts, and W. Hendrickson, "Neighboring Group Study in Solvolysis of Cyclopentyl and Cyclohexyl Tosylates," J. Org.
		D. Roberts and Edward W. Hall, "A Study of Solvent Effects on the Rates of Solvolysis of Pinacolyl Deratives." J. Org.
	www.chem.latech.edu /chemistry_people/roberts_research.html (387 words)

	Physical Organic Chemistry Group R&D Projects
		Acid and base catalyzed solvolysis reactions of ligninare used extensively in the preparation of lignin derivatives and in the de-polymerization of this biopolymer.
		Condensation reactions also accompany the mild acid solvolysis and work counter to the de-polymerization chemistry.
		The condensation reactions become more prominent as the temperature or acid concentration is raised, and occur significantly under the demineralization procedures employed for coals.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/csd/Research_areas/POC_rd_nmrscsmi.html (1257 words)

	Solvolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The word "solvolysis" uses 10 letters: I L L O O S S S V Y.
		Words within solvolysis not shown as it has more than seven letters.
		All words formed from solvolysis by changing one letter
	www.morewords.com /word/solvolysis (197 words)

	IngentaConnect Correlation of the specific rates of solvolysis of trimethylsilyl... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		IngentaConnect Correlation of the specific rates of solvolysis of trimethylsilyl...
		Correlation of the specific rates of solvolysis of trimethylsilylmethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate using a two-term Grunwald-Winstein equation
		The specific rates of solvolysis of trimethylsilylmethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate have been measured at 25.0 °C in ethanol, methanol, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and their mixtures with water.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/stl/jcr/2006/00002006/00000003/art00011 (216 words)

	Solvolysis of the Tumor-Inhibiting Ru(III)-Complex trans-Tetrachlorobis(Indazole)Ruthenate(III)
		We investigated the indazolium as well as the sodium salt, the latter showing improved solubility in water.
		In aqueous acetonitrile and ethanol the solvolysis results in one main solvento complex.
		Thomas Pieper, Wolfgang Peti, and Bernhard K. Keppler, “Solvolysis of the Tumor-Inhibiting Ru(III)-Complex trans-Tetrachlorobis(Indazole)Ruthenate(III),” Metal-Based Drugs, vol.
	www.hindawi.com /GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/MBD.2000.225&e=cta (165 words)

	Student Presentations 2000-2001 - Chemistry Department
		The 49 th Undergraduate Research Symposium of the American Chemical Society-NY section, Pace University, May 5, 2001.
		Park; P. Svoronos ; P. Irigoyen; S. Karimi, “ Solvolysis of alkyl halides: A study using LABWORKS II Interface: Calculation of the energy of activation using the ln k vs. 1/T plot”
		Tsun; P. Svoronos ; P. Irigoyen; S. Karimi, “ Solvolysis of alkyl halides: A study using LABWORKS II Interface: Solvent effect on the kinetics of the ionization reaction”
	www.qcc.cuny.edu /Chemistry/presentations2001-2000.asp (191 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"Synthesis, Solvolysis, and Antiviral Activity of 4-Substituted Nortricyclenes." Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, December, 1978.
		Chenier, P. J.; Jenson, T. Kiland, P. Schmitt, G. VanderWegen, P. "Long-Range Corner Participation by Cyclopropane in the Solvolysis of Bridgehead Carbinyl Tosylates." Abstracts of Papers, 1981 Kilpatrick Symposium on "Carbenes, Carbenoids, and Cyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis," Illinois Institute of Technology,
		"Long-Range Corner Participation by Cyclopropane in the Solvolysis of Bridgehead Carbinyl Tosylates." Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Duluth, September, 1981.
	www.uwec.edu /cheniepj/present.htm (1253 words)

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