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Topic: Somali Civil War

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	History of Somalia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Somali resistance to their colonial masters, both familiar and foreign, began in 1899 under the leadership of religious scholar Mahammad Abdille Hasan Ogaden sub-lineage of the Darod tribe and his mother was Dulbehante sub-lineage of the Darod tribe.
		The dervish struggle was one of the longest and bloodiest anti-Imperial resistance wars in sub-Saharan Africa, and cost the lives of nearly a third of northern Somalia's population: the Dulbehante lost half of their population during this era and there were heavy casualties on the Ethiopian and British sides as well.
		The Ogaden War of 1977-78 between Somalia and Ethiopia and the consequent refugee influx forced Somalia to depend for its economic survival on humanitarian handouts.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Somalia (9707 words)

	Somali language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language, of the East Cushitic branch.
		Somali is spoken mostly in Somalia and Somaliland (which broke off from Somalia in 1991, but is not yet recognized as a country), eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya, but speakers are found all over the world because of the Somali civil war.
		Somali has several strategies to indicate where the intention or the interest or the focus is located in the phrase: a topic-comment or focus construction.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Somali_language (1104 words)

	Welcome banadir.com - where news is always free
		According to the western media a civil war is war in which the competing parties within the same nation state or empire struggle for national control of state power and resources.
		Civil conflicts are often characterized in the form of religion, ethnic, distribution of wealth; and revolutionary movements, be it colonial peoples revolt against colonizers for independence, oppressed sections of a people against a political system or socio-political system in use in a given state.
		In conclusion, the contributing factor to civil wars is that generally they become proxy wars for outside powers that fund their partisans and thus continue the circle of violence.
	www.banadir.com /civil_war_and_its.shtml (1867 words)

	Somalia - LINEAGE SEGMENTATION AND THE SOMALI CIVIL WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A civil war began in the early 1980s with an armed uprising against the regime by Majeerteen clans (Daarood) in southern Somalia under the banner of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
		Ethiopia was being treated by the Somali opposition as another clan for purposes of temporary alliance in the interminable shifting coalitions of Somali pastoral clan politics.
		The collapse of the Siad Barre regime in early 1991 led to interclan civil war that was continuing in 1992.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-11987.html (812 words)

	Somaliland and Peace in the Horn of Africa: A Situation Report and Analysis
		The outbreak of Somaliland's second "civil war" since the unilateral declaration of independence in May 1991, was widely expected to do irreparable damage to the credibility of the "Republic's" claims to secession, as well as to its population's resolve for independence.
		Expansion of the war to encompass nomadic populations would be catastrophic in humanitarian terms, and the fact that this has not occurred lends hope to the prospects for a negotiated settlement.
		The description of the war as one between "pro-" and "anti-Somaliland" forces has served the purposes of political leaders on both sides, but is misleading and has done much to obscure the root causes and dynamics of the conflict.
	www.h-net.org /~africa/sources/somalirpt.html (4851 words)

	afrol News - Peace millions for Somali war lords
		In Eldoret, Somali war lords have apparently been negotiating since October last year to find a solution to the 12 years of anarchy in their country.
		Even if only Somali 300 delegates were invited to Eldoret in remote eastern Kenya, there has come a total of 1000 Somalis, claiming their voice is crucial to achieve peace in the country.
		While the Kenyan intent to solve the Somali civil war therefore seems to fall apart, the government is at least receiving increased international financing of the conference by way of consolation.
	www.afrol.com /News2003/som003_peace_goverment.htm (824 words)

	History of Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the ensuing centuries, the Somalis were converted to Islam.
		Somali resistance to their colonial masters, both familiar and foreign, began in 1899 under the leadership of religious scholar Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Ogaden sub-lineage of the Darod tribe and his mother was Dulbahante sub-lineage of the Darod tribe.
		The dervish struggle was one of the longest and bloodiest anti-Imperial resistance wars in sub-Saharan Africa, and cost the lives of nearly a third of northern Somalia's population: the Dulbahante lost half of their population during this era and there were heavy casualties on the Ethiopian and British sides as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Somalia (9826 words)

