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Topic: Somali Democratic Republic

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	[No title]
		Society-SOMALI The Somali people consist of two major divisions: the Somali proper (Samaale) made up of the Dir, Isaaq (Esa), Hawiye (Hawiya), and Daarood (Darod); and the outcast Sab groups consisting of the Digil and Rahanwin, who are markedly different in their occupations and dialects from the rest of the population.
		The Somali economy is based primarily on animal husbandry, with the camel being the mainstay of the nomadic subsistence pattern.
		The social structure of the Somali is arranged in tiers of kinship, tracing connections in an elaborate genealogy to two brothers, Somali and Sab, the ancestors of the divisions of the same name.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7870 (1591 words)

	Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (in Somali: Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed or XHKS), the governing political party in Somalia 1976-1991.
		The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party shall be the only legal party in the Somali Democratic Republic; no other party or political organisation may be established.
		In the same year the Somali National Front was organized by Barre loyalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somali_Revolutionary_Socialist_Party (357 words)

	Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in East Africa.
		Independence of Somaliland from Britain was on June 26, 1960 and on July 1, 1960 unification of the British and ex-Italian Somali protectorates took place.
		Somali is now the language of instruction in schools, which are few.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somalia (2006 words)

	Somalia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somalia ((A member of a tall dark people inhabiting Somalia) Somali: Soomaaliya; (The Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects) Arabic: الصومال;, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in (A geographical area in eastern Africa) East Africa.
		Interaction over the centuries led to the emergence of a Somali culture bound by common traditions, a single language, and the (The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran) Islamic faith.
		Somali is now the language of instruction in schools (which are rare).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/somalia.htm (1918 words)

	Somalia - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال,As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in east Africa.
		On October 10, 2004 Somali MPs electedAbdullahi Yusuf, president of Puntland, to be the next president.Because of the chaotic situation in Mogadishu, the election was held in a sports centre in Nairobi, Kenya.
		Somali isnow the language of instruction in schools, to the extent that these exist.
	www.aaez.biz /?t=Somalia (1150 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somali officers of the National Armed Forces were trained in U.S. military schools in civilian as well as military subjects.
		A goal of Somali nationalism is to unite the other Somali-inhabited territories with the republic consistent with the objectives of pan-Somali tradition.
		Since 1981, the Somali Government and Kenya have embarked on a rapprochement that brought an exchange of senior Kenyan and Somali officials in May 1983, and a visit to Mogadishu by Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi in July 1984.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/somalia9807.html (3962 words)

	Beware--A Taliban-like Gov't
		On Friday August 25, 2000, an unrepresentative conference described as the “Somali Peace Conference”, which was held in the town of Arta under the auspices of the government of Djibouti, announced that it had elected Mr.
		Their immediate aim, it is believed, is to eliminate Somaliland, the only secular democratic state in the Somali speaking region of the Horn, and to impose a Taliban-like government on all the inhabitants of the former territories of the Somali Democratic Republic.
		The Republic of Somaliland, the former British Somaliland Protectorate, which announced in 1991 its withdrawal from the union of 1960 with the former trust territory of Italian Somalia, did not participate in the conference and has therefor disassociated itself with its outcome.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivejuly/000918105.htm (545 words)

	[No title]
		The indispensibility of Somali women in maintaining the nomadic family and their vital role in pastoral production has always been a theme of discourse among the Somali people.4 Although all member's input in the nomadic househod was vital to the sustenance of this lifestyle, the bulk of the pastoral production requirement was a woman's responsibility.
		In the Somali nomadic tradition, the dicotomy of the "domestic" (women's domain) versus the public (men's domain) is tricky and in many cases it is difficult to determine whether a specific activity is located in the "domestic" sphere or "public" sphere.
		According to a Somali saying: "The penis of a rapist and the tooth of a thief were outside the accepted collective compensation." These two were strictly responsible for their crimes and would not expect assistance from their kin.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/sej/women1.doc (11369 words)

	Somalia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rise of Islam had migrations of Semitic peoples, chiefly Arabic peoples, bring Islam to the area and by 800 A.D. the Somali peoples were muslim.
		The Somali peoples migrated south and mixed with the Bantu and Oromo peoples as they penetrated south.
		The Somalis today are a racial blend of Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Ethiopians (Tigray and Amhara), Arabs, Persians, Bantus and Oromo peoples.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Somalia (1321 words)

