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	Somali Shilling Strengthens as Hopes for Peace Increased (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		MOGADISHU (July 25) XINHUA -The Somali currency has been strengthening as hopes for the establishment of a new Somali government increased with the proceeding of the Djibouti peace conference.
		The Somali currency was exchanged at 9, 500 shillings to one U. dollar on Tuesday, compared with 10,040 shillings to a dollar four days ago.
		Many currency dealers attributed the appreciation of the shilling to the growing optimism that a government is now in sight for Somalia.
	www.arlaadinet.com /News/July/somali_shilling_strengthens_as_h.htm (280 words)

	Somalia
		The city is known as Muqdisho in Somali, Maqdishu in Arabic and Mogadiscio in Italian.
		It was founded in the 10th century by Arab immigrants from the Persian Gulf, and was one of the earliest in the long range of Arab settlements all over the East African coast.
		In 1941, Britain occupied Italian Somaliland and in 1948 gave the OGADEN region to Ethiopia, although it was populated largely by Somalis.
	us-africa.tripod.com /somalia.html (1475 words)

	Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the Somali Peace conference held in Djibouti from May to August 2000, a Transitional National Assembly was established under a plan sponsored by Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guellen and endorsed by the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity.
		Somalis typically live in nuclear families, although older parents may move in with one of their children.
		Somali culture is male centered, at least in public, although women play important economic roles in both farming and herding families and in business in the cities.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~jmroth (4276 words)

	Somalia page
		Since independence there have been wars with Ethiopia over Somali grazing territory in the Ogaden in 1963 and 1977, and with Kenya over the Northern Frontier District of Kenya where nomadic Somalis have been grazing.
		Somalis claim large areas of Ethiopia and Kenya as well as Djibuti.
		Other Somalis it is true engage in trading and a few can be found scattered over large areas of Africa as traders.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/africa/somalia.html (1250 words)

	Somalia
		Somali was ruled by a civilian government until 1969, when President Muhammad Siad Barre came to power in a military coup.
		Armed domestic opposition to Siad Barre began in the north in 1988 with the Isaaq-based Somali National Movement (SNM) and was brutally suppressed.
		The SNM declared northern Somalia's independence as the Somaliland Republic in May. By August 1992, up to one-third of all Somalis faced death by starvation due to drought and the fighting, which kept farmers from planting crops.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/somalia.html (538 words)

	The Effect of Fake Shillings on the Economy and the Poor
		Somali currency was printed, especially during UNOSOM’s presence, but traders were usually aware of its existence, and the amounts printed were never enough to cause major concern.
		There was complete freedom of the foreign exchange market, the Somali shilling rules between Kenya and the Horn, with only a small part of the Northwest region using the SlSh.
		Whether the Somali shillings is collapsed or has a chance to be rescued is depends on how people resist against the fake currency and what TNG will do with the money that is transferred to her.
	www.arlaadinet.com /February/effect_of_fake_shillings_on_the_.htm (1130 words)

	Somaliuk Your Portal For News, Chat Rooms, Culture, Music, and Forums
		The industry's growth is interwoven with the story of the close to two million Somalis in the Diaspora, who repatriate millions of dollars to Somalia.
		Traditionally, Somalis maintain close family ties, and in this way have managed to stay in touch throughout the crisis in their homeland.
		The 1,000 (Somali) shilling note is recognised as legal tender.
	www.somaliuk.com /Indepth1/Fullarticle.php?IndepthID=173 (1019 words)

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		ADDIS ABABA, 22 Sep 2004 (IRIN) - Parts of the Somali Region in eastern Ethiopia are facing "near emergency" conditions, government and aid workers warned on Tuesday, blaming poor rains in both 2003 and 2004 for steadily worsening food, water and health conditions in the area, one of the most remote in Ethiopia.
		In the far south of Somali Region, Afder and Liban zones are reported to be affected both by poor rains and by currency fluctuations in the Somali shilling.
		The Somali shilling is often used by traders in the region in place of the Ethiopian birr (ETB), the currency of Ethiopia.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=43294&SelectRegion=Horn_of_Africa&SelectCountry=ETHIOPIA (636 words)

	Somalia Country Information
		Language: Somali and Arabic are the official languages.
		Membership: Somalia is a member of the UN, OAU, the Arab League, Organization of the Islamic Conference and is an ACP state of the EU.
		The unit of currency is the Somali shilling, consisting of 100 cents (about 7000 Somali shillings equal U.S.$1; 1996).
	members.aol.com /arabinfo7/somalia.htm (187 words)