	::: Somalitalk.com Online Community :::::
		Somalis like many other ethnic community, came from a culture where the law enforcement agents is seen as fear factor, because of their historic abuse and misuse of power.
		Somalis are peace-loving people and are here to seek peace, liberty, justice and opportunity as well as to contribute to the society.
		In addition to that, the Somali people have been suffering a bloody civil war, which caused unnecessary death and destruction; many of the people who are sitting here with us today have lost some of their loved ones in the civil war.
	www.somalitalk.com /2004/mutamar/bayaan.html (1005 words)

	revolution: somali civil war
		Civil war erupted as various clan-based military factions competed for control after the collapse of Barre's regime.
		In a bloody civil war with devastation on all sides, Aideed's faction was emerging as the center of a coalition.
		The Somalis' successful repulse of the U.N. attack led the United States to commit the lives of U.S. troops to an expensive, bloody, five-month manhunt for Aideed.
	www.boogieonline.com /revolution/multi/war/somalia.html (1447 words)

	Civil War - History - Somalia - Africa
		The UN mission became mired as it evolved from one of relief to that of rebuilding a Somali government.
		Clashes between Somali factions and UN troops became frequent, and an estimated 1,000 Somali were killed.
		Troops from the United States, which had withdrawn in March 1994 after 30 of its members were killed and 175 wounded, returned in February 1995 to cover the departure of the remaining UN peacekeeping force in March.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/somalia/history/civil_war.htm (508 words)

	OGADEN ONLINE
		DURING THE Cold War, Somalia was a client state of the former USSR, with the U.S. supporting the regime of King Haile Selassie in rival Ethiopia.
		The civil war that followed caused a horrible famine and deaths that took 300,000 lives, as the warring factions took over.
		The Somalis are portrayed as if they don’t know what’s going on, as if they’re trying to kill the Americans because they--like all other "evildoers"-‘will do anything to bite the hand that feeds them’.
	www.ogaden.com /Somalia_Civil_war.htm (757 words)

	EthnoMed: Somali Bantu Leterature Review
		While the Somali Bantu have been described as resourceful people, who have many skills, wish to better the lives of their children, and are depicted as humble and hospitable people, they are a group that requires particular understanding and attention on the part of health care providers.
		Somali Bantu women may be an especially vulnerable refugee population due to the high risks and incidents of rapes in the refugee camps (Van Lehman, et al., 2004).
		Due to the history of dominate/subordinate relations between Somalis and Somali Bantu, their working relationships are of additional concern, especially in terms of comfort level and accuracy of interpretation during health care visits.
	ethnomed.org /cultures/somali/soma_bantu_lit_rev_may06.html (1559 words)

	Somaliland Times
		The Somali Bantus are an ethnic minority, whose arrival in Somalia is linked to the Arab slave trade of the 18th and 19th centuries, with many of them having strong ancestral links to Malawi, Tanzania and Mozambique.
		Many Somalis who have fled abroad to avoid the decade long war that has ravaged their country, return to the Horn of Africa – and particularly Ethiopia - for the operation.
		Deilaf was a relatively unknown entrepreneur before the civil war, but capitalised on aid contracts to transport food and exchange dollars into local currency for international relief agencies (i.e.
	www.somalilandtimes.net /Archive/Archive/00003700.htm (8037 words)

	The Belmont Club: A reason to believe
		Iyad Allawi, the former Prime Minister of Iraq, is being quoted as describing Iraq in a state of civil war.
		A civil war is a visible event whose indicators includes the insubordination of armed units, mass refugee flows, the rise of rival governments, etc. The test is whether those events are being observed.
		In my view, the shift of meme from the "insurgency" to a "civil war" is a backhanded way of admitting the military defeat of the insurgency without abandoning the characterization of Iraq is an American fiasco.
	fallbackbelmont.blogspot.com /2006/03/reason-to-believe.html (5227 words)