	A short history of Somaliland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It merges with Italian Somalia in 1960 to form the Somali Republic.
		The country, renamed Somali Democratic Republic, is governed by a Surpreme Revolutionary Council.
		Somalia is renamed Somali Republic but the state ceases to exist: Somalia dissolves into civil war and clan banditry.
	www.electionworld.org /history/somaliland.htm (375 words)

	Somalia or Somali Democratic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Before Somalia’s government collapsed in 1991 and fighting escalated among clans seeking control of the country, education was free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14.
		The UN mission became mired as it evolved from one of relief to that of rebuilding a Somali government.
		Clashes between Somali factions and UN troops became frequent, and an estimated 1000 Somali were killed.
	hem.passagen.se /feyte/somallia.htm (2522 words)

	Appendix 1: Draft Constitution for the Republic of Somalia
		The former Somali Democratic Republic was an oppressive socialist dictatorship that used military and police force to impose a foreign social system, called "Scientific Socialism" in the form of a centralized dictatorship, upon us.
		The Republic of Somalia is a secular state that guarantees complete freedom of religion and religious beliefs for all of its Citizens and other Residents.
		In the case of the Republic of Somalia, with genuine democracy, the Majlis is elected by the Citizens as their Representatives using democratic procedures.
	www.civicwebs.com /cwvlib/africa/somalia/1995/reunification/appendix_1.htm (7939 words)

	African Languages - Shona, Somali, Tigrinya (ASC)(MSU)
		Somali, which belongs to the East Cushitic branch of Cushitic, is spoken in the Somali Democratic Republic, the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, eastern and northeastern Kenya, and southern Djibouti.
		Somali is the national language of Somalia, where it is used in the schools, government, and daily commerce.
		Somali is heard on Voice of Kenya radio, Radio Diffusion - Television de Djibouti, the Voice of Revolutionary Ethiopia, the BBC, and Radio Moscow, all using Common Somali.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language6.htm (450 words)

	Somaliland Forum
		The Republic of Somaliland is the former British Somaliland Protectorate from the 1880s to 26 June 1960 when it became the independent "State of Somaliland." Many countries formally welcomed the new state.
		The Constitution of the Republic was endorsed at a referendum in 2001, and in December 2002, nationwide local elections were held.
		The term Somali is correctly used to denote anyone whose ethnic origin and language is Somali and includes all Somali-speaking peoples who live in the Republic of Somaliland, Somalia, The Republic of Djibouti, The Somali Region of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia and the Northern province of Kenya.
	www.somalilandforum.com /slf/press_release/slf_mr-04-02-03.shtml (1131 words)

	Forum's Response to the Annan Report
		The Symposium was attended by about 60 Somalis, invited in their individual capacities, from all parts of the country and from the diaspora.
		At its heart, it is about the role of the state (centralist dictatorial state vs. a federalist humane state) and the individual; it is also about the process of democracy and federalism, as several regions and their populations have clearly stated that they have no desire for a centralist state that holds all the powers.
		They are also trying to blend their indigenous democratic heritage into the structures of a modern state and this has already happened in the example of the Republic of Somaliland.
	www.somalilandforum.com /slf/press_release/forum_response_annan2000.htm (6629 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somali society continues to rely predominantly on oral communication as the medium of instruction.
		Today, while Somali is the medium of instruction in primary schools, secondary schools teach both Arabic (from Grade 1) and English (from Grade 9) as second and third languages.
		Somali parents consider Koranic schools a part of the basic moral education of every child, and they willingly support the Koranic teacher to ensure that their children are instructed.
	www.ginie.org /ginie-crises-links/peer/txt/WOMCHILD.txt (4985 words)