	Offshore World Resources & Data Base: Living Overseas, International Real Estate, Overseas Investments, Expatriate ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Somali offshore banks operate in a liberal, proactive business environment which is regulated by the Somali International Financial Centre (SIFC), under the International Bank Act, 2003.
		No action shall lie against Registrar, the Government or any Statutory body or authority of the Somali Democratic Republic, the SIFC Authority, or, except as herein provided, any public official in respect of anything done or omitted in the exercise or purported exercise of any of its or his functions or duties under this Act.
		Regulations may be made by Somali International Financial Centre in Council prescribing all matters and things required or authorised by this Act to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for the purpose of carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
	www.taxhaven-opm.org /opm/ver2.asp?cod=550&canal=Somalia (3906 words)

	somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During this period, the Somalis were separated into five mini-Somalilands: British Somaliland (north central); French Somaliland (east and southeast); Italian Somaliland (south); Ethiopian Somaliland (the Ogaden); and, the Northern Frontier District (NFD) of Kenya.
		The major organizations in existence is Somalia are: the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) composed of the Darod clan; the Somali Salvation Democratic front (SSDF) made up of members of the Majertein clan; the Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) of the Gadabursi clan; and the United Somali Front (USF) of the Issa clan.
		In 1995 the Somali National Alliance (SNA), General Mohamed Farah Aideed's former political organization resisted Aideed's proposal to expel Osman Ali Atto his former ally and financier.
	www.faculty.fairfield.edu /faculty/hodgson/Courses/so191/Projects3/Somalia/Somalia.html (3720 words)

	Bankintroductions.com - SOMALIA
		It is in this southern region of the Somali Republic that is encountering the majority of this instability and conflict with violent clan clashes.
		In 2001, the Somali economy received a further blow as the United States in response to terror attacks froze the Al-Barakaat financial network which follows the money-moving system of ‘hawala’ which is popular in Islamic countries.
		CURRENCY FORECAST: the Somali shilling is given a very low ranking and categorized as a extremely dangerous currency due to the current state of economic and political instability, but more importantly due to the illegal reprinting of banknotes ‘counterfeiting’.
	bankintroductions.com /somalia.html (1654 words)

	Somalia - Nuts and Bolts - DangerFinder
		Somali is a difficult language and uses the Roman alphabet.
		Somali has been a written language only since 1972 so understandably just 24 percent of the country is literate.
		Somali has some very benign pockets where you can find pay satphones ($1 a minute outside the country, free inside), banks and other niceties.
	www.comebackalive.com /df/dplaces/somalia/nutnbolt.htm (485 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		Somalis enjoy substantial freedoms - of association, expression, movement – but live largely without the protection of the state, access to security or institutional rule of law.
		Ethiopia has a large Somali population (Region V) and still harbour memories of Somalia's occupation of the Ogaden in 1977/78.
		Kenya, also with a significant Somali population and host to the reconciliation process, is looked upon by Somalis with much less suspicion, despite occasional border incursions by warring Somali clans.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019744993170 (1643 words)

	Passport Express
		Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored.
		The TNG does not recognize Somaliland or Puntland as independent republics but so far has been unable to reunite them with the unstable regions in the south; numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of Mogadishu and the other southern regions.
		note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2001 est.)
	www.passportexpress.com /default.aspx?page=show_visa&action=Somalia (846 words)

	...TNG for the POOR? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mogadishu - The Somali Prime Minister, Ali Khalif Galeyr declared yesterday that a several-hour ministerial meeting unanimously agreed on the handing over the newly printed Somali shillings to the Transitional Government.
		In a press conference he held at Ramadan Hotel in Mogadishu, the Somali Premier asserted that the businessmen who printed the money reached an agreement with the government in which the money would be transferred to the government, adding that the government would pay the due compensation to the businessmen.
		The US dollar fell sharply against the Somali shilling today after more than 60 billion Somali shillings were handed over to Prime Minister Galeyr by the businessmen.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivefeb01/010215101.htm (2117 words)

	Somalia
		In the 16th century, Turkish rule extended to the northern coast, and the Sultans of Zanzibar gained control in the south.
		After British occupation of Aden in 1839, the Somali coast became its source of food.
		Mohamed Siad Barre, as president of a renamed Somali Democratic Republic, leaned heavily toward the USSR.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107979.html (885 words)

	MAJOR EXPORTS AND IMPORTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In January 1996, the Somali shillings per US dollar was said to be $7,000.
		However, the Somalia Shillings seem to have less value, and the stability may be threatened.
		The Somali “government” also benefited from the aid greatly because they used the aid to “purchase arms and military advisors for their armed forces, which declared war against their own people” (A World Connected).
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~dspencer/IntroEcon/Sec04Sp04/GroupASomolia.htm (1231 words)