	Banadir City: CENTER FOR SOMALI SOLUTIONS & UNITY
		After sixteen years of Somali civil war, which laid to waste much of our infrastructures and decimated a quarter of our population, every phase of Somali life and aspects of our struggling society, stand at the critical crossroads in our national journey to build peace and sustain development.
		Somalis are nervous and seemingly disappointed with the state of national affairs in Somalia.
		CSSU, in unity with all Somalis and various organizations in the United States, shall continue to advocate for the stabilization of the country as provided by the Somali Constitution.
	www.markacadey.net /somali/opinion/1761.htm (850 words)

	SUNTA KU DUUGAN SOOMAALIYA:: Cilmi Baaristii Bashiir Sh Maxamed
		Somali sources close to the trade say that the dumped materials included radioactive uranium, lead, cadmium, mercury and industrial, hospital, chemical and various other toxic wastes.
		Somali members of parliament called on Saturday for International help to clean up tons of hazardous waste dislodged by the Asian tsunami, which they say is causing breathing problems and skin infections in Somalia.
		Somali men wait for a fisherman to come ashore at the beach in Hafun in north eastern Somalia, Monday, Jan. 31, 2005 after the devastating...
	www.somalitalk.com /sun/sun1.html (2397 words)

	Burao City - End In Sight For Somali Civil War?
		Worse still, such ill-disposed attitudes of Somali warlords may, in effect, inflict another deep division among various Somali clans and generate another round of conflict, if the international community does not hold the warlords back and force them to co-operatively participate in bringing the peace process to fruition.
		Therefore, the SPR strongly urges the international community to persuade the government of Libya to be instrumental in bringing Somali warlords to the peace table in Djibouti, since warlords long enjoy political and material support by government of Libya whose supports in turn were used for Somali social destruction.
		As such we firmly recommend that the future Somali political leaders should be leaders with a deep understanding of current conditions by their society, a clear vision of the future and with the ability to consider long-term consequences of particular courses of action during transition.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archive/000321101.htm (619 words)

	TED Case Studies: Somali Waste Imports
		The Issue During the Somali civil war hazardous waste was dumped in this African nation by industrialized countries.
		The rival factions have been at war with each other since the mid-eighties and a mission by the United Nations to stabilize the country has now ended in apparent political failure.
		The war led to a serious famine that was solved by the intervention.
	www.geocities.com /somali_fisheries/unep.html (1414 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Somali National Peace Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Elected by a 245-strong clan-based Transistional National Assembly (TNA), the new Somali president was sworn in 27 August in a ceremony lead by the Djibouti president, and watched by international representatives, including heads of state from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Yemen, and Sudan.
		Somali and Djibouti television and radio stations broadcast daily to Somalia, and showed presidential elections live to Mogadishu as they stretched into the early hours of 26 August.
		Zakaria Mohamed Haji-Abdi, member of the Somali Intellectuals Forum, was involved in organising the Somali Peace Conference in the early stages.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/somalia_npc (1346 words)

	As Somali Civil War Smolders, Bostonians Help Refugees Adjust to New Life in U.S.
		Although the long and confusing Somali civil war no longer captures American headlines, the conflict is by no means over, according to a Somali activist assisting refugees to start new lives in Boston.
		Close to 3,000 Somali refugees, almost all of them Muslim, have settled in Boston in recent years, creating one of the larger concentrations in the U.S. According to the 37-year-old Hussein, most Somalis arriving in Boston are traumatized from the war.
		Avoiding the police, as they learned to do during the civil war, some parents kept their children out of school, while other youngsters banded together and fought back.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0598/9805067.html (3614 words)

	Somaliland News - Somaliland women take on new roles
		That role was radically altered by the Somali civil war of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
		In the aftermath of the war, the task of caring for the thousands of families in Somaliland fell to the women, who had to take on the dual role of father and mother in their homes.
		Ahmed M.I. Egal - The collapse of the state in the erstwhile Somali Republic in 1991 ushered an era of anarchy, warlord hegemony, sporadic famines and a regression to a pre-modern socio-political structure in that unhappy country.
	www.radiosomaliland.com /index.php?itemid=29 (1482 words)