	Offshore World Resources & Data Base: Living Overseas, International Real Estate, Overseas Investments, Expatriate ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The initially Marxist SDR has now become a liberal and democratic regime, but it does not fully control the country - in particular, northern provinces forming the previous British Somaliland wish for independence.
		No action shall lie against Registrar, the Government or any Statutory body or authority of the Somali Democratic Republic, the SIFC Authority, or, except as herein provided, any public official in respect of anything done or omitted in the exercise or purported exercise of any of its or his functions or duties under this Act.
		Regulations may be made by Somali International Financial Centre in Council prescribing all matters and things required or authorised by this Act to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for the purpose of carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
	www.taxhaven-opm.org /opm/ver2.asp?cod=550&canal=Somalia (3906 words)

	GMC: BANKING LICENSES AND READY MADE BANKS
		The International Banking Act 2003 is an integral part of the legislation passed in June 2003 by the government of the Somali Democratic Republic, which aims to develop the financial and business services infrastructure and to stimulate foreign investment in Somalia.
		Somali offshore banks operate in a liberal, proactive business environment which is regulated by the SIFC.
		At the same time, the authorities do act to protect the good name of the Somali International Financial Centre by conducting due diligence on prospective bank owners (in absolute confidence) This ensures that criminals and dirty money are kept away.
	www.global-money.com /item.php?id=208 (601 words)

	Background Notes: Somalia, Country Background , Somalia Country Background, .Somalia Country Background
		Somalis have a remarkably homogeneous culture and identity.
		Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen.
		In the mid-1970s, the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) began guerrilla operations in the Ogaden region of Ethiopia.
	www.realadventures.com /listings/1024176.htm (2628 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIA: SOMALIA - OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR
		The Somali Democratic Republic lies on the east coast of Africa, with Ethiopia to the northwest and Kenya to the west.
		The Somalis are united by language, culture, and religion as well as by common descent.
		All Somalis trace their origin to two brothers, Samaal and Saab, said to have been members of the Arabian tribe of Quraysh, to which Muhammad belonged.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/call/call_93-1_chp1.htm (1375 words)

	Preamble
		The Somali People are defined to include all members of the Somali clan structure as well as other indigenous groups who have traditionally lived together with the Somali clans.
		The Citizens of the Republic of Somalia are defined to be all Somali People living mainly on the territory of the Republic of Somalia.
		The Residents of the Republic of Somalia are defined to be all people currently residing in the Republic of Somalia, independent of whether they are Somali People or not and whether they are Citizens or not.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/somalia.html (7105 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		Somalis enjoy substantial freedoms - of association, expression, movement – but live largely without the protection of the state, access to security or institutional rule of law.
		Ethiopia has a large Somali population (Region V) and still harbour memories of Somalia's occupation of the Ogaden in 1977/78.
		Kenya, also with a significant Somali population and host to the reconciliation process, is looked upon by Somalis with much less suspicion, despite occasional border incursions by warring Somali clans.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019744993170 (1643 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The regime of Mohamed SIAD Barre was ousted in January 1991; turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy have followed in the years since.
		The northwestern area has declared its independence as the "Republic of Somaliland"; the northeastern region of Puntland is a semi-autonomous state; and the remaining southern portion is riddled with the struggles of rival factions.
		A Somali National Army was attempted under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/so.html (1600 words)

	Somalia's deadly falldowns. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thanks to the excesses of successive corrupt civilian regimes and a bloodsucking military dictatorship from the hell, the violent disintegration of that state was anything else but unpredictable.
		For the sake of clarity, it should be explained that one will be wide offthe mark if one says the citizens of that hapless state had experienced one dhacaan or that all the dhacaans which cametheir way were the making of Barre, although the people he ruled saw no worse evil than he.
		In fact, one could says that the people of the former Somali Republic, which subsequently became the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Barre, have been greasing that rouge elephant from 1960 when they had "won" the hollow independence from Britain and Italy.
	www.somalilandnet.com /somaliland_voice/opinion/2137.shtml (919 words)

	The long road to democracy
		Officially known as the Somali Democratic Republic the country covers an area of 637,000 square kilometers with an estimated population of 9.2 million as per 1995 estimates.
		In 1977 Somali broke off relations with the USSR because of its support for the Marxist regime in Ethiopia, on which Somali had declared war.
		The weapons were soon in the hands of rival groups and in 1981, the Isaak clan objecting the resettlement of assistance advanced t Somali refugees from Ethiopia launched a guerrilla war on the government.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/cl/print/news.php?articleid=2816 (724 words)

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