	Somalia Economy
		By the spring of 2002, the Somali shilling emitted by the TNG had fallen to over 30,000 shillings to the U.S. dollar.
		The self-declared Republic of Somaliland issues its own currency, the Somaliland shilling, which is not accepted outside of the self-declared republic.
		Before the collapse of the Siad Barre regime and dissolution of the national armed forces in 1991, the Somali National Army was made up of the army, navy, air force, and air defense command.
	www.traveldocs.com /so/economy.htm (803 words)

	SOMALIA -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Monetary unit: Somali shilling, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of 2,622 Somali shillings to U.S. $1 (4,171 Somali shillings = £1 sterling).
		Monetary unit: Somali shilling, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a free rate of 2,601 Somali shillings to...
		The Somali Democratic Republic is located in the Horn of Africa, the easternmost part of the African continent.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9111816?tocId=9111816 (789 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Somalia / Glossary
		The six major Somali clan-families are Daarood, Hawiye, Isaaq, Dir, Digil, and Rahanwayn.
		The Somali fiscal year is coterminous with the calendar year.
		The shilling began to fluctuate in the 1970s but remained around 6 to 7 shillings per US dollar.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/somalia/so_glos.html (744 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| The marine who made peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		No sooner had the dramatic news of the kidnapping of a junior wife of former United States Marine turned Somali warlord Hussein Aidid filtered through last weekend, than it was reported that Aidid's forces overran the port city of Kismayo, some 400km south of Mogadishu.
		A couple of weeks ago, the Somali newspaper Xog-Ogaal reported that a large arms shipment for Aidid had arrived in the port of Marka, southeastern Somalia, and yet more arms were destined for Kismayo.
		The association of several key opposition groups with Ethiopia, the traditional enemy of Somalia, has tarnished their image in the country and helped alienate them further from the vast majority of the people who are now looking to Aidid and the joint administration for security.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/434/re7.htm (1086 words)

	SOMALIA -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Situated in the Horn of northeastern Africa, Somalia lies on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (the region on the Gulf of Aden [the self-declared Somaliland] claimed independence in 1991 but is not recognized internationally).
		Monetary unit: Somali shilling, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of 2,620 Somali shillings to U.S. Situated in the Horn of northeastern Africa, Somalia lies on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
		Monetary unit: Somali shilling, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of 2,622 Somali shillings to U.S. Somalia
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9113900?tocId=9113900 (784 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » IRIN Horn of Africa Update, 11 July
		The Somali shilling has steadily strengthened in most urban markets in June, partly as a result of currency auctions by the Transitional National Government (TNG), according to the July report of the Food Security Assessment Unit (FSAU - European Commission funded and Food and Agriculture Organisation-implemented).
		This is because the UAE, unlike Saudi Arabia, accounts for only a fraction of the Somali export market [See interview with Dr Paul Rossiter, FAO http://www.reliefweb.int/IRIN/cea/countrystories/other/20010705.phtml].The shilling in the self-declared state of Somaliland, northwestern Somalia, again lost value in June, after having appreciated from April to May, FSAU said.
		A Somali political observer told IRIN that the warning may also target ethnic Somali businessmen in Kenya who are known to be supporters of the various faction leaders.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/41fe4ebba763230385256a86006a7ed2 (2066 words)

	Africa - Coins of Somaliland
		However in contrast to the issues of 1 Shilling coins, many millions of the East Africa 50 Cents / Half Shilling coins were issued with the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II (seven dates ranging from 1954 through to 1963).
		For a few years the Somali Scellino (Somali Shilling), the currency unit of the Somali Republic, remained at the same Gold parity as that used for the East Africa Shilling and the Somalo (that had been the currency unit of Somalia).
		The 1967 1 Scellino was of similar size to its predecessors the East African 1 Shilling and the 1 Somalo of Somalia.
	www.wbcc.fsnet.co.uk /af-sol.htm (2382 words)

	Somalia Economy Profile 2005
		Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings, but Saudi Arabia's recent ban on Somali livestock, because of Rift Valley Fever concerns, has severely hampered the sector.
		Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population.
		Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000), 2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January 1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995)
	www.indexmundi.com /somalia/economy_profile.html (446 words)

	FAO/GIEWS Special Report on Somalia - September 97
		Both the Somali shilling (Sosh) and the Somaliland shilling (Slsh) have experienced considerable short-term fluctuations and a dramatic long-term trend of depreciation (Table 1).
		The Somaliland shilling was introduced in October 1994 at a rate of Slsh 1 in exchange for Sosh 100, with Slsh 50 being at parity with US $ 1.
		The Somaliland shilling is traded in about half of the Northwest region; elsewhere, the Somali Shilling is used, although in some markets both currencies are in circulation.
	www.fao.org /WAICENT/FAOINFO/ECONOMIC/GIEWS/ENGLISH/alertes/srsom997.htm (7515 words)

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