	[No title]
		As the surviving family members of the Somali civil war, we are horrified after listening to the BBC Somali section presenting false picture of Halima Khalif Magool’s past and present history.
		Magool songs has contributed to the civil war worst then Bullets and RPG's, Her songs has encouraged hate and miss-trust between the clans.
		It is ironic, that Somali media such as BBC Somali section and other publishers missed an-other opportunity to tell the world the facts and the bloody history of one of the most well know Somali singer Halimo Khalif Omar “MAGOOL”.
	www.banadir.com /magool2.shtml (500 words)

	The Arabists vs the Anglo-Somalis: stage for the next set of conflicts in Somalia...
		In the past, for multiple reasons, Somalis have been manipulated and as result miss-treated by the powers that be (we share the blame) in their worldly games.
		The recent events from Djibouti peace conference mark another turning point for Somali’s manipulation- the Arabist vs the anglo-somali society (note: this is not a negative commentary about the peace process itself).
		This time, it is not about clan politics (although clan will be utilized when it serves the purpose) but rather the arabists (euphemistically known us the Islamic courts/fundamentalists) against the forces of democracy and good (also known as her majesty).
	www.somaliawatch.org /archiveoct00/001003201.htm (573 words)

	GEESKA AFRIKA ONLINE: Nur Kafi's Column on the Eye of the Horn of African Affairs
		Indeed, similar to many other war-torn countries, I believe the cause of the Somali civil war originated from the combination of clan power struggle, the underpinnings of dictatorship system like the exclusionary government policies and inequality in the distribution of public resources in previous governments.
		All Somali citizens have the duty and moral responsibility to observe, protect and defend the Federal Charter in order to realize the fundamental goals of our life namely to live in peace and unity as indivisible, free and sovereign nation and get out of the current deplorable situation.
		The alternative is reversal of the success of the Somali National Reconciliation Process and to continue war by other means, a prediction quoted in December 2004 report of the International Crisis Group.
	www.geeskaafrika.com /somalia_2dec05.htm (2291 words)

	Somali Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia, which started in 1988.
		In 1991, the northern portion of the country declared its independence as Somaliland; although de facto independent and relatively stable compared to the tumultuous south, it has not been recognized by any foreign government.
		In June 2006, a new force, the Union of Islamic Courts succeeded in capturing the capital, Mogadishu, from a loose alliance of different warlords.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somali_Civil_War (512 words)

	Committee for Somali Education - History
		With the information gleaned from their trip the men returned to the U. with many ideas for programs and ways in which help could be sent from this country.
		The Committee to Aid Somali Education (CASE) then sought and received formal approval for nonprofit, tax exempt status so that they could carry on their work.
		The two founders of CASE felt that a trip to Somalia was the only way to attain a true understanding of the problems confronting the educational establishment there.
	www.somalieducation.org /history.htm (218 words)

	Somaliuk Your Portal For News, Chat Rooms, Culture, Music, and Forums
		Like many Somalis, they were of the opinion that, if warlords whose mutual hatred of each other were the cause of the instability in Mogadishu and else where in Southern Somalia, are now members of the parliament and of the cabinet, the government should encounter no more enemies to be protected from.
		Ethiopia is accused of playing a crucial part in the longevity of the Somali civil war by siding with certain clans, training snipers, and arming certain warlords in virtual violation of the U.N weapons embargo.
		A group of Somali intellectuals that included Professor Abdi Samatar and former Prime Minister Abdirizaq Hagi Hussein, at the end of their meeting in Nairobi, called for the exclusion of troops from frontline countries (Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Kenya) in any troop deployment in Somalia.
	www.somaliuk.com /Forums/index.php?topic=1445.0 (1784 words)

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